Structural Diversity, Characterization and Toxicology of Microcystins

Toxins, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 11(12), P. 714 - 714

Published: Dec. 7, 2019

Hepatotoxic microcystins (MCs) are the most widespread class of cyanotoxins and one that has often been implicated in cyanobacterial toxicosis. One main challenges studying monitoring MCs is great structural diversity within class. The full chemical structure first MC was elucidated early 1980s since then, number reported analogues grown steadily continues to do so, thanks largely advances analytical methodology. structures some these have definitively after isolation using a combination techniques including nuclear magnetic resonance, amino acid analysis, tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Others only tentatively identified liquid chromatography-MS/MS without isolation. An understanding MCs, genetic environmental controls for this impact on toxicity all essential ongoing study across several scientific disciplines. However, because range approaches taken characterizing them, comprehensive information state knowledge each areas can be challenging gather. We conducted an in-depth review literature surrounding identification known present here concise topics. At present, at least 279 tabulated here. Among these, about 20% (55 279) appear result or biochemical transformations occur environment during sample handling extraction cyanobacteria, oxidation products, methyl esters, post-biosynthetic metabolites. many also studied different deal variability observed between toxicities, even same congener. This will help clarify current as impacts toxicity, well identify gaps should addressed future research.

Language: Английский

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Occurrence and toxicity of microcystin congeners other than MC-LR and MC-RR: A review

Food and Chemical Toxicology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 125, P. 106 - 132

Published: Dec. 28, 2018

Language: Английский

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High ecological and human health risks from microcystins in vegetable fields in southern China

Environment International, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 133, P. 105142 - 105142

Published: Sept. 9, 2019

Frequent cyanobacterial blooms in the eutrophic waters produce a variety of toxins such as monocyclic heptapeptide microcystins, greatly harming aquatic ecosystems and human health. However, little information microcystins agricultural fields is known. This field study three common microcystin variants (MC-LR, MC-RR, MC-YR) vegetables (n = 161), soils 161) irrigation water samples 23) collected from southern China regions affected by cyanobacteria blooms, shows their prevalence with total concentrations up to 514 μg/L water, 187 μg/kg soil (dry weight) 382 vegetable (fresh weight). MC-RR was primary variant all types samples, accounting for 51.3-100% concentrations. Significant concentration-dependent correlations (p < 0.05) demonstrated that microcystin-contained were major source accumulation both soils. Meanwhile, intracellular-microcystins found play an important role bioaccumulation first time. Most (≥60%), particularly celery posed moderate or high health risk via diet based on toxicity equivalents reference dose MC-LR (0.04 μg/kg/d), showing food safety hidden dangers. Soil especially 46.4-88.3% could pose ecological risks. highlights potential risks real soil-vegetable systems areas implying profound significance urgent need investigation terrestrial ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Florida’s Harmful Algal Bloom (HAB) Problem: Escalating Risks to Human, Environmental and Economic Health With Climate Change

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: June 17, 2021

Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) pose unique risks to the citizens, stakeholders, visitors, environment and economy of state Florida. Florida has been historically subjected reoccurring blooms toxic marine dinoflagellate Karenia brevis (C. C. Davis) G. Hansen &amp; Moestrup since at least first contact with explorers in 1500’s. However, ongoing immigration more than 100,000 people year –1 into state, elevated population densities coastal areas attendant rapid, often unregulated development, eutrophication, climate change impacts (e.g., increasing hurricane severity, increases water temperature, ocean acidification sea level rise) likely increased occurrence other HABs, both freshwater marine, within as well number impacted by these blooms. Currently, over 75 freshwater, estuarine, HAB species are routinely monitored agencies. While only K. , Pyrodinium bahamense (Böhm) Steidinger, Tester, Taylor diatom Pseudo-nitzschia spp. have resulted closure commercial shellfish beds, species, including cyanobacteria, either imminent or unknown human, environmental economic health. related human health can be classified those consumption contaminated finfish, bloom toxin exposure aerosolized toxins. acute illnesses resulting from brevetoxin-, saxitoxin-, domoic acid-contaminated minimized effective monitoring regulation, due exposures, e.g., ciguatoxins cyanotoxins, not documented understood. Aerosolized toxins potentially impact largest short-term (days weeks) brevetoxin decreased respiratory function for at-risk subgroups such asthmatics), little is known longer term (&gt;1 month) posed cyanotoxin [e.g., microcystin, β- N -methylamino- L -alanine (BMAA)] exposure. Environmental best studied HABs include significant dies-offs fish, mammals, seabirds turtles, negative on larval juvenile stages many biota. When present, brevetoxins found throughout column widespread pelagic benthic The presence living tissue fish mammals suggests that food web transfer occurring, transport beyond spatial temporal range may occur regularly Climate impacts, temperature effects cell metabolism, shifting circulation patterns changes duration, exacerbate dynamics. Secondary also possible hypoxia anoxia biomass and/or decomposition mortalities. Economic diverse multiple stakeholder groups. Direct costs hospital visits) recreational fisheries significant, especially wide-spread sustained HABs. Recreational tourism-based industries which sustain a portion Florida’s vulnerable direct declines hotel occupancy rates restaurant users) indirect publicity associated job losses) established, remains susceptible future large scale management practices, degrading quality, potential between systems state’s vulnerability impacts.

Language: Английский

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Update on the adverse effects of microcystins on the liver

Environmental Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 195, P. 110890 - 110890

Published: Feb. 20, 2021

Language: Английский

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Recombinant antibodies and their use for food immunoanalysis

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 414(1), P. 193 - 217

Published: Aug. 21, 2021

Language: Английский

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Advances in investigating microcystin-induced liver toxicity and underlying mechanisms

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 905, P. 167167 - 167167

Published: Sept. 18, 2023

Language: Английский

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Cyanotoxins and Food Contamination in Developing Countries: Review of Their Types, Toxicity, Analysis, Occurrence and Mitigation Strategies

Toxins, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(11), P. 786 - 786

Published: Nov. 6, 2021

Cyanotoxins have gained global public interest due to their potential bioaccumulate in food, which threatens human health. Bloom formation is usually enhanced under Mediterranean, subtropical and tropical climates are the dominant climate types developing countries. In this context, we present an up-to-date overview of cyanotoxins (types, toxic effects, analysis, occurrence, mitigation) with a special focus on contamination (sea)food from all countries Africa, Asia, Latin America as has received less attention. A total 65 publications been found (from 2000 until October 2021) reporting by one or more seafood edible plants (five papers). Only Brazil China conducted research cyanotoxin food comparison other The majority focused detection microcystins using different analytical methods. detected levels mostly surpassed provisional tolerable daily intake limit set World Health Organization, indicating real risk exposed population. Assessment foods still requires further investigations conducting survey studies, especially simultaneous multiple categories food.

Language: Английский

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Health risk assessment of lake water contaminated with microcystins for fruit crop irrigation and farm animal drinking

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 30(33), P. 80234 - 80244

Published: June 9, 2023

Abstract The health risks linked to the consumption of microcystin-accumulating crops have been increasing worldwide in toxic cyanobloom-occurring regions. bioaccumulation microcystins (MCs) agricultural produce at environmentally realistic concentrations is poorly investigated. In this field study, we assessed MCs raw water used for irrigating fruit (bioaccumulation) and watering farm animals Lalla Takerkoust region (Marrakesh, Morocco). Thus, were extracted from samples quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay order calculate risk indicators. posed a high health-risk level poultry horses, with estimated daily intakes (EDI) being 14- 19-fold higher than recommended limits (3.1 2.3 μg MC-LR L −1 ), respectively. Furthermore, pomegranate same risk, EDI 22- 53-fold limit dose (0.04 kg ) adults children, There was an urgent need guidelines regarding use management MC-polluted areas, besides setup nature-based tools toxin removal farming practices. Moreover, could contaminate human food chain, which implies further investigations their potential accumulation livestock- poultry-based food.

Language: Английский

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Environmental microcystin targets the microbiome and increases the risk of intestinal inflammatory pathology via NOX2 in underlying murine model of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: June 19, 2019

With increased climate change pressures likely to influence harmful algal blooms, exposure microcystin, a known hepatotoxin and byproduct of cyanobacterial blooms can be risk factor for NAFLD associated comorbidities. Using both in vivo vitro experiments we show that microcystin mice cause rapid alteration gut microbiome, rise bacterial genus mediating inflammation lactate production. Changes the microbiome were strongly with inflammatory pathology intestine, leaching, tight junction protein alterations oxidative tyrosyl radicals. Increased producing bacteria from altered was NOX-2, an NADPH oxidase isoform. Activationof NOX2 caused inflammasome activation as shown by NLRP3/ASCII NLRP3/Casp-1 colocalizations these cells while use lacking crucial component attenuated redox changes. Mechanistically, mediated peroxynitrite species primary release mediators. Thus, conclusion, could significantly alter intestinal especially effects on resultant status thus advancing our understanding co-existence NAFLD-linked bowel disease phenotypes clinic.

Language: Английский

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