Role of ley pastures in tomorrow’s cropping systems. A review

Agronomy for Sustainable Development, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 40(3)

Published: May 12, 2020

Abstract Diversification of cropping systems has been proposed as a major mechanism to move towards sustainable systems. To date, diversification option that received little attention is introduction ley pastures into systems, but the use challenged by most future-oriented scenarios aiming feed world sustainably. In these scenarios, ruminant livestock only on permanent pastures, while focus completely production crop-based human food. with thus compromised knowledge gaps and policy options. Here, we review ecosystem services provided introducing increase sustainability agriculture, discuss types their management liable promote services, raise future challenges related We conclude (1) provide large set input (soil conservation, nutrient provision recycling, soil water retention, biological control pests) output (water purification, climate regulation, habitat for biodiversity forage production) primary importance society, respectively, long spatial temporal insertion within well-managed; otherwise, disservices may be produced. (2) benefit from in limiting disservices, it appears necessary define safe operating space Moving this requires changing plant breeding programs multiservice producing about emerging ways (e.g., living mulch, green manure) better quantifying bundles

Language: Английский

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Ensemble modelling, uncertainty and robust predictions of organic carbon in long‐term bare‐fallow soils

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 27(4), P. 904 - 928

Published: Nov. 7, 2020

Abstract Simulation models represent soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics in global (C) cycle scenarios to support climate‐change studies. It is imperative increase confidence long‐term predictions of SOC by reducing the uncertainty model estimates. We evaluated simulated from an ensemble 26 process‐based C comparing simulations experimental data seven bare‐fallow (vegetation‐free) plots at six sites: Denmark (two sites), France, Russia, Sweden and United Kingdom. The decay these has been monitored for decades since last inputs plant material, providing opportunity test decomposition without continuous input new material. were run independently over multi‐year simulation periods (from 28 80 years) a blind with no calibration (Bln) following three scenarios, each different levels information and/or allowing fitting: (a) calibrating parameters separately site (Spe); (b) using generic, knowledge‐based, parameterization applicable Central European region (Gen); (c) combination both strategies (Mix). addressed uncertainties modelling approaches or spin‐up initialization SOC. Changes multi‐model median (MMM) used as descriptors performance. On average across sites, Gen proved adequate describing changes SOC, MMM equal (and standard deviation) 39.2 (±15.5) Mg C/ha compared observed mean 36.0 (±19.7) (last year), indicating sufficiently reliable Moving Mix (37.5 ± 16.7 C/ha) Spe (36.8 19.8 provided only marginal gains accuracy, but modellers would need apply more knowledge greater effort than Gen, thereby limiting wider applicability models.

Language: Английский

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Feasibility of the 4 per 1000 aspirational target for soil carbon: A case study for France

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 27(11), P. 2458 - 2477

Published: Feb. 6, 2021

Abstract Increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks is a promising way to mitigate the increase in atmospheric CO 2 concentration. Based on simple ratio between anthropogenic emissions and SOC worldwide, it has been suggested that 0.4% (4 per 1000) yearly could compensate for current emissions. Here, we used reverse RothC modelling approach estimate amount of C inputs soils required sustain them by 4‰ year over period 30 years. We assessed feasibility this aspirational target first comparing input with net primary productivity (NPP) flowing soil, second considering saturation concept. Calculations were performed mainland France, at 1 km grid cell resolution. Results showed 30%–40% would be needed obtain 30‐year period. 88.4% cropland areas considered unsaturated terms mineral‐associated SOC, but characterized below balance, is, less NPP available than reach target. Conversely, 90.4% unimproved grasslands an above enough objective, 59.1% also saturated. The situation improved forests was more evenly distributed among four categories (saturated vs. vs balance). Future data from monitoring networks should enable validate these results. Overall, our results suggest that, priorities (1) returns are have balance (2) preserve other land uses.

Language: Английский

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Soil carbon storage and mineralization rates are affected by carbon inputs rather than physical disturbance: Evidence from a 47-year tillage experiment

Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 299, P. 106972 - 106972

Published: May 22, 2020

Language: Английский

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Estimating the carbon storage potential and greenhouse gas emissions of French arable cropland using high‐resolution modeling

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 27(8), P. 1645 - 1661

Published: Jan. 15, 2021

Abstract Many studies have assessed the potential of agricultural practices to sequester carbon (C). A comprehensive evaluation impacts requires not only considering C storage but also direct and indirect emissions greenhouse gases (GHG) their side effects (e.g., on water cycle or production). We used a high‐resolution modeling approach with Simulateur mulTIdisciplinaire pour les Cultures Standard soil‐crop model quantify soil organic (SOC) potential, GHG balance, biomass production nitrogen‐ water‐related for all arable land in France current cropping systems (baseline scenario) three mitigation scenarios: (i) spatial temporal expansion cover crops, (ii) insertion extension temporary grasslands (two sub‐scenarios) (iii) improved recycling resources as fertilizer. In baseline scenario, SOC decreased slightly over 30 years crop‐only rotations increased significantly crop/temporary grassland rotations. Results highlighted strong trade‐off between rate per unit area (kg ha −1 year ) scenarios areas which they could be applied. As result, while most promising scenario at field scale was (+466 kg stored depth 0.3 m compared baseline, 0.68 Mha), national scale, it by far crops (+131 , 17.62 Mha). Side crop production, irrigation nitrogen varied greatly depending situation. At combining mitigate 54% (−11.2 from 20.5 Mt CO 2 e ), remaining would still lie objective C‐neutral agriculture.

Language: Английский

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Soil carbon is the blind spot of European national GHG inventories

Nature Climate Change, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 324 - 331

Published: April 1, 2022

Language: Английский

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Current controversies on mechanisms controlling soil carbon storage: implications for interactions with practitioners and policy-makers. A review

Agronomy for Sustainable Development, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 43(1)

Published: Feb. 1, 2023

Abstract There is currently an intense debate about the potential for additional organic carbon storage in soil, strategies by which it may be accomplished and what actual benefits might agriculture climate. Controversy forms essential part of scientific process, but on topic soil storage, confuse agricultural community general public delay actions to fight climate change. In attempt shed light this topic, originality article lies its intention provide a balanced description contradictory opinions examine how can support decision-making despite controversy. first part, we review reconcile conflicting views mechanisms controlling dynamics soil. We discuss divergent chemical recalcitrance, microbial or plant origin persistent matter, contribution particulate matter spatial energetic inaccessibility decomposers. second advantages limitations big data management modeling, are tools link latest theories with taken stakeholders. Finally, show analysis discussion controversies guide scientists supporting stakeholders design (i) appropriate trade-offs biomass use forestry (ii) climate-smart practices, keeping mind their still unresolved effects storage.

Language: Английский

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Learning vs. understanding: When does artificial intelligence outperform process-based modeling in soil organic carbon prediction?

New Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 81, P. 20 - 31

Published: March 8, 2024

In recent years, machine learning (ML) algorithms have gained substantial recognition for ecological modeling across various temporal and spatial scales. However, little evaluation has been conducted the prediction of soil organic carbon (SOC) on small data sets commonly inherent to long-term research. this context, performance ML SOC never tested against traditional process-based approaches. Here, we compare algorithms, calibrated uncalibrated models as well multiple ensembles their in predicting using from five experimental sites (comprising 256 independent points) Austria. Using all available data, ML-based approaches Random forest support vector machines with a polynomial kernel were superior models. performed similar or worse when number training samples was reduced leave-one-site-out cross validation applied. This emphasizes that is strongly dependent data-size related quality information following well-known curse dimensionality phenomenon, while accuracy significantly relies proper calibration combination different Our study thus suggests superiority at scales where larger datasets are available, tools targeting exploration underlying biophysical biochemical mechanisms dynamics soils. Therefore, recommend applying combine advantages both

Language: Английский

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Improved soil carbon stock spatial prediction in a Mediterranean soil erosion site through robust machine learning techniques

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 196(2)

Published: Jan. 10, 2024

Language: Английский

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Influence of snow cover and microclimate on soil organic carbon stability in European mountain grasslands

CATENA, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 250, P. 108744 - 108744

Published: Feb. 5, 2025

Language: Английский

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