Biosensors,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
11(12), P. 525 - 525
Published: Dec. 20, 2021
The
eutrophication
of
lakes
and
rivers
without
adequate
rainfall
leads
to
excessive
growth
cyanobacterial
harmful
algal
blooms
(CyanoHABs)
that
produce
toxicants,
green
tides,
unpleasant
odors.
rapid
CyanoHABs
owing
global
warming,
climate
change,
the
development
rainforests
dams
considering
environmental
concern
towards
is
a
serious
issue.
Humans
livestock
consuming
toxicant-contaminated
water
originated
from
suffer
severe
health
problems.
Among
various
toxicants
produced
by
CyanoHABs,
microcystins
(MCs)
are
most
harmful.
Excess
accumulation
MC
within
living
organisms
can
result
in
liver
failure
hepatocirrhosis,
eventually
leading
death.
Therefore,
it
essential
precisely
detect
MCs
samples.
To
date,
liquid
chromatography-mass
spectrometry
(LC-MS)
enzyme-linked
immunosorbent
assay
(ELISA)
have
been
standard
methods
for
detection
provide
precise
results
with
high
reliability.
However,
these
require
heavy
instruments
complicated
operation
steps
could
hamper
portability
field-readiness
system.
order
this
goal
be
achieved,
biosensor
has
attracted
powerful
alternative
detection.
Thus
far,
several
types
proposed
freshwater
sample.
introduction
material
useful
option
improve
performance
construct
new
biosensors.
Introducing
nanomaterials
interface
provides
phenomena
or
enhances
sensitivity.
In
recent
times,
different
nanomaterials,
such
as
metallic,
carbon-based,
transition
metal
dichalcogenide-based
developed
used
fabricate
biosensors
This
study
reviews
advancements
nanomaterial-based
Trends in Food Science & Technology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
129, P. 1 - 10
Published: Sept. 6, 2022
Microplastics
(MPs)
contaminate
the
global
marine
and
terrestrial
ecosystems.
This
environmental
contamination
can
enter
food
chain,
with
MPs
found
in
drinking
water,
fishery
products
other
categories.
Consequently,
ingestion
is
considered
main
route
of
human
exposure
to
MPs.
Concerns
exist
on
potential
act
as
vectors
for
pathogenic
bacteria,
possibly
threatening
microbial
safety.
Starting
from
current
evidence
foodborne
pathogens
associated
MPs,
we
review
state
knowledge
putative
role
enhancing
harmful
bacterial
traits
transporting
them
humans.
Finally,
focus
simultaneous
uptake
gut.
Overall,
identify
major
gaps,
both
mechanisms
possible
health
outcomes.
The
scarce
inconclusive
results
regarding
effect
virulence
evolution,
together
insufficient
about
attachment
toxins
highlight
need
further
studies.
We
conclude
that
biofilm-coated
foodstuffs
may
pose
several
risks
safety,
but
research
will
be
essential
determine
extent
their
health.
Toxins,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
15(3), P. 233 - 233
Published: March 21, 2023
Cyanobacteria
produce
a
wide
range
of
structurally
diverse
cyanotoxins
and
bioactive
cyanopeptides
in
freshwater,
marine,
terrestrial
ecosystems.
The
health
significance
these
metabolites,
which
include
genotoxic-
neurotoxic
agents,
is
confirmed
by
continued
associations
between
the
occurrence
animal
human
acute
toxic
events
and,
long
term,
cyanobacteria
neurodegenerative
diseases.
Major
mechanisms
related
to
neurotoxicity
compounds
(1)
blocking
key
proteins
channels;
(2)
inhibition
essential
enzymes
mammalian
cells
such
as
protein
phosphatases
phosphoprotein
well
new
molecular
targets
toll-like
receptors
4
8.
One
widely
discussed
implicated
includes
misincorporation
cyanobacterial
non-proteogenic
amino
acids.
Recent
research
provides
evidence
that
non-proteinogenic
acid
BMAA
produced
have
multiple
effects
on
translation
process
bypasses
proof-reading
ability
aminoacyl-tRNA-synthetase.
Aberrant
generated
non-canonical
may
be
factor
neuronal
death
neurodegeneration.
We
hypothesize
production
acids
more
general
mechanism,
leading
mistranslation,
affecting
homeostasis,
targeting
mitochondria
eukaryotic
cells.
It
can
evolutionarily
ancient
initially
developed
control
phytoplankton
communities
during
algal
blooms.
Outcompeting
gut
symbiotic
microorganisms
lead
dysbiosis,
increased
permeability,
shift
blood-brain-barrier
functionality,
eventually,
mitochondrial
dysfunction
high-energy
demanding
neurons.
A
better
understanding
interaction
metabolism
nervous
system
will
crucial
target
or
prevent
Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16(3), P. 233 - 241
Published: June 21, 2024
Abstract
The
impacts
of
climate
change
on
cyanobacterial
harmful
algal
blooms
(cHABs)
are
paramount,
promoting
the
widespread
distribution,
intensity,
and
toxicity
these
phenomena
in
major
freshwater
bodies
across
globe.
Microcystins
(MCs)
nodularins
(NODs)
monocyclic
peptides
that
produce
hepatotoxic
effects
living
organisms.
Despite
efforts
understanding
their
molecular
toxicological
mechanisms,
we
do
not
fully
have
a
grasp
human
health
associated
with
toxins
derived
from
cHABs.
We
seek
to
provide
current
update
epidemiology
MCs
NODs,
integrating
key
evidence
vitro,
vivo,
epidemiological
studies.
primary
objective
this
work
is
understand
MC
NOD-producing
Biotechnology Advances,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
68, P. 108235 - 108235
Published: Aug. 10, 2023
Cyanotoxins
are
by
definition
"harmful
agents"
produced
cyanobacteria.
Their
toxicity
has
been
extensively
studied
and
reviewed
over
the
years.
have
commonly
classified,
based
on
their
poisonous
effects
mammals,
into
three
main
classes,
neurotoxins,
hepatotoxins
dermatotoxins,
and,
considering
chemical
features,
mainly
identified
as
peptides,
alkaloids
lipopolysaccharides.
Here
we
propose
a
broader
subdivision
of
cyanotoxins
eight
distinct
taking
account
molecular
structures,
biosynthesis
modes
action:
alkaloids,
non-ribosomal
polyketides,
non-protein
amino
acids,
indole
organophosphates,
lipopeptides
lipoglycans.
For
each
class,
structures
primary
mechanisms
representative
reported.
Despite
powerful
biological
activities,
only
recently
scientists
considered
biotechnological
potential
cyanotoxins,
applications
both
in
medical
industrial
settings,
even
if
few
these
reached
biotech
market.
In
this
perspective,
discuss
uses
anticancer,
antimicrobial,
biocidal
agents,
common
for
cytotoxic
compounds.
Furthermore,
action,
describe
peculiar
bioactivities
several
cyanotoxin
such
local
anaesthetics,
antithrombotics,
neuroplasticity
promoters,
immunomodulating
antifouling
agents.
review,
aim
to
stimulate
research
beneficial
roles
which
require
interdisciplinary
cooperation
facilitate
discovery
innovative
biotechnologies.