Assessing the emergence time of SARS-CoV-2 zoonotic spillover

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(4), P. e0301195 - e0301195

Published: April 4, 2024

Understanding the evolution of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and its relationship to other coronaviruses in wild is crucial for preventing future virus outbreaks. While origin SARS-CoV-2 pandemic remains uncertain, mounting evidence suggests direct involvement bat pangolin genome. To unravel early days a probable zoonotic spillover event, we analyzed genomic data from various coronavirus strains both human hosts. Bayesian phylogenetic analysis was performed using multiple datasets, strict relaxed clock evolutionary models estimate occurrence times key speciation, gene transfer, recombination events affecting closest relatives. We found strong supporting presence temporal structure datasets containing variants, enabling us time between August October 2019. In contrast, without variants provided mixed results terms structure. However, they allowed establish that statistically robust clade phylogenies S receptor-binding (RBD) domain, including two (BANAL) Guangdong (CoVs), due horizontal transfer this CoV occurred middle 2018. Importantly, closely located phylogenies. This proximity had been explained by an RBD very recent ancestor some earlier works field before BANAL were discovered. Overall, our study provides valuable insights into timeline dynamics pandemic.

Language: Английский

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Bat coronavirus surveillance across different habitats in Yucatán, México

Virology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 603, P. 110401 - 110401

Published: Jan. 10, 2025

Language: Английский

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The Contentious Origins of SARS-CoV-2: A Comprehensive Review of Current Knowledge

Published: Feb. 11, 2025

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in late 2019 triggered a global pandemic (COVID-19) that has claimed millions lives and continues to impact public health systems worldwide. This review examines current scientific evidence regarding the virus's origins, focusing on two primary hypotheses: zoonotic spillover laboratory-related emergence. A comprehensive analysis peer-reviewed literature published between December 2023 January 2025 was conducted, identifying relevant studies through searches PubMed Scopus databases. revealed strong phylogenetic supporting natural origin, with several indicating close genetic relationships bat coronaviruses. Environmental sampling data from Huanan Seafood Market detected RNA high number environmental samples animal stalls. While preponderance supports spillover, absence definitively identified intermediate host maintains some uncertainty. concludes evidence-based recommendations for enhanced viral surveillance, implementation One Health approaches, strengthened international collaboration frameworks prevent future coronavirus pandemics.

Language: Английский

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The Contentious Origins of SARS-CoV-2: A Comprehensive Review of Current Knowledge

Published: Feb. 17, 2025

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in late 2019 triggered a global pandemic (COVID-19) that has claimed millions lives and continues to impact public health systems worldwide. This review examines current scientific evidence regarding the virus's origins, focusing on two primary hypotheses: zoonotic spillover laboratory-related emergence. A comprehensive analysis peer-reviewed literature primarily published between December 2023 January 2025 was conducted, identifying relevant studies through searches PubMed Scopus databases. Key earlier publications are also included provide essential background context. revealed strong phylogenetic supporting natural origin, with several indicating close genetic relationships bat coronaviruses. Environmental sampling data from Huanan Seafood Market detected RNA high number environmental samples animal stalls. While preponderance supports spillover, absence definitively identified intermediate host maintains some uncertainty. concludes evidence-based recommendations for enhanced viral surveillance, implementation One Health approaches, strengthened international collaboration frameworks prevent future coronavirus pandemics.

Language: Английский

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The Contentious Origins of SARS-CoV-2: A Comprehensive Review of Current Knowledge

Published: Feb. 19, 2025

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in late 2019 triggered a global pandemic (COVID-19) that has claimed millions lives and continues to impact public health systems worldwide. This review examines current scientific evidence regarding the virus's origins, focusing on two primary hypotheses: zoonotic spillover laboratory-related emergence. A comprehensive analysis peer-reviewed literature primarily published between December 2023 January 2025 was conducted, identifying relevant studies through searches PubMed Scopus databases. Key earlier publications are also included provide essential background context. revealed strong phylogenetic supporting natural origin, with several indicating close genetic relationships bat coronaviruses. Environmental sampling data from Huanan Seafood Market detected RNA high number environmental samples animal stalls. While preponderance supports spillover, absence definitively identified intermediate host maintains some uncertainty. concludes evidence-based recommendations for enhanced viral surveillance, implementation One Health approaches, strengthened international collaboration frameworks prevent future coronavirus pandemics.

Language: Английский

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A rapid ecologic analysis, confirmed by a case–control study, identifies class I HLA alleles correlated to the risk of COVID-19

Journal of Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: March 10, 2025

Several studies suggest that the heterogeneous spread of SARS-CoV-2 pandemics started on December 2019 could be partially upheld by prevalence permissive class I HLA alleles in specific populations. Such are fact unable to shape an efficient anti-viral immune-response hosts or sustain exaggerated inflammatory T cell mediated response responsible for COVID-19 disease. We previously reported ecologic correlation between risk spreading across Italy and germinal expression HLA-C*01 -B*44 inter intraregional populations along first wave. Considering has undergone multiple adaptative mutations since beginning related a natural immunization worldwide campaign anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, we have carried out further analyses evaluate whether predictive value HLA-allele gene incidence changed with time four waves Italy. To this purpose study followed case–control study. | Our data revealed direct HLA-C*01, HLA-B*44 was completely lost just after wave On contrary, HLA-B*49 allele emerged as inversely correlated considered protective factor. The statistical significance progressively enforced each subsequent until February 2022. following two Regions Campania Calabria confirmed (OR = 0.289; p 0.041), although is adjustment logistic regression model. analysis also detected HLA-alleles whose strongly risk: HLA-B*08 (ORadj 3.193; 0.015); -B*14:01 3.596; 0.018); -B*15:01 5.124; 0.001); -B*35 2.972; 0.002). not only identifies but exemplifies rapid inexpensive approach can used identify individuals needing prioritization during vaccination campaigns.

Language: Английский

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Modelling COVID-19 with a SIR Variant Using Real-World Data: A Case Study in Brazil

Lecture notes in computer science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 34 - 51

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Natural Spillover Risk and Disease Outbreaks: Is Over-Simplification Putting Public Health at Risk?

Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: April 24, 2025

The pandemic prevention, preparedness and response (PPPR) agenda is currently dominating international public health. International agencies including the World Health Organization Bank are proposing an unprecedented level of funding that will inevitably have broad consequences across health society. Arguments supporting policy heavily based on premise risk rapidly increasing, driven in particular by passage pathogens from animal reservoirs to establish transmission human population; 'zoonotic spillover'. Proposed drivers for increasing spillover mostly environmental change attributed anthropogenic origin, deforestation, agricultural expansion intensification, changes climate. Much literature, reports published peer-reviewed papers, offers support fundamental premised definitive statements indeed underlying main reason this, these remediable. However, many assumptions poorly supported cited over-simplifying a highly complex set ecological interactions. This picture further complicated unevenly evolving capacity pathogen detection notification. Public incorrect overly simplified analyses likely lead designed interventions poor outcomes. If we deal effectively with outbreak within context competing priorities, there urgent need re-evaluate current outbreaks available evidence address continuing major gaps knowledge.

Language: Английский

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Characteristics of humoral and cellular responses to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) inactivated vaccine in central China: A prospective, multicenter, longitudinal study

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: March 3, 2023

In China, the long-term immunogenicity and adverse effects of inactivated vaccines produced by different or same manufacturer remain unclear. Therefore, objective this study was to evaluate cellular immune responses neutralizing antibody kinetics homologous heterologous administrations an coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine 240 days after second vaccination.This prospective, multicenter, observational, longitudinal involved 595 participants with a negative SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction result who were serologically tested followed for 8 months vaccination. Neutralizing antibodies, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-6, CD4+ T-lymphocyte, B-lymphocyte counts evaluated in serum samples stimulation 2 μg/mL spike protein 16 h at follow-up intervals months.Most [582/595; 146 male participants, 449 female participants; mean age 35 (26-50 years)] rapidly developed antibodies two doses administered 3-weeks apart. The positive rate peaked 97.7% 60-90 days, decreased, stabilized 82.9% 181-240 post-vaccination. Lower concentrations correlated older age, longer duration vaccination, non-health care workers, mixed-manufacturer vaccinations, less than 40 between whereas lower IFN-γ levels associated blood type A, workers. A higher IL-6 level medical staff. Adverse reactions mild moderate self-limited, no serious events reported.Two Chinese induced robust rapid expression responses. Boosting vaccination is considered important, as reduced susceptible populations.

Language: Английский

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Range area and the fast–slow continuum of life history traits predict pathogen richness in wild mammals

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Nov. 18, 2023

Abstract Surveillance of pathogen richness in wildlife is needed to identify host species with a high risk zoonotic disease spillover. While several predictors hosts have been proposed, their relative importance has not formally examined. This hampers our ability potential reservoirs, particularly remote areas limited surveillance efforts. Here we analyzed 14 proposed using ensemble modeling and dataset 1040 the most important wild mammal species. After controlling for research effort, larger geographic range area was identified be associated higher richness. We found evidence duality relationship between fast–slow continuum life-history traits richness, where increases near extremities. Taxonomic orders Carnivora, Proboscidea, Artiodactyla, Perissodactyla were predicted The top three highest by model Canis lupus , Sus scrofa Alces alces. Our results can help support evidence-informed reservoir management prevent emergence future diseases.

Language: Английский

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