Stabilization of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in sewage sludge using different sorbents DOI Creative Commons
Weilan Zhang, Tao Jiang, Yanna Liang

et al.

Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 6, P. 100089 - 100089

Published: May 1, 2022

Sewage sludge is known to contain a wide range of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). To test the feasibility stabilizing PFAS in sludge, we spiked two amounts six perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs, C6 – C11), three perfluoroalkane sulfonic (PFSAs, C4 C8), GenX amended it with biochar, granular activated carbon (GAC), or one RemBind® product (100 100X) at different doses. Our results showed that 100X had best stabilization performance, followed by GAC 100. Biochar little effect on decreasing leaching PFAS. Compared control without any sorbents an initial concentration 30 µg/kg, treatment 2 wt.% after 35 days led decrease ∑PFAS 89% water 85% SPLP leachates. At 300 similar trend was observed as well. 100X, GAC, 100 dose 1 stabilized resulted significantly lower leachable than 0.1 wt.%, indicating dose-effect sludge. During experimental duration 115 days, gradually increased time for those but fluctuated leachate implying dynamic adsorption/desorption process potential degradation precursors occurring during incubation. Overall, this study demonstrated positive sorbent addition toward acidic water. The fact can be extracted well basic methanol, although may happen rarely reality, raises question remediation end point, which deserves further investigated.

Language: Английский

Treatment technologies for removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in biosolids DOI
Anushka Garg, Nagaraj P. Shetti, Soumen Basu

et al.

Chemical Engineering Journal, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 453, P. 139964 - 139964

Published: Oct. 22, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

72
Microbial and thermal treatment techniques for degradation of PFAS in biosolids: A focus on degradation mechanisms and pathways DOI Creative Commons
Ravinder Kumar,

Tewodros Kassa Dada,

Anna Whelan

et al.

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 452, P. 131212 - 131212

Published: March 15, 2023

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent organic chemicals detected in biosolids worldwide, which have become a significant concern for applications due to their increasing environmental risks. Hence, it is pivotal understand the magnitude of PFAS contamination implement effective technologies reduce prevent hazardous aftermaths. Thermal techniques such as pyrolysis, incineration gasification, biodegradation been regarded impactful solutions degrade transform into value-added products like biochar. These can mineralize compounds under specific operating parameters, lead unique degradation mechanisms pathways. Understanding pave way design technology optimize process conditions. Therefore, this review, we aim review compare thermal treatment incineration, smouldering combustion, hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL), biodegradation. For instance, perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), firstly C-S bond cleavage occurs followed by hydroxylation, decarboxylation defluorination reactions form perfluoroheptanoic acid. In HTL, PFOS carried through OH-catalyzed series nucleophilic substitution reactions. contrast, involves three-step random-chain scission pathway. The first step includes cleavage, perfluoroalkyl radical, radical chain propagation Finally, termination produces very short-fluorinated units. We also highlighted important policies strategies employed worldwide curb biosolids.

Language: Английский

Citations

48
Occurrence, fate, and remediation for per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in sewage sludge: A comprehensive review DOI Creative Commons
Ting Zhou, Xuan Li, Huan Liu

et al.

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 466, P. 133637 - 133637

Published: Jan. 29, 2024

Addressing per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) contamination is an urgent environmental concern. While most research has focused on PFAS in water matrices, comparatively little attention been given to sludge, a significant by-product of wastewater treatment. This critical review presents the latest information emission sources, global distribution, international regulations, analytical methods, and remediation technologies for sludge biosolids from treatment plants. concentrations matrices are typically hundreds ng/g dry weight (dw) developed countries but rarely reported developing least-developed due limited capability. In comparison samples, efficient extraction cleaning procedures crucial detection samples. regulations have mainly soil reuse, only two set limits or with maximum 100 dw major PFAS. Biological using microbes enzymes present considered as having high potential remediation, they eco-friendly, low-cost, promising. By contrast, physical/chemical methods either energy-intensive linked further challenges disposal. The findings this deepen our comprehension guided future recommendations.

Language: Английский

Citations

48
Review: Hydrothermal treatment of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) DOI
Jianna Li, Brian R. Pinkard, Shuzhong Wang

et al.

Chemosphere, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 307, P. 135888 - 135888

Published: Aug. 2, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

48
Mechanistic Investigations of Thermal Decomposition of Perfluoroalkyl Ether Carboxylic Acids and Short-Chain Perfluoroalkyl Carboxylic Acids DOI Creative Commons

Ali Alinezhad,

Heng Shao,

Kateřina Litvanová

et al.

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 57(23), P. 8796 - 8807

Published: May 17, 2023

In this study, we investigated the thermal decomposition mechanisms of perfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic acids (PFECAs) and short-chain (PFCAs) that have been manufactured as replacements for phased-out per- polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). C-C, C-F, C-O, O-H, C═C bond dissociation energies were calculated at M06-2X/Def2-TZVP level theory. The α-C carboxyl-C energy PFECAs declines with increasing chain length attachment an electron-withdrawing trifluoromethyl (-CF

Language: Английский

Citations

38
Thermal Phase Transition and Rapid Degradation of Forever Chemicals (PFAS) in Spent Media Using Induction Heating DOI Creative Commons
Feng Xiao, Pavankumar Challa Sasi,

Ali Alinezhad

et al.

ACS ES&T Engineering, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 3(9), P. 1370 - 1380

Published: April 26, 2023

In this study, we have developed an innovative thermal degradation strategy for treating per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS)-containing solid materials. Our satisfies three criteria: the ability to achieve near-complete of PFASs within a short timescale, nonselectivity, low energy cost. our method, metallic reactor containing PFAS-laden sample was subjected electromagnetic induction that prompted rapid temperature rise via Joule heating effect. We demonstrated subjecting (0.001–12 μmol) brief duration (e.g., <40 s) resulted in substantial (>90%) these compounds, including recalcitrant short-chain perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids. This finding us conduct detailed study phase transitions using thermogravimetric analysis differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). identified at least two endothermic DSC peaks anionic, cationic, zwitterionic PFASs, signifying melting evaporation melted PFASs. Melting points many were reported first time. data suggest rate-limiting step PFAS is linked with evaporation) occurring on different time scales. When are rapidly heated temperatures similar those produced during heating, slows down, allowing PFAS.

Language: Английский

Citations

26
Ensuring safety standards in sewage sludge-derived biochar: Impact of pyrolysis process temperature and carrier gas on micropollutant removal DOI

Felizitas Schlederer,

Edgar Martín-Hernández, Céline Vaneeckhaute

et al.

Journal of Environmental Management, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 352, P. 119964 - 119964

Published: Jan. 15, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

15
Occurrence, spatiotemporal trends, fate, and treatment technologies for microplastics and organic contaminants in biosolids: A review DOI Creative Commons
Hoang Nhat Phong Vo,

Gia Ky Le,

Lai Nguyen Huy

et al.

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 466, P. 133471 - 133471

Published: Jan. 11, 2024

This review provides a comprehensive overview of the occurrence, fate, treatment and multi-criteria analysis microplastics (MPs) organic contaminants (OCs) in biosolids. A meta-analysis was complementarily analysed through literature to map out occurrence fate MPs 10 different groups OCs. The data demonstrate that (54.7% rate) linear alkylbenzene sulfonate surfactants (44.2% account for highest prevalence In turn, dioxin, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) phosphorus flame retardants (PFRs) have lowest rates (<0.01%). several OCs (e.g., per- polyfluoroalkyl substances, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pharmaceutical personal care products, ultraviolet filters, phosphate retardants) Europe appear at higher than Asia Americas. However, MP concentrations biosolids from Australia are reported be times America Europe, which required more measurement in-depth analysis. Amongst OC groups, brominated exhibited exceptional sorption with partitioning coefficients (log K

Language: Английский

Citations

13
Enhancing the Thermal Mineralization of Perfluorooctanesulfonate on Granular Activated Carbon Using Alkali and Alkaline-Earth Metal Additives DOI
Charbel Abou Khalil, L. V. Chernysheva, Anthony Miller

et al.

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 58(25), P. 11162 - 11174

Published: June 10, 2024

Thermal treatment has emerged as a promising approach for either the end-of-life or regeneration of granular activated carbon (GAC) contaminated with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). However, its effectiveness been limited by requirement high temperatures, generation products incomplete destruction, necessity to scrub HF in flue gas. This study investigates use common alkali alkaline-earth metal additives enhance mineralization perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) adsorbed onto GAC. When treated at 800 °C without an additive, only 49% PFOS was mineralized HF. All tested demonstrated improved mineralization, Ca(OH)2 had best performance, achieving efficiency 98% air N2. Its ability increase reaction rate shift byproduct selectivity suggests that role may be catalytic. Moreover, reduced gas instead reacting additive form inorganic fluorine (e.g., CaF2) starting waste material. A hypothesized mechanism is proposed involves electron transfer from O2– defect sites CaO intermediates formed during thermal decomposition PFOS. These findings advocate GAC disposal reuse, potential reduce operating costs mitigate environmental impact associated incinerating PFAS-laden wastes.

Language: Английский

Citations

12
Photocatalyst degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid in water: Mechanisms, approaches, and perspectives DOI

Jiaqin Luo,

Wei Li, Renli Yin

et al.

Separation and Purification Technology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 338, P. 126503 - 126503

Published: Jan. 25, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

10