The impact of urban mobility on air pollution in Kampala, an exemplar sub-Saharan African city

Atmospheric Pollution Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(4), P. 102057 - 102057

Published: Jan. 20, 2024

This paper analyses the impact of urban mobility (UM) on air pollution by studying effects an intervention local quality. The study focuses PM2.5 level in Kampala, capital Uganda, and considers COVID-19 as unintentional intervention. city was obtained from a network low-cost calibrated sensors, while UM is characterized open-access Google reports. period under consideration excludes weeks immediately before after first lockdown. data were deweathered using machine learning technique random forest (RF) to exclude variation meteorological factors, seasonality, weekday-weekend effect, then pandemic parametrised. traffic pattern discussed, mass clustering polar plots are used analyse distribution long- short-range sources, respectively. percentage change baseline (PCfB) average dimensions assessed against that investigate level. Our analysis shows strong correlation between roadside levels weaker relationship with levels. profile long-range emission sources consistent over period, more than 61% modelled masses arrived Kampala passing Kenya Tanzania. Overall, reduced about 10%, which relatively small compared other cities have been studied around world.

Language: Английский

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Prospects and challenges of sensor materials: A comprehensive review

e-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering Electronics and Energy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7, P. 100496 - 100496

Published: March 1, 2024

Sensor materials have become more important in several industries as they facilitate the development of advanced sensing technologies modern day. These materials, specifically engineered to transform physical, chemical, or biological stimuli into quantifiable signals, play a crucial role gathering vital data for controlling, monitoring, and making informed decisions. It is essential comprehend obstacles prospects linked sensor given escalating demand systems that are both efficient versatile. The qualities material refer its capacity detect quantify alterations surroundings. properties encompass range approaches, including optical, piezoelectric, capacitive, resistive interactions. Although these utilized various such transportation, medicine, agriculture, industrial operations, environmental persistent issues still related improved reaction speed, selectivity, sensitivity. Nevertheless, outlook seems optimistic, current research advancements anticipated result exhibit enhanced performance, durability, energy economy. Developing nanomaterials sophisticated production processes facilitates potential creating highly selective sensitive sensors with new functionalities. This advancement contributes growth Internet Things (IoT) applications massive collection, leading automation decision-making capabilities. review article examines recent advancements, applications, while also discussing encounter opportunities enable them significantly impact multiple society.

Language: Английский

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Investigation of LASSO Regression Method as a Correction Measurements’ Factor for Low-Cost Air Quality Sensors

Signals, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(1), P. 60 - 86

Published: Feb. 2, 2024

Air quality is a subject of study, particularly in densely populated areas, as it has been shown to affect human health and the local ecosystem. In recent years, with rapid development technology, low-cost sensors have emerged, many people interested air their area turning procurement such they are affordable. The reliability measurements from remains question research community. this paper, determination correction factor sensor by applying least absolute shrinkage selection operator (LASSO) regression method investigated. results promising, following application determined through LASSO adjusted exhibit closer alignment reference measurements. This approach ensures that become more reliable trustworthy.

Language: Английский

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Long-term evaluation of commercial air quality sensors: an overview from the QUANT (Quantification of Utility of Atmospheric Network Technologies) study

Atmospheric measurement techniques, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(12), P. 3809 - 3827

Published: June 26, 2024

Abstract. In times of growing concern about the impacts air pollution across globe, lower-cost sensor technology is giving first steps in helping to enhance our understanding and ability manage quality issues, particularly regions without established monitoring networks. While benefits greater spatial coverage real-time measurements that these systems offer are evident, challenges still need be addressed regarding reliability data quality. Given limitations imposed by intellectual property, commercial implementations often “black boxes”, which represents an extra challenge as it limits end users' production process. this paper we present overview QUANT (Quantification Utility Atmospheric Network Technologies) study, a comprehensive 3-year assessment range urban environments United Kingdom, evaluating 43 devices, including 119 gas sensors 118 particulate matter (PM) sensors, from multiple companies. stands out one most studies carried date, encompassing wide variety companies single evaluation two generations technologies. Integrated into extensive dataset open public, was designed provide long-term precision, accuracy stability commercially available systems. To attain nuanced performance, have complemented commonly used single-value metrics (e.g. coefficient determination, R2; root mean square error, RMSE; absolute MAE) with visual tools. These include regression plots, relative expanded uncertainty (REU) plots target enhancing analysis beyond traditional metrics. This discusses methodology key findings showcasing significance study. more analyses reserved for future detailed publications, results shown here highlight significant variation between systems, incidence corrections made manufacturers, effects relocation different behaviour Additionally, importance accounting uncertainties associated reference instruments evaluations emphasised. Practical considerations application real-world scenarios also discussed, potential solutions end-user presented. Offering information systems' capabilities, study will serve valuable resource those seeking implement complementary tools tackle pollution.

Language: Английский

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Toward Clean Residential Energy: Challenges and Priorities in Research

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 55(20), P. 13602 - 13613

Published: Oct. 1, 2021

Solid fuels used for cooking, heating, and lighting are major emission sources of many air pollutants, specifically PM2.5 black carbon, resulting in adverse environmental health impacts. At the same time, transition from using residential solid toward cleaner energy can result significant benefits. Here, we briefly review recent research progress on emissions pollutants sector impacts ambient indoor quality, population exposure, consequences. The challenges future priorities identified discussed.

Language: Английский

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Research Priorities of Applying Low-Cost PM2.5 Sensors in Southeast Asian Countries

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(3), P. 1522 - 1522

Published: Jan. 28, 2022

The low-cost and easy-to-use nature of rapidly developed PM

Language: Английский

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Field calibration of low-cost particulate matter sensors using artificial neural networks and affine response correction

Measurement, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 230, P. 114529 - 114529

Published: March 19, 2024

Due to detrimental effects of atmospheric particulate matter (PM), its accurate monitoring is paramount importance, especially in densely populated urban areas. However, precise measurement PM levels requires expensive and sophisticated equipment. Although low-cost alternatives are gaining popularity, their reliability questionable, attributed sensitivity environmental conditions, inherent instability, manufacturing imperfections. The objectives this paper include (i) introduction an innovative approach field calibration for sensors using artificial intelligence methods, (ii) implementation the procedure involving optimized neural network (ANN) combined multiplicative additive correction sensor readings, (iii) demonstrating efficacy presented technique a custom-designed portable platform reference data acquired from public stations. results obtained through comprehensive experiments conducted aforementioned demonstrate remarkable accuracy calibrated sensor, with correlation coefficients 0.86 PM1 PM2.5, 0.76 PM10 (particles categorized as having diameter equal or less than 1 μm, 2.5 10 respectively), along low RMSE values only 3.1, 4.1, 4.9 µg/m3.

Language: Английский

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Calibration Methods for Low-Cost Particulate Matter Sensors Considering Seasonal Variability

Sensors, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(10), P. 3023 - 3023

Published: May 10, 2024

Many countries use low-cost sensors for high-resolution monitoring of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) to manage public health. To enhance the accuracy sensors, studies have been conducted calibrate them considering environmental variables. Previous considered various variables seasonal variations in PM concentration but limitations properly accounting variability. This study meridian altitude account concentration. In PM10 calibration, we calibrated PM2.5 as a subset PM10. validate proposed methodology, used feedforward neural network, support vector machine, generalized additive model, stepwise linear regression algorithms analyze results different combinations input The inclusion enhanced explanatory power calibration model. For PM2.5, combination relative humidity, temperature, yielded best performance, with an average R2 0.93 root mean square error 5.6 µg/m3. PM10, absolute percentage decreased from 27.41% 18.55% when further 15.35% was added.

Language: Английский

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Designing State‐of‐the‐Art Gas Sensors: From Fundamentals to Applications

The Chemical Record, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(3)

Published: Feb. 14, 2024

Abstract Gas sensors are crucial in environmental monitoring, industrial safety, and medical diagnostics. Due to the rising demand for precise reliable gas detection, there is a cutting‐edge that possess exceptional sensitivity, selectivity, stability. their tunable electrical properties, high‐density surface‐active sites, significant surface‐to‐volume ratio, nanomaterials have been extensively investigated this regard. The traditional utilize homogeneous material sensing where adsorbed surface oxygen species play vital role activity. However, performance selective still unsatisfactory because employed high temperature leads poor heterostructures can easily tune different energy band structures, work functions, charge carrier concentration polarity, interfacial alignments be precisely designed high‐performance at low temperature. In review article, we discuss detail fundamentals of semiconductor along with mechanisms. Further, highlight existed challenges sensing. addition, recent advancements sensor design applications from perspective. Finally, conclusion future perspectives improvement discussed.

Language: Английский

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Indoor environment monitoring system tested in a living lab

Building and Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 214, P. 108879 - 108879

Published: Feb. 7, 2022

Language: Английский

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