Environmental Science & Technology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
57(24), P. 8845 - 8862
Published: June 8, 2023
The
increasing
levels
and
frequencies
at
which
active
pharmaceutical
ingredients
(APIs)
are
being
detected
in
the
environment
of
significant
concern,
especially
considering
potential
adverse
effects
they
may
have
on
nontarget
species
such
as
fish.
With
many
pharmaceuticals
lacking
environmental
risk
assessments,
there
is
a
need
to
better
define
understand
risks
that
APIs
their
biotransformation
products
pose
fish,
while
still
minimizing
use
experimental
animals.
There
both
extrinsic
(environment-
drug-related)
intrinsic
(fish-related)
factors
make
fish
potentially
vulnerable
human
drugs,
but
not
necessarily
captured
nonfish
tests.
This
critical
review
explores
these
factors,
particularly
focusing
distinctive
physiological
processes
underlie
drug
absorption,
distribution,
metabolism,
excretion
toxicity
(ADMET).
Focal
points
include
impact
life
stage
absorption
(A)
via
multiple
routes;
implications
fish's
unique
blood
pH
plasma
composition
distribution
(D)
molecules
throughout
body;
how
endothermic
nature
varied
expression
activity
drug-metabolizing
enzymes
tissues
affect
metabolism
(M);
physiologies
relative
contribution
different
excretory
organs
(E)
metabolites.
These
discussions
give
insight
into
where
existing
data
properties,
pharmacokinetics
pharmacodynamics
from
mammalian
clinical
studies
or
help
inform
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
44(2), P. 552 - 562
Published: Jan. 6, 2025
As
a
representative
agent
of
bicyclic
antidepressants,
venlafaxine
(VEN)
has
become
widely
used
worldwide
and
is
frequently
detected
in
surface
waters
with
concentrations
ranging
from
ng/L
to
µg/L.
To
evaluate
the
toxicological
effects
such
medications
on
aquatic
species,
studies
environmentally
relevant
are
essential.
Zebrafish
were
as
model
organism
assess
growth
development
larvae
examine
tissue
accumulation,
oxidative
stress,
DNA
methylation
adults.
The
results
showed
adverse
effects,
including
an
18.5%
decrease
embryo
hatching
rate
increase
mortality
by
18.5%.
There
was
also
reduction
body
length
(4.5%)
eye
area
(12.2%)
larvae,
along
abnormal
developmental
issues,
pericardial
edema,
yolk
sac
spinal
curvature.
Venlafaxine
its
metabolites
induced
leading
observable
toxic
effects.
In
adult
zebrafish,
VEN
O-desmethylvenlafaxine
(ODV)
accumulated
primarily
liver,
followed
brain
intestines,
caused
methyltransferase
activity,
hypomethylation.
had
most
significant
impact
1
altered
conformation
more
than
ODV.
Overall,
found
be
metabolites,
providing
scientific
basis
for
evaluating
ecological
risks
antidepressant
residues
organisms.
Scientific Reports,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(1)
Published: April 3, 2024
Abstract
Pharmaceutical
active
compounds
(PhACs)
are
some
of
the
most
recalcitrant
water
pollutants
causing
undesired
environmental
and
human
effects.
In
absence
adapted
decontamination
technologies,
there
is
an
urgent
need
to
develop
efficient
sustainable
alternatives
for
remediation.
Metal–organic
frameworks
(MOFs)
have
recently
emerged
as
promising
candidates
adsorbing
contaminants
well
providing
photoactive
sites,
they
possess
exceptional
porosity
chemical
versatility.
To
date,
reported
studies
using
MOFs
in
remediation
been
mainly
focused
on
removal
a
single
type
PhACs
rarely
combined
elimination
mixtures.
Herein,
eco-friendly
bismuth-based
MOF,
SU-101,
has
originally
proposed
adsorbent-photocatalyst
mixture
three
challenging
persistent
PhACs,
frequently
detected
wastewater
surface
ng
L
−1
mg·L
concentrations:
antibiotic
sulfamethazine
(SMT),
anti-inflammatory
diclofenac
(DCF),
antihypertensive
atenolol
(At).
Adsorption
experiments
revealed
that
SU-101
exhibited
great
adsorption
capacity
towards
At,
resulting
almost
complete
(94.1
±
0.8%
adsorption)
only
5
h.
Also,
demonstrated
remarkable
photocatalytic
activity
under
visible
light
simultaneously
degrade
DCF
SMT
(99.6
0.4%
89.2
1.4%,
respectively).
addition,
MOF-contaminant
interactions,
mechanism
degradation
pathways
were
investigated,
also
assessing
toxicity
products.
Even
further,
recycling
regeneration
performed,
demonstrating
its
reuse
4
consecutive
cycles
without
further
treatment,
subsequent
successful
by
simply
washing
material
with
NaCl
solution.
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
44(3), P. 737 - 750
Published: Jan. 6, 2025
Abstract
Warming
events
are
becoming
more
frequent
and
extreme
in
aquatic
environments
worldwide.
Concurrently,
many
polluted
with
biologically
active
compounds
such
as
pharmaceuticals.
Understanding
how
these
challenges
interact
is
critical
for
understanding
the
climate
crisis,
contaminants
may
modulate
ectotherms
respond
to
heat
stress
or
vice
versa.
One
potential
site
×
contaminant
interactions
mitochondrion,
which
central
metabolism,
implicated
thermal
tolerance,
evolutionarily
conserved.
Using
high-resolution
respirometry,
we
investigated
acute
warming
(to
35
°C,
40
45
°C
from
25
°C)
impacted
respiration,
coupling,
metabolic
capacity
of
liver
mitochondria
isolated
Nile
tilapia,
exposure
environmentally
relevant
levels
ubiquitous
antidepressant
venlafaxine
modulated
those
effects.
Mitochondria
exposed
hotter
temperatures
had
higher
respiration
rates
decreased
respiratory
control
ratio
compared
cooler
temperatures.
The
depressive
effects
on
through
complex
I
II
only
(State
3
State
4),
well
IV-linked
were
mild
except
high
temperatures,
suggesting
an
interactive
effect
exposure.
Finally,
found
that
maximal
enzyme
activity
intact
(represented
by
mitochondrial
respiration)
showed
a
different
pattern
response
its
underlying
components
(as
reflected
succinate
dehydrogenase
[complex
II]
cytochrome
c
oxidase
IV]),
demonstrating
value
incorporating
both
reductive
approaches
cope
anthropogenic
changes
environment.
