Demographic effects of sanitary policies on European vulture population dynamics: A retrospective modeling approach

Ecological Applications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 35(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Abstract The prediction of population responses to environmental changes, including the effects different management scenarios, is a useful tool and necessary contributor improving conservation decisions. Empirical datasets based on long‐term monitoring studies are essential assess robustness retrospective modeling predictions biodiversity. These allow checks performance projections enable improvements be made future models, errors detected. Here, we our earlier model impact vulture food shortages caused by sanitary regulations dynamics Spanish vultures during past decade (2009–2019). This forecasts trends three species (griffon, Egyptian, bearded vultures) in Spain (home 90% European population) under various shortage scenarios. We show that it underestimated griffon numbers overestimated Egyptian vultures. suggested most plausible scenario involved an approximate 50% reduction livestock carcass availability ecosystem compared with previous situation without removal. However, observed annual growth for period 2009–2019 (7.8% vulture, 2.4% 3.5% vulture) showed had little dynamics. After assessing model, developed new updated demographic parameters foraging movements hypothetical scenarios 2019–2029. increases about 3.6% 3.7% 1.1% Griffon vulture. Our findings suggest due implementation policies resulted only moderate growth, probably thanks supplementary feeding network which provided alternative food. Also important was sources (intensive farms, landfills) were used more regularly than expected. discuss computational approach its consequences improve measures these threatened species, provide services.

Language: Английский

---

Stereoselective bioaccumulation of chiral anticoagulant rodenticides in the liver of predatory and scavenging raptors

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 917, P. 170545 - 170545

Published: Jan. 29, 2024

Second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides (SGARs) are persistent chiral pesticides used to control rodent populations. Raptors protected species and may be exposed through the ingestion of rodents contaminated with SGARs. Commercial formulations SGARs a mixture four stereoisomers (E1, E2, E3, E4): cis- trans-diastereoisomers each racemic two enantiomers. In this study, residue levels all (bromadiolone, difenacoum, brodifacoum, difethialone, flocoumafen) were evaluated in liver 529 raptor carcasses. All (n = 18) 75 % individuals 396) SGAR positive 29 154) had summed hepatic concentrations above 100 ng/g ww. Concentrations higher for predators facultative scavenging behaviors than obligate scavengers. Bromadiolone, brodifacoum difenacoum equivalent prevalence (between 48.9 49.9 %), difethialone was detected less frequently (31.7 %). enantiomeric fractions described demonstrate biological enantioselectivity these food chain. A difference observed between proportions diastereoisomers commercial baits. The enantioselective bioaccumulation E1-trans-bromadiolone, E3-cis-brodifacoum, E1-cis-difenacoum E3-cis-difethialone characterized represented 96.8 total residues. While heterogeneous, homogeneous no inter-individual or inter-species differences (only E1-trans-bromadiolone is present residues). However, more scattered, probably due their slower elimination. This could provide an opportunity date exposure brodifacoum. We highlight need consider as molecular entities (four stereoisomers) rather one. These findings suggest new reduce secondary non-target species.

Language: Английский

---

Anticoagulant Rodenticide Toxicity in Terrestrial Raptors: Tools to Estimate the Impact on Populations in North America and Globally

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 43(5), P. 988 - 998

Published: Feb. 28, 2024

Abstract Anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) have caused widespread contamination and poisoning of predators scavengers. The diagnosis toxicity proceeds from evidence hemorrhage, subsequent detection residues in liver. Many factors confound the assessment AR poisoning, particularly exposure dose, timing frequency exposure, individual taxon-specific variables. There is a need, therefore, for better criteria. To respond, we compiled database second-generation anticoagulant rodenticide (SGAR) liver postmortem evaluations 951 terrestrial raptor carcasses Canada United States, 1989 to 2021. We developed mixed-effects logistic regression models produce specific probability curves ∑SGARs at taxonomic level family, separately three SGARs registered North America, brodifacoum, bromadiolone, difethialone. ∑SGAR threshold concentrations coagulopathy 0.20 risk were highest strigid owls (15 ng g−1) lower relatively similar accipitrid hawks eagles (8.2 falcons (7.9 g−1), much tytonid barn (0.32 g−1). These values are than those found previously, due compilation use larger with mix species source locations, also refinements statistical methods. Our presentation results on family should aid global applicability numbers. collated subset 440 single-compound events determined SGAR-poisoning symptoms as function SGAR concentration, which then used estimate relative toxic equivalence factors: difethialone, 1, 0.8, 0.5. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:988–998. © 2024 His Majesty King Right Authors. Environmental Toxicology Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC behalf SETAC Reproduced permission Minister Environment Climate Change Canada.

Language: Английский

---

Silent killers? The widespread exposure of predatory nocturnal birds to anticoagulant rodenticides

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 904, P. 166293 - 166293

Published: Aug. 14, 2023

Anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) influence predator populations and threaten the stability of ecosystems. Understanding prevalence impact in predators is crucial to inform conservation planning policy. We collected dead birds four nocturnal predatory species across differing landscapes: forests, agricultural, urban. Liver samples were analysed for eight ARs: three First Generation ARs (FGARs) five SGARs (Second ARs). investigated interspecific differences liver concentrations whether landscape composition influenced this. FGARs rarely detected, except pindone at low powerful owls Ninox strenua. SGARs, however, detected every 92 % analysed. Concentrations levels where potential toxicological or lethal impacts would have occurred 33 owls, 68 tawny frogmouths Podargus strigoides, 42 southern boobooks N. bookbook 80 barn Tyto javanica. When multiple likelihood potentially increased. There was no association between SGAR exposure, presence suggesting rodenticide poisoning ubiquitous all landscapes sampled. This widespread human-driven contamination wildlife a major threat health. Given high these types, we support formal consideration as threatening process. Furthermore, given that do not primarily eat rodents (tawny frogmouths, owls) comparable rodent (southern boobook, eastern owl), it appears there broader food-web than anticipated. provide evidence pose survival avian populations. functional importance ecosystems, combined with animal welfare chemicals, propose governments should regulate use SGARs.

Language: Английский

---

Medicated livestock carcasses and landfill sites: Sources of highly toxic veterinary pharmaceuticals and caffeine for avian scavengers

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 459, P. 132195 - 132195

Published: July 31, 2023

Language: Английский

---

Active monitoring of long-eared owl (Asio otus) nestlings reveals widespread exposure to anticoagulant rodenticides across different agricultural landscapes

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 918, P. 170492 - 170492

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

The widespread use of anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) poses a worldwide threat to farmland wildlife. These compounds accumulate in tissues both target and non-target species, potentially endangering direct consumers their predators. However, investigations on ARs blood free-ranging predatory birds are rare. Here, the long-eared owl (Asio otus) has been used as model predator assess AR exposure different agricultural landscapes from Mediterranean semiarid region. A total 69 owlets 38 nests were blood-sampled over 2021 2022, aiming detect residues explore factors that determine exposure, such land uses. In addition, prothrombin time (PT) test was conducted potential effects contamination. Overall, nearly all samples (98.6 %) tested positive for at least one compound multiple found most individuals (82.6 %). Among detected, flocoumafen common (88.4 % samples). concentration (ΣARs) ranged 0.06 34.18 ng mL

Language: Английский

---

Movement ecology of pre-adult Cinereous Vultures Aegypius monachus: insights from a reintroduced population

Bird Conservation International, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Summary Understanding the movement ecology of threatened species is fundamental to improving management and conservation actions for their protection, mainly during pre-adult stage particularly when a subject population reinforcement or reintroduction projects. An example case Cinereous Vulture Aegypius monachus on Iberian Peninsula, an endangered that has been reintroduced in different regions last two decades. Here, we explore differences between spatial Vultures, according age-class, sex, season (breeding non-breeding). We used GPS-tag data from 51 individuals into Catalonia (north-east Spain) describe use space, i.e. home-range size, core area, minimum convex polygon (MCP) patterns, cumulative distance, maximum displacement, daily dispersal, annual dispersal. Our study showed significant variation space patterns among birds influences age, season. Age was most influential factor, determining range areas patterns. Similar other vulture species, home increase with subadult vultures exhibiting larger ranges than young first year, juveniles, immature birds, but MCP measures were juveniles. Movement also influenced by juveniles making longer movements, followed immatures subadults (with similar values), shorter movements year life. Overall, males made explored smaller foraging females. Season had important effect dispersal breeding period (February–August). findings fill knowledge gap regarding behaviours information will enable improvement decisions.

Language: Английский

---

One Health approach and tiered strategy to assess anticoagulant rodenticides exposure in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from Central Italy

Environmental Pollution, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 126403 - 126403

Published: May 1, 2025

Language: Английский

---

Greater predisposition to second generation anticoagulant rodenticide exposure in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) weakened by suspected infectious disease

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 907, P. 167780 - 167780

Published: Oct. 19, 2023

Anticoagulant rodenticide (AR) exposure in wild carnivores is a current and global concern due to continuous widespread use worldwide. We studied the prevalence of ARs liver samples 25 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), 3 European badgers (Meles meles) 2 genets (Genneta genneta) from Alicante (Spanish Levante region) obtained 2021 2022. In addition trauma, poisoning by pesticides most frequent cause death this region. The present research aims explain possible association between fact suffering an infectious disease increase concentrations affected animals. Both first- second-generation were analysed HPLC/MS/TOF samples. Apart death, influence other variables such as age, sex body weight also assessed on AR concentrations. Potential health risks for individuals populations study area have been studied. Our detected higher group clinically diagnosed with compared apparently healthy foxes, mostly killed trauma. Furthermore, our results lead us suggest that fox could be considered good sentinel species risk mammals. All livers contained compounds difenacoum, bromadiolone, brodifacoum, all analysed, flocoumafen (in 96 %). Additionally, 53 % animals had at least one second generation anticoagulant (SGAR) above threshold value reported triggering adverse effects (200 ng/g). Regarding this, level might classified high worrying. Moreover, we weakened diseases (for example, or parasitic diseases) more prone rodenticides and, very probably, would sensitive serious lower doses ARs.

Language: Английский

---

Health risks associated with argasid ticks, transmitted pathogens, and blood parasites in Pyrenean griffon vulture (Gyps fulvus) nestlings

European Journal of Wildlife Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 69(6)

Published: Oct. 18, 2023

Abstract There is a knowledge gap in the study of Argasidae soft ticks and pathogens they can transmit. These hematophagous arthropods are widely distributed often considered typical bird ectoparasites. Tick-parasitized birds act not only as reservoir but also carry these pathogen-infected to new areas. Seven griffon vulture nestlings were sampled northeastern Spain, collecting ( n = 28) from two individuals blood each 7). Blood samples vultures tested PCR positive for Flavivirus (7/7), Anaplasma (6/7), piroplasms (4/7), Rickettsia (1/7). A total 27 28 analyzed , 9/28 2/28 piroplasms, 5/28 Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFv). Sequencing phylogenetic analyses confirmed presence spp., Babesia ardeae zoonotic phagocytophilum B. CCHFv genotype V ticks.

Language: Английский

---