Sex, gender diversity, and brain structure in early adolescence

Human Brain Mapping, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 45(5)

Published: April 1, 2024

Abstract There remains little consensus about the relationship between sex and brain structure, particularly in early adolescence. Moreover, few pediatric neuroimaging studies have analyzed both gender as variables of interest—many which included small sample sizes relied on binary definitions gender. The current study examined diversity with a continuous felt‐gender score categorized based X Y allele frequency large children ages 9–11 years old ( N = 7195). Then, statistical model‐building approach was employed to determine whether independently or jointly relate morphology, including subcortical volume, cortical thickness, gyrification, white matter microstructure. Additional sensitivity analyses found that male versus female differences gyrification were largely accounted for by total rather than per se. model sex, but not diversity, best‐fitting 60.1% gray regions 61.9% after adjusting volume. proportion variance negligible all cases. While models explained greater amount regions, alone significant predictor its own any examined. Overall, these findings demonstrate at old, accounts while is directly associated neurostructural diversity.

Language: Английский

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Exposure to multiple ambient air pollutants changes white matter microstructure during early adolescence with sex-specific differences

Communications Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(1)

Published: Aug. 1, 2024

Air pollution is ubiquitous, yet questions remain regarding its impact on the developing brain. Large changes occur in white matter microstructure across adolescence, with notable differences by sex. We investigate sex-stratified effects of annual exposure to fine particulate (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) at ages 9–10 years longitudinal patterns over a 2-year period. Diffusion-weighted imaging was collected 3T MRI scanners for 8182 participants (1–2 scans per subject; 45% two scans) from Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study®. Restriction spectrum performed quantify intracellular isotropic (RNI) directional (RND) diffusion. Ensemble-based air concentrations were assigned each child's primary residential address. Multi-pollutant, linear mixed-effect models assessed associations between pollutants RNI/RND age time, adjusting sociodemographic factors. Here we show higher PM2.5 associated RND 9 both sexes, no significant change time. Higher NO2 RNI as well attenuating time females. O3 9, sexes. Criteria influence maturation 9–13 old, some sex-specific magnitude anatomical locations affected tracts. This occurs that are below current U.S. standards, suggesting low-level during adolescence may have long-term consequences. known affect health, but it unclear whether affects growing human investigated there development connections, which allow faster communication different brain regions, children aged 9-13 living areas relatively low or high USA. In large group teens, find polluted linked 9-10 old next years. cases, males females showed part showing amount change. Our study suggests levels deemed acceptable under regulations USA could how grows. Further studies needed better understand these changes. Cotter et al. ambient pollutant microstructural transition childhood adolescence. There associations, primarily affecting sexes

Language: Английский

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A Systematic Review of Air Pollution Exposure and Brain Structure and Function during Development

Environmental Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 121368 - 121368

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Associations between air pollution and surrounding greenness with internalizing and externalizing behaviors among schoolchildren

Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 21, 2025

Air pollution and greenness are emerging as modifiable risk protective factors, respectively, in child psychopathology. However, research shows inconsistencies. Here, we examined associations between air surrounding with internalizing externalizing behaviors. In addition, the potential modifying role of genetic susceptibility for these traits socioeconomic status (SES) was explored. This population-based study included 4485 schoolchildren aged 5-18 years from Spain. Internalizing behaviors were assessed using Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Average (NO2, PM2.5, PM10, PMcoarse, PM2.5 absorbance) (NDVI within 100-m, 300-m, 500-m buffers) school exposure estimated 12 months before outcome assessment. Genetic liability by computing polygenic scores (PRS) SES calculated Hollingshead Four-Factor Index. Associations analyzed negative binomial mixed-effects models. Although no survived multiple testing, found that increases 5.48 μg/m3 PM10 2.93 PMcoarse associated a 6% (Mean Ratio (MR) = 1.06; 95% CI: 1.01-1.12) 4% (MR 1.04; 1.00-1.09) increase behavior scores. A 0.1 NDVI 100-m buffer decrease 0.94; 0.89-0.99). Neither differences sex or age, moderation effects PRS SES, observed. We preliminary evidence detrimental on behavior, which not modified sex, liability. If confirmed, results reinforce need improving quality, especially around schools, part preventive strategies focused childhood

Language: Английский

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Neighborhood Characteristics and Mental Health From Childhood to Adolescence

JAMA Network Open, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 8(4), P. e254470 - e254470

Published: April 10, 2025

Importance The relationship of neighborhood environmental and socioeconomic factors with mental health across childhood adolescence remains unclear. Objective To investigate the associations characteristics at various developmental stages, from early to late adolescence. Design, Setting, Participants This population-based cohort study used data Millennium Cohort Study, including approximately 19 000 children born in UK 2000 2002. analysis included individuals England complete on exposures ages 3, 5, 7, 11, 14, 17 years. Data were analyzed January December 2023. Exposures Neighborhood-level air pollution, green space, status. Main Outcomes Measures Strengths Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) scores linked exposure status, measured participants’ residential addresses, using a hierarchical bayesian regression model. Hypotheses formulated after collection. Results sample 3595 adolescents, 1826 (50.5%) female; 3012 participants (83.8%) White 583 (16.2%) another ethnicity. mean (SD) SDQ score was 7.1 (5.1). After adjusting for individual household factors, status emerged as strongest factor associated health. Residing affluent neighborhoods improved health, this association magnifying through For same age, those most had log-transformed 0.73 (95% credible interval [CrI], 0.58 0.88) lower age years compared their peers deprived areas; 5 years, 0.31 CrI, 0.17 0.45) lower. Exposure particulate matter diameter less than 2.5 μm poorer during (age 3 years), an effect size 0.15 0.08 0.22). While space not directly sex-based difference observed, males showing more favorable (interaction, −0.10 [95% −0.17 −0.03]). Conclusions Relevance In between evolved These findings suggest that targeted interventions disadvantaged strategies protect young pollution are essential. A comprehensive approach is recommended incorporate only but also other settings, such schools.

Language: Английский

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Air pollution from biomass burning disrupts early adolescent cortical microarchitecture development

Environment International, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 189, P. 108769 - 108769

Published: May 27, 2024

Exposure to outdoor particulate matter (PM

Language: Английский

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The Triple Threat to Our Environment: Economic, Non-Economic, and Demographic Factors Driving Ecological Footprint in Nuclear-Power Countries

Economies, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 89 - 89

Published: March 27, 2025

This study examines how economic growth, travel, global connection, and changes in population impact the environmental footprint seven countries, including Russia, US, China, France, UK, Pakistan, India, from 1995 to 2023. The results show a significant link between Granger’s some economic, non-economic, factors these countries. According study, impacts result primarily expansion tourism revenue generation. essential activities development frequently ecological deficits through natural resource depletion, land alterations, releases. Business enlargement income commonly bring about deforestation while causing both pollution habitat damage, thus showing why sustainable practices must exist protect nature during development. We also have consider other than economics, such as total resources using nuclear power early. Additionally, many people live particular area number of children born contribute footprints. Also, this shows non-economic demographic issues can indicate what harm environment might face later. is especially important countries that use energy extensively. report suggests different ways solve problem. These include advocating for practices, directing research efforts towards energy, supporting renewable initiatives, promoting family planning education, raising public awareness. aim reduce caused by promote more future.

Language: Английский

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Study on the impact of air pollution on residents' health expenditures in Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao Greater Bay Area

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 284, P. 116896 - 116896

Published: Aug. 18, 2024

The Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao Greater Bay Area (GHMA) has experienced economic development rapid growth of transportation infrastructure in recent years. However, the advancement is also accompanied by serious atmospheric pollution, which threatens health residents, thus, it great significance to explore impact pollution on expenditures residents GHMA. article establishes a spatial econometric model study residents' expenditure GHMA based panel data from 2014 2021, using nine prefectures as research objects. results show that: (1) Atmospheric an obvious agglomeration phenomenon spillover effect, still very serious; (2) PM2.5 emissions are positively significantly related actual care cost per person, rise air main reason for public spending; (3) Other factors have different impacts expenditures. Based above research, puts forward corresponding policy recommendations.

Language: Английский

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Air pollution from biomass burning disrupts early adolescent cortical microarchitecture development

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 24, 2023

Abstract Exposure to outdoor particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) represents a ubiquitous threat human health, and particularly the neurotoxic effects of PM from multiple sources may disrupt neurodevelopment. Studies addressing neurodevelopmental implications exposure have been limited by small, geographically samples largely focus either on macroscale cortical morphology or postmortem histological staining total mass. Here, we leverage residentially assigned six, data-driven neuroimaging data longitudinal Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (ABCD Study®), collected 21 different recruitment sites across United States. To contribute an interpretable actionable assessment role air pollution in developing brain, identified alterations microstructure development associated with specific using multivariate, partial least squares analyses. Specifically, average annual (i.e., at ages 8-10 years) biomass burning was related differences neurite cortex between 9 13 years age. Graphical

Language: Английский

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Air Pollution Effects on Mental Health Relationships: Scoping Review on Historically Used Methodologies to Analyze Adult Populations

Air, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2(3), P. 258 - 291

Published: Aug. 12, 2024

Air pollution’s effects on physical health, especially cardiovascular and respiratory, are well known. Exposure to air pollution may damage every organ cell in the human body. New evidence is emerging showing that adversely affects mental health. Current research suggests high levels have long-term health effects, such as reduced capacity increased cognitive decline, leading stress, anxiety, depression. Objectives: This scoping review aims provide a comprehensive overview of methods used epidemiological literature ascertain existence links between outdoor particulate matter (PM) multiple adverse (MH) (depression, and/or stress). A better understanding practical methodologies could lead improved quality (AQ) management enhanced well-being strategies. Methods: paper undertakes review. PubMed EMBASE databases from 2010 2024 were searched for English-language cohort observational studies stating analyzing link (ultrafine (UFT) (<0.1 μm), fine (<2.5 course (<10 μm)) outcomes stress) adults (>18 years), excluding vulnerable populations (i.e., elderly, children, pregnant women). The study focuses urban, suburban areas, rural areas. Results: From an initial search 3889 records, 29 met inclusion criteria included These spanned various countries employed robust quantitative assess AQ MH. All investigated impact PM with some (n = 19/65.52%) also examining nitrogen oxides (NOx), dioxide (NO2), sulfur (SO2), ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO). Depression was most frequently studied outcome 10/34.48%), followed by anxiety depression 6/20.69%), depression, stress 4/13.79%, each). Depression, together examined single 1/3.45%). Standardized questionnaires involving psychological scales Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) 7/24.14%) Center Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) 3/10.34%) Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) 2/6.90%) commonly MH tools. 27 out found significant negative demonstrating solid consensus literature. Two did not find correlation. results consistently indicated higher associated symptoms stress. Conclusion: Of identified studies, suitable per criteria. show preferred assessing relevant providing detailed account each method’s strengths limitations studies. conducted assist future relieve decision-making process researchers aiming correlation While strict thus resulted few gap concerning general adult population, focused populations. Further exploration relationship needed, reporting these limited.

Language: Английский

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