Environmental profiles, hazard identification, and toxicological hallmarks of emerging tire rubber-related contaminants 6PPD and 6PPD-quinone

Environment International, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 187, P. 108677 - 108677

Published: April 21, 2024

N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) is commonly used in rubber compounds as antioxidants to protect against degradation from heat, oxygen, and ozone exposure. This practice extends the lifespan of products, including tires, by preventing cracking, aging, deterioration. However, environmental consequences waste generated during product use, particularly formation 6PPD-quinone (6PPD-Q) through reaction 6PPD with ozone, have raised significant concerns due their detrimental effects on ecosystems. Extensive research has revealed widespread occurrence its derivate 6PPD-Q various compartments, air, water, soil. The emerging substance been shown pose acute mortality long-term hazards aquatic terrestrial organisms at concentrations below environmentally relevant levels. Studies demonstrated toxic a range organisms, zebrafish, nematodes, mammals. These include neurobehavioral changes, reproductive dysfunction, digestive damage exposure pathways. Mechanistic insights suggest that mitochondrial stress, DNA adduct formation, disruption lipid metabolism contribute toxicity induced 6PPD-Q. Recent findings human samples, such blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, underscore importance further public health toxicological implications these compounds. distribution, fate, biological effects, underlying mechanisms environment highlight urgent need for additional understand address impacts

Language: Английский

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P-phenylenediamine antioxidants and their quinone derivatives: A review of their environmental occurrence, accessibility, potential toxicity, and human exposure

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 948, P. 174449 - 174449

Published: July 3, 2024

Language: Английский

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6-PPD quinone at environmentally relevant concentrations induced damage on longevity in C. elegans: Mechanistic insight from inhibition in mitochondrial UPR response

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 954, P. 176275 - 176275

Published: Sept. 13, 2024

Language: Английский

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p-Phenylenediamines and their derived quinones: A review of their environmental fate, human exposure, and biological toxicity

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 488, P. 137373 - 137373

Published: Jan. 25, 2025

Language: Английский

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Unveiling the effects of micro and nano plastics in embryonic development

Toxicology Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14, P. 101954 - 101954

Published: Feb. 20, 2025

The improper disposal and degradation of plastics causes the formation spread micro nano-sized plastic particles in ecosystem. widespread presence these nanoplastics leads to their accumulation biotic abiotic components environment, thereby affecting cellular metabolic functions organisms. Despite being classified as xenobiotic agents, information about sources exposure related reproductive health is limited. Micro nano during early developmental stages can cause abnormal embryonic development. It trigger neurotoxicity inflammatory responses well developing embryo. In development, a comprehensive study role pluripotency, gastrulation, multi-differentiation potential scarce. Due ethical concerns associated with direct use human embryos, pluripotent cells its 3D vitro models (with cell lines) are an alternative source for effective research. Thus, Embryoid body (EB) model provides platform conducting embryotoxicity Pluripotent stem such induced derived embryoid bodies (EBs) serve robust that mimics characteristics similar embryos. EB Accordingly, this review discusses significance Further, we also evaluated possible sources/routes microplastic generation analyzed surface chemistry cytotoxic effects reported till date.

Language: Английский

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Comparative effects of 6PPD and 6PPD-Quinone at environmentally relevant concentrations on hepatotoxicity, glucolipid metabolism and ferroptotic response in adult zebrafish

Environmental Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 275, P. 121386 - 121386

Published: March 12, 2025

Language: Английский

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Inhalation exposure to tire rubber particle-sourced pollutant 6PPD-quinone involving basolateral amygdala impairment in male ICR mice

Journal of Advanced Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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6-PPD quinone causes alteration in ubiquinone-mediated complex III associated with toxicity on mitochondrial function and longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans

Journal of environmental chemical engineering, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 116571 - 116571

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Nanoplastics and bisphenol A exposure alone or in combination induce hepatopancreatic damage and disturbances in carbohydrate metabolism in the Portunus trituberculatus

Aquatic Toxicology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 277, P. 107145 - 107145

Published: Nov. 8, 2024

Language: Английский

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Toxicity of tire rubber-derived pollutants 6PPD-quinone and 4-tert-octylphenol on marine plankton.

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 484, P. 136694 - 136694

Published: Nov. 29, 2024

Language: Английский

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