For the sake of resilience and multifunctionality, let's diversify planted forests!

Conservation Letters, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: July 16, 2021

Abstract As of 2020, the world has an estimated 290 million ha planted forests and this number is continuously increasing. Of these, 131 are monospecific under intensive management. Although important in providing timber, they harbor less biodiversity potentially more susceptible to disturbances than natural or diverse forests. Here, we point out increasing scientific evidence for increased resilience ecosystem service provision functionally species (hereafter referred as forests) compared ones. Furthermore, propose five concrete steps foster adoption forests: (1) improve awareness benefits practical options among land‐owners, managers, investors; (2) incentivize tree diversity public funding afforestation programs diversify current maladapted low diversity; (3) develop new wood‐based products that can be derived from many different not yet use; (4) invest research assess landscape functional connectivity global‐change threats; (5) base on forests, particular currently under‐represented regions, where could tested.

Language: Английский

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Meta-analysis reveals global variations in plant diversity effects on productivity

Nature, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 8, 2025

Language: Английский

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Recent advances toward the sustainable management of invasive Xylosandrus ambrosia beetles

Journal of Pest Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 94(3), P. 615 - 637

Published: May 15, 2021

Abstract We provide an overview of both traditional and innovative control tools for management three Xylosandrus ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), invasive species with a history damage in forests, nurseries, orchards urban areas. compactus , X. crassiusculus germanus are native to Asia, currently established several countries around the globe. Adult females bore galleries into plant xylem inoculating mutualistic fungi that serve as food source developing progeny. Tunneling activity results chewed wood extrusion from entry holes, sap outflow, foliage wilting followed by canopy dieback, branch trunk necrosis. Maintaining health reducing physiological stress is first recommendation long-term control. Baited traps, ethanol-treated bolts, trap logs trees selected can be used monitor species. Conventional pest methods mostly ineffective against because pests’ broad host range rapid spread. Due challenges conventional control, more approaches being tested, such optimization push–pull strategy based on specific attractant repellent combinations, or use insecticide-treated netting. Biological release entomopathogenic mycoparasitic fungi, well antagonistic bacteria, has yielded promising results. However, these technologies still require validation real field conditions. Overall, we suggest efforts should primarily focus potentially combined multi-faceted approach controlling damage.

Language: Английский

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The significance of tree-tree interactions for forest ecosystem functioning

Basic and Applied Ecology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 55, P. 33 - 52

Published: Feb. 9, 2021

Global change exposes forest ecosystems to many risks including novel climatic conditions, increased frequency of extremes and sudden emergence spread pests pathogens. At the same time, landscape restoration has regained global attention as an integral strategy for climate mitigation. Owing unpredictable future need new forests that provide multiple ecosystem services, mixed-species have been advocated this purpose. However, successful establishment mixed requires intrinsic knowledge biodiversity's role functioning. In respect, a better understanding tree-tree interactions how they contribute observed positive tree species richness effects on key functions is critical. Here, we review current underlying mechanisms argue net biodiversity at community scale may emerge from dominance over negative local neighbourhood scale. second step, demonstrate immediate neighbourhood's can be systematically assessed in diversity experiment. The expected results will improve predictions about functioning based general principles. We urgently required guide design mixtures newly planted forests.

Language: Английский

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Forest Biodiversity in Europe

From science to policy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 1, 2022

Language: Английский

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Managing for the unexpected: Building resilient forest landscapes to cope with global change

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(14), P. 4323 - 4341

Published: April 16, 2022

Natural disturbances exacerbated by novel climate regimes are increasing worldwide, threatening the ability of forest ecosystems to mitigate global warming through carbon sequestration and provide other key ecosystem services. One way cope with unknown disturbance events is promote ecological resilience both functional trait structural diversity fostering connectivity landscape ensure a rapid efficient self-reorganization system. We investigated how expected unexpected variations in biotic affect storage forested region southeastern Canada. Using process-based model (LANDIS-II), we simulated responses change insect outbreaks under different policy scenarios-including approach based on diversification network analysis-and tested potentially most damaging pests interact changes composition structure due changing management. found that warming, lengthening vegetation season, will increase productivity storage, but impacts drought drastically reduce such variables. Generalist, non-native insects feeding hardwood agents for our region, their monitoring early detection should be priority authorities. Higher driven climate-smart management fostered promotes warm-adapted species, might severity. However, alternative scenarios led higher as well connectivity-and thus resilience-than conventional Our results demonstrate adopting landscape-scale perspective planning interventions strategically space diversify forests promising enhancing stressors.

Language: Английский

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Drought and stand susceptibility to attacks by the European spruce bark beetle: A remote sensing approach

Agricultural and Forest Entomology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 25(1), P. 119 - 129

Published: Sept. 5, 2022

Abstract Several time‐series analyses have demonstrated that after extreme summer drought bark beetle damage increased. However, studies predicting stand susceptibility over large spatial extents are limited by technical constraints in obtaining detailed, spatially‐explicit data on infestation spot occurrence. Using a unique dataset of georeferenced data, we tested whether the variation local growing conditions forest stands, topography, and landscape variables modified occurrence Ips typographus infestations severe hot Central Europe. Bark depended soil‐related aridity intensity, elevation, slope, soil conditions. We showed elevation interacted with topography. At low elevations, spruce forests flat areas wetter soils were more sensitive to infestations. On contrary, steep slopes water availability rarely attacked. scale, increased host tree cover but decreased compositional diversity. Our findings generally consistent growth‐differentiation balance hypothesis predicts trees under chronic dry tend be resistant against biotic disturbances. Spruce stands at elevations located homogeneous landscapes dominated those exposed beetles initial phase drought‐induced outbreak.

Language: Английский

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World forests, global change, and emerging pests and pathogens

Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 61, P. 101266 - 101266

Published: Feb. 7, 2023

Global changes play today an important role in altering patterns of human, animal, and plant host–pathogen interactions invasive pest species. With rapid development sequencing technology, there is also increase pathogen studies adopting a macroscale, biogeographical perspective, we present the most recent elements on existing ecological trends. We compare results one hand emerging infectious diseases animals humans, other pathogens pests. International exchanges people, animals, products currently contribute to their geographical extension but with notable differences across disease systems, regions. This review highlights that subject pests, traditionally rooted agronomic approaches, lacks work macroecology biogeography. discuss research orientations better anticipate economic impacts order achieve environmental sustainability.

Language: Английский

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Young mixed planted forests store more carbon than monocultures—a meta-analysis

Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: Nov. 9, 2023

Although decades of research suggest that higher species richness improves ecosystem functioning and stability, planted forests are predominantly monocultures. To determine whether diversification plantations would enhance aboveground carbon storage, we systematically reviewed over 11,360 publications, acquired data from a global network tree diversity experiments. We compiled maximum dataset 79 monoculture to mixed comparisons 21 sites with all variables needed for meta-analysis. assessed stocks in mixed-species vs. (a) the average monocultures, (b) best monoculture, (c) commercial examined potential mechanisms driving differences between mixtures On average, found were 70% than 77% 25% performing although latter was not statistically significant. Overyielding highest four-species (richness range 2–6 species), but otherwise none (nitrogen-fixer present absent; native non-native/mixed origin; experiment forestry plantation) consistently explained variation effects. Our results, young stands, thus could be very promising solution increasing sequestration represent call action more increase confidence these results elucidate methods overcome any operational challenges costs associated diversification.

Language: Английский

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Tree species mixing can increase stand productivity, density and growth efficiency and attenuate the trade-off between density and growth throughout the whole rotation

Annals of Botany, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 128(6), P. 767 - 786

Published: June 21, 2021

Many recent studies emphasize that mixed species is a promising silvicultural option for sustainable ecosystem management under uncertain and risky future environmental conditions. However, compared with monocultures, knowledge of stands still rather fragmentary. This comprehensive study analysed the most common Central European tree combinations to determine extent which mono-layered mixing (1) can increase stand productivity stem diameter growth, (2) density or growth efficiency, (3) reduce competition attenuate relationship between mono-specific stands.The was based on 63 long-term experimental plots in Germany repeated spatially explicit inventories. They covered Norway spruce (Picea abies), silver fir (Abies alba), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), beech (Fagus sylvatica), sessile oak (Quercus petraea), ash (Fraxinus excelsior) sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus). Based measurement, we quantified each intra- inter-specific neighbourhood, local growth. We applied models analyse how neighbourhoods modify productivity, density, individual trade-off productivity.We found gains 7-53 % versus continuing over entire rotation. All mixtures achieved 3-36 higher leaf area index until advanced age. Stem increased by up 31 stands. The efficiency higher, except beech. attenuated mixture.The mainly case spruce/silver fir/European oak/European it more efficient resource use given same pine/European ash/sycamore maple. In other assemblages combination increase. hypothesize effect may be site-invariant depends structural complementarity. depend growth-limiting factor remedied mixture thus co-determined site For forest management, results indicate size mixing. examined this show thinning acceleration requires less reduction causes losses than monocultures. discuss consequences our findings prescriptions mixed-species

Language: Английский

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