Enumerating soil biodiversity

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 120(33)

Published: Aug. 7, 2023

Soil is an immense habitat for diverse organisms across the tree of life, but just how many live in soil surprisingly unknown. Previous efforts to enumerate biodiversity consider only certain types (e.g., animals) or report values groups without partitioning species that versus other habitats. Here, we reviewed literature show likely home 59 ± 15% on Earth. We therefore estimate approximately two times greater than previous estimates, and include representatives from simplest (microbial) most complex (mammals) organisms. Enchytraeidae have greatest percentage (98.6%), followed by fungi (90%), Plantae (85.5%), Isoptera (84.2%). Our results demonstrate biodiverse singular habitat. By using this biodiversity, can more accurately quantitatively advocate organismal conservation restoration as a central goal Anthropocene.

Language: Английский

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Trophic interactions between predatory protists and pathogen-suppressive bacteria impact plant health

The ISME Journal, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 16(8), P. 1932 - 1943

Published: April 23, 2022

Language: Английский

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Global hotspots for soil nature conservation

Nature, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 610(7933), P. 693 - 698

Published: Oct. 12, 2022

Language: Английский

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Crop rotational diversity enhances soil microbiome network complexity and multifunctionality

Geoderma, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 436, P. 116562 - 116562

Published: June 11, 2023

Although it is widely accepted that crop rotations can alleviate the adverse effects of agricultural intensification on ecosystem functioning, influence rotational diversification soil microbial diversity, network complexity, and their associations with multifunctionality remains unclear. Here, we used a 16-year field experiment to assess effect six cropping regimes, respective diversity index (CDI, i.e., number species in rotation multiplied by per year) management intensity (MI, anthropogenic inputs including fertilizer use, pesticide use fuel consumption across 2-year cycle), community (bacteria, fungi protists) multifunctionality. We 20 functions related properties, basal respiration, enzymatic activities nitrogen cycling potential characterize Diversified was shown enhance Also, increased CDI, but were negatively correlated or had hump-shaped relationship MI. With increase microbiome nodes, edges degree increased, betweenness average path length decreased. An MI found have topological properties network. Soil complexity stronger than composition. This study illustrates more diverse under intermediate promoted multifunctionality, highlights crucial role maintaining functions.

Language: Английский

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Predatory protists reduce bacteria wilt disease incidence in tomato plants

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 27, 2024

Abstract Soil organisms are affected by the presence of predatory protists. However, it remains poorly understood how protists can affect plant disease incidence and fertilization regimes these interactions. Here, we characterise rhizosphere bacteria, fungi over eleven growing seasons tomato planting under three regimes, i.e conventional, organic bioorganic, with different bacterial wilt levels. We find that negatively associated incidence, especially two ciliophoran Colpoda OTUs, bioorganic enhances abundance In glasshouse experiments protist influences directly consuming pathogens indirectly increasing pathogen-suppressive microorganisms in soil. Together, demonstrate reduce plants via direct indirect reductions pathogens. Our study provides insights on role play disease, which could be used to design more sustainable agricultural practices.

Language: Английский

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Towards revealing the global diversity and community assembly of soil eukaryotes

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 25(1), P. 65 - 76

Published: Oct. 25, 2021

Soil fungi, protists, and animals (i.e., the eukaryome) play a critical role in key ecosystem functions terrestrial ecosystems. Yet, we lack holistic understanding of processes shaping global distribution eukaryome. We conducted molecular analysis 193 composite soil samples spanning world's major biomes. Our showed that importance selection was higher community assemblage smaller-bodied wider niche breadth organisms. pH mean annual precipitation were primary determinants structure eukaryotic microbes animals, respectively. further found contrasting latitudinal diversity patterns strengths for animals. results point to potential link between body size eukaryotes relative effect ecological environmental factors driving their biogeographic patterns.

Language: Английский

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Changes in structure and assembly of a species-rich soil natural community with contrasting nutrient availability upon establishment of a plant-beneficial Pseudomonas in the wheat rhizosphere

Microbiome, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Sept. 29, 2023

Abstract Background Plant-beneficial bacterial inoculants are of great interest in agriculture as they have the potential to promote plant growth and health. However, inoculation rhizosphere microbiome often results a suboptimal or transient colonization, which is due variety factors that influence fate inoculant. To better understand plant-beneficial complex microbiomes, composed by hundreds genotypes multifactorial selection mechanisms, controlled studies with high-complexity soil microbiomes needed. Results We analysed early compositional changes taxa-rich natural community under both exponential nutrient-rich stationary nutrient-limited conditions (i.e. growing stable communities, respectively) following bacterium Pseudomonas protegens bulk wheat environment. P. successfully established all tested was more abundant community. Nutrient availability major factor driving composition structure well underlying assembly processes. While access nutrients resulted communities assembled mainly homogeneous selection, stochastic processes dominated nutrient-deprived conditions. also observed an increased effect conditions, resulting higher number amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) whose relative abundance enriched. The produced discrete changes, some involved other . Direct competition between strains partially failed replicate differences pointed interaction network. Conclusions this study show nutrient force composition, diversity determines govern development. successful establishment inoculant facilitated among members microbiome. only explained indicating indirect interactions spatial distribution interface may be crucial for survival certain bacteria.

Language: Английский

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Ecosystem type drives soil eukaryotic diversity and composition in Europe

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(19), P. 5706 - 5719

Published: July 14, 2023

Soil eukaryotes play a crucial role in maintaining ecosystem functions and services, yet the factors driving their diversity distribution remain poorly understood. While many studies focus on some eukaryotic groups (mostly fungi), they are limited spatial scale. Here, we analyzed an unprecedented amount of observational data soil eukaryomes at continental scale (787 sites across Europe) to gain further insights into impact wide range environmental conditions (climatic edaphic) community composition structure. We found that fungi, protists, rotifers, tardigrades, nematodes, arthropods, annelids was predominantly shaped by type (annual permanent croplands, managed unmanaged grasslands, coniferous broadleaved woodlands), higher observed croplands than less intensively systems, such as woodlands. Also more specialized eukaryotes, while between homogeneous compared other ecosystems. The high proportion overlapping taxa ecosystems also indicates DNA has accumulated from previous land uses, hence mimicking transformations occurring Europe last decades. This strong ecosystem-type influence linked properties, particularly, pH richness annelids, plant-available phosphorus drove nematodes. Furthermore, organic carbon total nitrogen ratio crucially explained possibly decades agricultural inputs. Our results highlighted importance long-term variables rather measured time sampling shaping communities, which reinforces need include those addition future monitoring programs conservation efforts.

Language: Английский

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Protist feeding patterns and growth rate are related to their predatory impacts on soil bacterial communities

FEMS Microbiology Ecology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 98(6)

Published: May 5, 2022

Predatory protists are major consumers of soil micro-organisms. By selectively feeding on their prey, they can shape microbiome composition and functions. While different known to show diverging impacts, it remains impossible predict a priori the effect given species. Various protist traits including phylogenetic distance, growth rate volume have been previously linked predatory impact protists. Closely related protists, however, also showed distinct prey choices which could mirror specificity in dietary niche. We, therefore, aimed estimate niche breadth overlap eight isolates 20 bacterial species plate assays. To assess informative value suggested newly proposed (feeding-related) traits, we them impacts predation each protist-free community microcosm via 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. We demonstrate that pattern vitro. Further, assayed patterns rates correlated well with observed structure communities. thus conclude vitro screening has potential inform specific selected

Language: Английский

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The neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid has unexpected effects on the growth and development of soil amoebae

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 869, P. 161884 - 161884

Published: Jan. 28, 2023

Language: Английский

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