4D Printing of Polymers DOI
Sivanagaraju Namathoti, Pavan Kumar Gurrala, Prakash Chandra

et al.

Published: May 21, 2025

Language: Английский

4D printing of shape memory polymer composites: A review on fabrication techniques, applications, and future perspectives DOI
Muhammad Yasir Khalid, Zia Ullah Arif,

Reza Noroozi

et al.

Journal of Manufacturing Processes, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 81, P. 759 - 797

Published: July 25, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

232

4D printing: Technological developments in robotics applications DOI
Muhammad Yasir Khalid, Zia Ullah Arif, Waqas Ahmed

et al.

Sensors and Actuators A Physical, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 343, P. 113670 - 113670

Published: June 10, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

105

Advancing sustainable shape memory polymers through 4D printing of polylactic acid-polybutylene adipate terephthalate blends DOI Creative Commons
Davood Rahmatabadi, Mahdi Khajepour, Abbas Bayati

et al.

European Polymer Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 216, P. 113289 - 113289

Published: July 9, 2024

One of the major challenges in 4D printed Shape Memory Polymers (SMPs) is their slow response to thermal stimuli. Synthetic carbon fillers have been introduced address this issue; however, use comes with environmental concerns. On other hand, Polylactic Acid (PLA) commonly used for 3D/4D printing SMPs, but it requires softening achieve large deformations. This research paper introduces a sustainable solution through blending PLA Polybutylene Adipate Terephthalate (PBAT) that not only addresses these also possesses eco-friendliness due PBAT's high biodegradability rate. PBAT weight percentages 15 %, 30 and 45 % utilized soften PLA, composites are successfully printed. Mechanical properties, shape memory effects, morphology, behaviors comprehensively investigated. The results show excellent features such as 220 elongation 93 recovery just few seconds. two PLA-PBAT blends complete less than 8 s. contains PBAT, addition strength (40 MPa), has 17 elongation. This, coupled low melting temperature drives Scanning electron microscopy images finally confirm printability all three blends, composite containing exhibiting best quality layer interfaces least porosity.

Language: Английский

Citations

98

3D printing of magneto-active smart materials for advanced actuators and soft robotics applications DOI Creative Commons
Muhammad Yasir Khalid, Zia Ullah Arif, Ali Tariq

et al.

European Polymer Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 205, P. 112718 - 112718

Published: Jan. 2, 2024

In the contemporary era, novel manufacturing technologies like additive (AM) have revolutionized different engineering sectors including biomedical, aerospace, electronics, etc. Four-dimensional (4D) printing aka AM of smart materials is gaining popularity among scientific community, which has excellent ability to make soft structures such as robots, actuators, and grippers. These are developed by applying various stimuli pH, temperature, magnetic field, many combinations onto materials. Stimuli in 3D permit shape-morphing behaviors bending, twisting, folding, swelling, rolling, shrinking, origami, or locomotion. A wide variety can be fabricated through incorporation hard particles into resulting magneto-active (MASMs). With this integration, magneto-thermal coupling actuation allows diverse magneto-deformations, facilitating development personalized devices that capable enhanced deformation. review, guidelines provided on for MASMs polymers (MAPs), composites, hydrogels (MAHs) booming flexible wearable biomimetic devices. Moreover, 3D-printed robotics an outstanding capacity adapt complicated situations advanced actuating applications. Finally, some current challenges emerging areas exciting technology been proposed. Lastly, it anticipated technological advancements developing intelligent will a significant impact design real-world

Language: Английский

Citations

90

4D Printing: Technological and Manufacturing Renaissance DOI
Muhammad Yasir Khalid, Zia Ullah Arif, Waqas Ahmed

et al.

Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 307(8)

Published: April 5, 2022

Abstract Shape‐memory materials (SMMs) combined with 3D printing to develop dynamic and adaptive products which are responsive physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These structures categorized into 4D‐printed (4DPed) change their shape properties over time dimension. 4D printing, a novel, multidisciplinary, futuristic technology is expanding its utilization in different applications including healthcare, space, textile, soft robotics, defence, sports, aerospace, automotive sectors. This review article focuses on the recent insightful developments 4DP of SMMs especially shape‐memory polymers. also integrates technologies, programming for specific actuating mechanisms, most 4DPed structures/products. Future perspectives countless opportunities this outlined address current challenges will help evolve promote novel as mainstream manufacturing approach developing real‐world myriad engineering progresses beyond imagination, since inception technological renaissance material science field. profoundly impact daily human life future.

Language: Английский

Citations

81

Sustainable 4D printing of magneto-electroactive shape memory polymer composites DOI Creative Commons
Mohammadreza Lalegani Dezaki, Mahdi Bodaghi

The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 126(1-2), P. 35 - 48

Published: Feb. 21, 2023

Abstract Typical techniques for creating synthetic morphing structures suffer from a compromise between quick shape change and geometric complexity. A novel approach is proposed encoding numerous shapes forms by magneto-electroactive memory polymer composite (SMPC) integrating sustainability with 4D printing (4DP) technology. Electrically driven, remote controllability, reaction are the features of these sustainable structures. Low-cost 4D-printed SMPC can be programmed remotely at high temperatures to achieve multi-stable snap repeatedly all temporary permanent configurations. This allows multiple designs in single structure without wasting material. The strategy based on knowledge mechanics, magnetic response, manufacturing idea underlying fused deposition modelling (FDM). Iron-filled polylactic acid (MPLA) carbon black-filled conductive PLA (CPLA) materials investigated terms microstructure properties, interface, mechanical properties. Characterisation studies carried out identify how control low field. studied. FDM used print MPLA CPLA adaptive 1D/2D-to-2D/3D shapeshifting benefits switchable reducing material waste effort/energy increasing efficiency sectors such as packaging. Graphical

Language: Английский

Citations

52

New Trends in 4D Printing: A Critical Review DOI Creative Commons
Somayeh Vatanparast, Alberto Boschetto, Luana Bottini

et al.

Applied Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(13), P. 7744 - 7744

Published: June 30, 2023

In a variety of industries, Additive Manufacturing has revolutionized the whole design–fabrication cycle. Traditional 3D printing is typically employed to produce static components, which are not able fulfill dynamic structural requirements and inappropriate for applications such as soft grippers, self-assembly systems, smart actuators. To address this limitation, an innovative technology emerged, known “4D printing”. It processes materials by using fabricating structures that can be reconfigured applying different inputs, heat, humidity, magnetism, electricity, light, etc. At present, 4D still growing technology, it presents numerous challenges regarding materials, design, simulation, fabrication processes, applied strategies, reversibility. work critical review technologies, provided.

Language: Английский

Citations

49

Review: interaction of water vapour with wood and other hygro-responsive materials DOI Creative Commons
Callum A. S. Hill, Michael Altgen, Paavo A. Penttilä

et al.

Journal of Materials Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 59(18), P. 7595 - 7635

Published: April 25, 2024

Abstract The purpose of this review is to report on the state-of-the-art interaction moisture with natural materials and fabricated biomimetic functional materials, an emphasis upon hygro-responsive behaviour wood. primary objective examine how water sorption affects dimensional knowledge property in plant-based (mainly, but not exclusively wood) can be used inform design moisture-responsive devices. study examines literature bio-inspired concentrating kinetics, migration location sorbed their microstructure mechanical response molecular mobility sorbate translating macrostructural changes. Also included within review, it overview main experimental techniques which have been investigate these at length scales modern resolve cell wall level.

Language: Английский

Citations

15

Revolutionizing Medical Implant Fabrication: Advances in Additive Manufacturing of Biomedical Metals DOI Creative Commons
Yu-Hua Li, Deyu Jiang, Rui Zhu

et al.

International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(2), P. 022002 - 022002

Published: Nov. 14, 2024

Highlights Exploring personalized biomedical metal implants through additive manufacturing (AM). Presenting new load-bearing and biodegradable alloys for implants. Showcasing AI 4D printing advancements in material properties. AM’s roles various medical fields. Highlighting perspectives of implant technology improved patient care.

Language: Английский

Citations

14

4D Printing: A Comprehensive Review of Technologies, Materials, Stimuli, Design, and Emerging Applications DOI
Aixiang Ding, Fang Tang, Eben Alsberg

et al.

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 19, 2025

4D printing is a groundbreaking technology that seamlessly integrates additive manufacturing with smart materials, enabling the creation of multiscale objects capable changing shapes and/or functions in controlled and programmed manner response to applied energy inputs. Printing technologies, mathematical modeling, responsive stimuli, structural design constitute blueprint printing, all which have seen rapid advancement past decade. These advancements opened up numerous possibilities for dynamic adaptive structures, finding potential use healthcare, textiles, construction, aerospace, robotics, photonics, electronics. However, current primarily focuses on proof-of-concept demonstrations. Further development necessary expand range accessible materials address fabrication complexities widespread adoption. In this paper, we aim deliver comprehensive review state-of-the-art probing into shape programming, exploring key aspects resulting constructs including design, morphing mechanisms, stimuli-responsiveness, elaborating prominent applications across various fields. Finally, discuss perspectives limitations, challenges, future developments realm printing. While undoubtedly vast, continued research innovation are essential unlocking its full capabilities maximizing real-world impact.

Language: Английский

Citations

2