Journal of Water and Health,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
22(10), P. 1972 - 1987
Published: Sept. 21, 2024
ABSTRACT
Persistent
exposure
to
arsenic,
chromium,
cadmium,
lead,
and
selenium
in
drinking
water
above
permissible
levels
poses
significant
health
risks,
including
increased
incidences
of
skin,
lung,
bladder,
kidney
cancers.
This
study
evaluated
34
samples
from
Rupnagar
district,
Punjab,
for
heavy
metal
content.
Health
risks
were
assessed
using
hazard
quotient
(HQ)
chronic
daily
intake
metrics.
Aluminium
concentrations
highest
Block
Nurpur
Bedi
(36.43
mg/L).
Arsenic
Ropar
Anandpur
Sahib
0.09
0.068
mg/L,
respectively.
Cadmium
was
(0.041
Morinda
had
the
concentration
(0.0038
Lead
detected
across
all
blocks,
peaking
Chamkaur
(2.176
The
HQ
exceeded
unity
nearly
areas,
indicating
aluminium,
lead.
index
(2.66)
adults.
Incremental
Life
Cancer
Risk
(ILCR)
values
indicated
a
high
cancer
risk
lead
blocks.
One-way
analysis
variance
revealed
differences
among
Fe,
As,
Al
(p
<
0.05).
findings
underscore
need
targeted
treatment
technologies
policies
mitigate
contamination
its
impacts
Punjab.
Journal of Water and Health,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
22(10), P. 1972 - 1987
Published: Sept. 21, 2024
ABSTRACT
Persistent
exposure
to
arsenic,
chromium,
cadmium,
lead,
and
selenium
in
drinking
water
above
permissible
levels
poses
significant
health
risks,
including
increased
incidences
of
skin,
lung,
bladder,
kidney
cancers.
This
study
evaluated
34
samples
from
Rupnagar
district,
Punjab,
for
heavy
metal
content.
Health
risks
were
assessed
using
hazard
quotient
(HQ)
chronic
daily
intake
metrics.
Aluminium
concentrations
highest
Block
Nurpur
Bedi
(36.43
mg/L).
Arsenic
Ropar
Anandpur
Sahib
0.09
0.068
mg/L,
respectively.
Cadmium
was
(0.041
Morinda
had
the
concentration
(0.0038
Lead
detected
across
all
blocks,
peaking
Chamkaur
(2.176
The
HQ
exceeded
unity
nearly
areas,
indicating
aluminium,
lead.
index
(2.66)
adults.
Incremental
Life
Cancer
Risk
(ILCR)
values
indicated
a
high
cancer
risk
lead
blocks.
One-way
analysis
variance
revealed
differences
among
Fe,
As,
Al
(p
<
0.05).
findings
underscore
need
targeted
treatment
technologies
policies
mitigate
contamination
its
impacts
Punjab.