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Language: Английский
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Abstract The European green agenda aims to preserve the environment and climate, reduce CO 2 emissions, replace fossil fuels with renewable energy. It mostly relies on electric vehicles, energy storage, solar, wind power plants. requires an order of magnitude higher amount critical minerals (In this text, term is often used for individual chemical elements, although it common refer combinations elements that have a corresponding composition, crystallization, name.), poorly represented in lithosphere, problematic recycling, extraction requiring considerable amounts energy, causing unacceptable damage people nature countries supply raw materials. Rising global average temperatures cast doubt overall effects decarbonisation. time frame profit-oriented planning too short cannot respect dynamics sector. Together market uncertainty, regulations, incentives did not encourage investors take all steps we had hoped for. long-term needs availability key are considered together overview financial environmental conditions offered population where mining carried out. Growing popular resistance cheap environmentally damaging increasing demand may call into question sustainability current practices. development new technologies should be geared towards solutions use abundant while requires, within much-desired paradigm shift, fair minerals. main objective article scientifically based considerations identify issues title topic, assess complex multidisciplinary subject, draw feasible conclusions recommendations.
Language: Английский
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0