The role of the Mediterranean diet in reducing the risk of cognitive impairement, dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease: a meta-analysis

GeroScience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 11, 2025

Abstract Age-related cognitive impairment and dementia pose a significant global health, social, economic challenge. While Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has historically been viewed as the leading cause of dementia, recent evidence reveals considerable impact vascular (VCID), which now accounts for nearly half all cases. The Mediterranean diet—characterized by high consumption fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fish, olive oil—has widely recognized its cardiovascular benefits may also reduce risk decline dementia. To investigate protective effects diet on we conducted systematic literature review using PubMed, Web Science, Google Scholar, focusing studies published between 2000 2024. included in meta-nalysis examined adherence to incidence AD. We applied random-effects model calculate pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) assessed heterogeneity through I -square statistics. Forest plots, funnel Z -score plots were used visualize study outcomes. Of 324 full-text records reviewed, 23 met inclusion criteria. combined HR among those adhering was 0.82 (95% CI 0.75–0.89); 0.89 0.83–0.95); AD, 0.70 0.60–0.82), indicating substantial effects. Significant observed across studies, though suggested sufficient sample sizes support reliable conclusions each condition. In conclusion, this meta-analysis confirms that is associated an 11–30% reduction age-related disorders, including impairment, These findings underscore diet’s potential central element neuroprotective public health strategies mitigate promote healthier aging.

Language: Английский

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Impact of adherence to the Mediterranean diet on stroke risk

GeroScience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Abstract Stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, dietary patterns have emerged as significant modifiable factor in stroke prevention. The Mediterranean diet, characterized by high intake fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, olive oil, fish, has been widely recognized for its cardiovascular benefits. However, specific impact on risk requires further elucidation. We conducted comprehensive meta-analysis 30 studies, including both cohort case–control designs, to evaluate the relationship between adherence diet stroke. A systematic search was performed across multiple databases, random-effects model used estimate pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity assessed using I 2 statistic, publication bias examined through funnel plots Egger’s regression test. Additionally, trial sequential analysis determine adequacy sample size. revealed reduction among individuals adhering HR 0.88 (95% CI: 0.84–0.91). Notably, heterogeneity detected ( = 34%). Z-score plot from confirmed that sizes were sufficient draw definitive conclusions. potential identified. studies highly effect (HR 0.54, 0.4–0.73). settings hinted at presence bias, supported Our findings provide robust evidence supporting protective against Despite some cumulative suggests promoting could serve an effective public health strategy Further research recommended explore underlying mechanisms assess diet’s diverse populations.

Language: Английский

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Knowledge, attitudes, and use of the Mediterranean diet in practice among dietitians in the United Arab Emirates: a cross-sectional study

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 16, 2025

Dietitians are uniquely positioned to promote the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet), a diet recognized for its health benefits and sustainability. This study aimed assess knowledge attitudes regarding MedDiet among dietitians in United Arab Emirates (UAE), examine frequency correlates of using this clinical practice. Practicing (n = 220) completed 44-item web-based questionnaire, verified face, content construct validity, as well internal parallel form reliability. Total scores were computed sum items attitudes. The mean score was 6.48 ± 1.85 out 10, with gaps related MedDiet's nutrient composition. Despite positive attitudes, many did not agree that it is easy encourage patients decrease red meat (68%) increase fruits/vegetables intake (70%). In practice, 35% rarely/never used MedDiet. more likely recommend if they had country origin (p 0.037), higher 0.022) attitude 0.013) scores, acquired information about through university education < 0.001) or conferences/seminars/workshops 0.002). Using findings study, evidence-based interventions can be developed support role promoting adherence

Language: Английский

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Mediterranean diet and olive oil, microbiota, and obesity-related cancers. From mechanisms to prevention

Seminars in Cancer Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 95, P. 103 - 119

Published: Aug. 4, 2023

Olive oil (OO) is the main source of added fat in Mediterranean diet (MD). It a mix bioactive compounds, including monounsaturated fatty acids, phytosterols, simple phenols, secoiridoids, flavonoids, and terpenoids. There growing body evidence that MD OO improve obesity-related factors. In addition, obesity has been associated with an increased risk for several cancers: endometrial, oesophageal adenocarcinoma, renal, pancreatic, hepatocellular, gastric cardia, meningioma, multiple myeloma, colorectal, postmenopausal breast, ovarian, gallbladder, thyroid cancer. However, epidemiological linking these cancers, their potential mechanisms action, especially those involving gut microbiota, are not clearly described or understood. The goals this review 1) to update current knowledge on associations between consumption 2) identify microbiota involved 3) report effects mechanisms.

Language: Английский

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Cardiovascular Disease and the Mediterranean Diet: Insights into Sex-Specific Responses

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(4), P. 570 - 570

Published: Feb. 19, 2024

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of mortality and burden in women globally. A healthy diet important for the prevention CVD. Research has consistently favoured Mediterranean as cardio-protective diet. Several studies have evaluated associations between cardiovascular outcomes, including traditional risk factors like hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity. In addition, consistent evidence suggests that components synergistic effect on due to its anti-inflammatory profile microbiome effects. While benefits are well-established, health advice dietary guidelines been built largely male-dominant studies. Few investigated beneficial sex-specific populations, those with non-traditional specific women, instance polycystic ovarian syndrome high-risk pregnancies, or more prevalent such chronic inflammatory diseases. Therefore, this review aims provide comprehensive overview current regarding relation outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Obesity-Linked Cancer Risk in EPIC

JAMA Network Open, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 8(2), P. e2461031 - e2461031

Published: Feb. 25, 2025

Importance Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) has been associated with a lower incidence of cancer and reduced weight gain. These associations suggest potential role for MedDiet in lowering risk obesity-related cancers (ORCs). Obesity is known factor various shows an inverse association adherence. Objective To examine between adherence ORCs, considering possible mediating adiposity. Design, Setting, Participants This prospective cohort study analyzed data from European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer Nutrition (EPIC) study, which enrolled participants aged 35 70 years 1992 2000 across 23 centers 10 countries. The analysis was conducted March 1 May 31, 2023. Exposures Dietary intake before baseline evaluated using country-specific, validated questionnaires administered at recruitment. scored on 9-point scale categorized as low (0-3 points), medium (4-6 or high (7-9 points). Main Outcomes Measures primary outcome classified according 2015 International Agency Research criteria. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used assess ORC incidence. Mediation analyses evaluate waist hip ratio body mass index this association. Results A total 450 111 included (mean [SD] age, 51.1 [9.8] years; 70.8% women) followed up during median (IQR) time 14.9 (4.1) years. Among participants, 4.9% experienced (rates, 0.053, 0.049, 0.043 per person-year low, medium, groups, respectively). points) had compared those (hazard [HR], 0.94; 95% CI, 0.90-0.98). similar observed points vs 0-3 However, mediation did not show risk. Conclusions Relevance findings indicate that higher modest reduction independent adiposity measures. Further research needed clarify mechanisms by may contribute prevention.

Language: Английский

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Precision Nutrition Unveiled: Gene–Nutrient Interactions, Microbiota Dynamics, and Lifestyle Factors in Obesity Management

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(5), P. 581 - 581

Published: Feb. 20, 2024

Background: Obesity is a complex metabolic disorder that associated with several diseases. Recently, precision nutrition (PN) has emerged as tailored approach to provide individualised dietary recommendations. Aim: This review discusses the major intrinsic and extrinsic components considered when applying PN during management of obesity common chronic conditions. Results: The identified three main components: gene–nutrient interactions, intestinal microbiota, lifestyle factors. Genetic makeup significantly contributes inter-individual variations in behaviours, advanced genome sequencing population genetics aiding detecting gene variants obesity. Additionally, PN-based host-microbiota evaluation emerges an therapeutic tool, impacting disease control prevention. gut microbiome’s composition regulates diverse responses nutritional Several studies highlight PN’s effectiveness improving diet quality enhancing adherence physical activity among obese patients. key strategy for addressing obesity-related risk factors, encompassing patterns, body weight, fat, blood lipids, glucose levels, insulin resistance. Conclusion: stands out feasible tool effectively managing obesity, considering its ability integrate genetic application approaches not only improves current conditions but also holds promise preventing complications long term.

Language: Английский

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Mediterranean-Type Diet Adherence and Body Mass Index through 20 Years of Follow-Up: Results from the ATTICA Cohort Study (2002–2022)

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(8), P. 1128 - 1128

Published: April 11, 2024

Evidence of the association between dietary habits and long-term body weight status is scarce. This study aimed to evaluate changes in Mediterranean-type diet (MTD) adherence relation during 20 years follow-up. Data from n = 1582 participants ATTICA cohort (2002–2022) were used. MTD was assessed via MedDietScore, mass index (BMI) by 3 different measurements. We found that this inversely related BMI at mean 20-year In multi-adjusted linear regression models, a 1/55 increase baseline, 10-year, MedDietScore associated with decrease 0.05–0.13 kg/m2 0.08–0.09 BMI. Being consistently close for >90% decreased risk maintaining overweight/obesity period. Strong, protective, long-lasting effects observed, even those who deviated follow-up (41% sample). Our results highlight need focus on overall quality minimize an excessive life-course.

Language: Английский

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Relationship between the Mediterranean Diet and Metabolic Syndrome and Each of the Components That Form It in Caucasian Subjects: A Cross-Sectional Trial

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(12), P. 1948 - 1948

Published: June 19, 2024

The main objective of this work is to investigate the relationship between Mediterranean diet (MD) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) its components in Caucasian subjects 35 74 years. secondary analyze sex differences. Methods: A cross-sectional trial. This study utilized data from EVA, MARK, EVIDENT studies, a total 3417 with mean age ± SD 60.14 9.14 years (57% men) were included. We followed five criteria established National Cholesterol Education Program III define MetS. MD was assessed 14-item adherence screener (MEDAS) used PREDIMED study. Good considered when value higher than median value. Results: MEDAS questionnaire 5.83 2.04 (men 5.66 2.06 women 6.04 1.99; p < 0.001). Adherence observed by 38.6% (34.3% men 40.3% women; MetS 41.6% (39.0% 45.2% In multiple regression analysis, after adjusting for possible confounders, showed negative association number per subject (β = −0.336), different MetS: systolic blood pressure −0.011), diastolic −0.029), glycemia −0.009), triglycerides −0.004), waist circumference −0.026), except HDL-cholesterol which positive 0.021); 0.001 all cases. logistic analysis performed, we found that an increase associated decrease probability (OR 0.56) components: levels ≥ 130/85 mmHg 0.63), fasting plasma glucose 100 mg/dL 0.62), triglyceride 150 0.65), 88 cm ≥102 0.74), increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol 40 <50 1.70); results similar, both regression. Conclusions: our indicate greater MD, lower presenting result repeated sex. More studies are needed clarify these can be extended rest countries, other countries outside basin.

Language: Английский

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Characteristics, Physiopathology and Management of Dyslipidemias in Pregnancy: A Narrative Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(17), P. 2927 - 2927

Published: Sept. 1, 2024

Dyslipidemia is a significant risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). During pregnancy, physiological changes elevate cholesterol and triglyceride levels to support fetal development, which can exacerbate pre-existing conditions lead complications such as pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, increased ASCVD both mother child. Effective management strategies are necessary, especially pregnant women with inherited forms of dyslipidemia (i.e., familial hypertriglyceridemia, hyperchylomicronemia), where personalized dietary adjustments crucial successful pregnancy outcomes. Pharmacological interventions lipoprotein apheresis may be necessary severe cases, though their use often limited by factors cost, availability, potential risks. Despite the promise advanced therapies, widespread application remains constrained studies high costs. Thus, personalized, multidisciplinary approach essential optimizing This review provides comprehensive overview current evidence-based practices managing during emphasizing balance maternal health. Additionally, it discusses in lipid metabolism implications, particularly dyslipidemia.

Language: Английский

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