How do maize plants respond to nitrogen availability? : The spatial and temporal distribution of nitrogen within the canopy DOI Open Access
Panpan Fan

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important cereal crops with high economic and social values.Considering need to increase food production, it investigate determining factors that contribute maize production in terms agronomic management practices crop breeding.The main aim was explore morphological physiological trait responses plants N availability how these traits may have changed as a result breeding.In this thesis, we focused on quantifying plant architecture, nitrogen biomass distribution across leaf positions, stems, other organs maize.The accumulation, partitioning, reallocation processes at both individual scales were quantified, examining their varying availabilities resulting from long-term fertilizer treatments field experiment.The results revealed relatively larger fraction grain derived smaller soil.When considering vertical pattern leaves canopy, noted reallocated lower than higher ones.However, absolute terms, largest amounts middle-canopy compared top bottom leaves.Additionally, exhibit phenotypic plasticity response environmental changes.A trade-off strategy related radiation capture radiation-use efficiency (RUE) under nitrogen-deficient conditions explored plants.We conclude cope low maintain area, mainly by increasing specific area (SLA, cm2/g) throughout but only during vegetative growth phase.Additionally, patterns canopy light, within also among cultivars released between 1950 2004.We found yield improvement older newer strongly associated changes increased light interception through index (LAI) improved due steeper angles.Nevertheless, coordination did not differ old new cultivars.These showed yields modern are coordinated canopy.This thesis introduces novel empirical equation for quantitatively describing dimensions canopy.Compared previous bell-shaped functions, reduces number parameters required characterize morphology, simplifying numerical calculations.Furthermore, analysing char-acteristics development plants, four key positions be considered construct equation, greatly data collection field.The exploration respond provides insights into organ, plant, levels.These findings suggest appropriate can sustain while reducing impact.Moreover, goals breeding should extend beyond achieving encompass quality, specifically concentration, aligning demands.

Language: Английский

Optimal rate of nitrogen fertilizer improves maize grain yield by delaying the senescence of ear leaves and thereby altering their nitrogen remobilization DOI

Kang Du,

Wenqing Zhao,

Zhiwei Lv

et al.

Field Crops Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 310, P. 109359 - 109359

Published: March 27, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

14
Maize yield increased by matching canopy light and nitrogen distribution via controlled-release urea /urea adjustment DOI
Huan Li,

Yiming Zhu,

Gaofeng Wang

et al.

Field Crops Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 308, P. 109284 - 109284

Published: Feb. 6, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

10
Synergistic effects of planting density and nitrogen fertilization on chlorophyll degradation and leaf senescence after silking in maize DOI Creative Commons

Tianqiong Lan,

Lunjing Du,

Xinglong Wang

et al.

The Crop Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(2), P. 605 - 613

Published: March 13, 2024

Regulating planting density and nitrogen (N) fertilization could delay chlorophyll (Chl) degradation leaf senescence in maize cultivars. This study measured changes ear green area (GLAear), Chl content, the activities of a-degrading enzymes after silking, post-silking dry matter accumulation grain yield under multiple densities N rates. The dynamic change GLAear silking fitted to logistic model, duration (GLADear) at 42 d were affected mainly by initial period (T1) which was a key factor senescence. average chlorophyllase (CLH) activity 8.3 times higher than pheophytinase contributed most GLADear, indicating that CLH is enzyme for degrading maize. Increasing increased decreased GLAear, GLADear T1. Under high density, appropriate application prolonged T1, reduced activity, alleviated high-density-induced senescence, yield.

Language: Английский

Citations

8
Pre- and post-anthesis dry matter and nutrient accumulation, partitioning, remobilization and crop productivity of maize under the long-term integrated crop management practices DOI

Anamika Barman,

Vijay Pooniya, R. R. Zhiipao

et al.

European Journal of Agronomy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 164, P. 127527 - 127527

Published: Feb. 4, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
A High Amount of Straw Pellets Returning Delays Maize Leaf Senescence, Improves Dry Matter Accumulation and Distribution, and Yield Increase in Northeast China DOI Creative Commons
Meng Cheng, Yiteng Zhang,

Guoyi Lv

et al.

Agronomy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 711 - 711

Published: March 14, 2025

Enhancing chlorophyll retention in maize leaves and prolonging the grain-filling duration constitute critical strategies for yield improvement agricultural production systems. This study investigated mechanistic relationship between enhancement pathways leaf senescence process induced by high-input straw pellets amendment. We analyzed impact mechanisms of green area dynamics dry matter redistribution on during late reproductive stages, establishing theoretical foundations optimization through intensive incorporation. The used variety Jingnongke 728 as experimental material. Based previous research, four treatments were set up, including no returning (CK), chopped (15 t/ha) to field (FS1), a large amount (75 (FS5), pelletized (KL5), with replicates. A two-year design systematically assessed index (GLAI), accumulation, distribution, translocation, components, grain explore differences among various under different amounts forms. detected significant FS1 CK. Although KL5 FS5 delayed senescence, significantly depressed (GLAI) at R1 stage (silking), which results it not having more effective photosynthetic phenological phases. In dynamics, exhibited 5.52–25.71% greater pre-anthesis 2.73–60.74% higher post-anthesis 9.48–25.76% elevated ear allocation relative other treatments. KL5’s assimilates contributed 2.43–17.02% development, concurrently increasing ear-to-total biomass ratio. Yield analysis ranked superior treatment 0.68–25.15% advantage, driven enhanced kernel number per 100-kernel mass, whereas displayed lowest count all Returning 75 t/ha black soil Northeast China can delay increase accumulation after anthesis maintaining later growth, thereby achieving goal yield. research offer practical novel approach return region provide new technological pathway enhancing crop productivity.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Maize breeding enhances lodging resistance through vertical allocation changes of stem dry matter and nitrogen DOI Creative Commons
Alejo Ruiz,

Agustin Listello,

Slobodan Trifunović

et al.

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: March 14, 2025

The maize stem provides structural support to other plant organs and stores carbohydrates nitrogen (N) that can be remobilized grain. Yet it remains unknown whether breeding programs have indirectly affected vertical dry matter N allocation. Our objectives were i) determine the allocations across different portions in hybrids released from 1980 2020 at start (R2) end of grain-filling period (R6), ii) investigate remobilization patterns by portion. We studied 23 Bayer Crop Science (release year 2020) relative maturities (short long maturity) 2021 2022. Stem weight, concentration, content portion (four equal-length sections) measured R2 R6 stages. found average distribution along height was 8% (top), 17% (middle-top), 29% (middle-bottom), 46% (bottom). Maize slightly reduced total stage both maturities, this reduction occurred top two quarters, with no significant change bottom At stage, significantly maturity hybrids, all contributed reduction. Newer less than older (17 vs 20%) but more (39 36%). concluded efforts allocation towards above ear leaf. This reduces plants' center gravity, which could explain why new are resistant lodging accommodate high densities. study brings data knowledge, enhances our understanding indirect consequences on traits.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Quantifying source–sink relationships in leaf-color modified rice genotypes during grain filling DOI Creative Commons
Zhenxiang Zhou, P.C. Struik, Junfei Gu

et al.

Journal of Integrative Agriculture, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(9), P. 2923 - 2940

Published: March 7, 2024

Leaf-colour modification can affect the canopy photosynthesis, with a potential effect on rice yield and components. Also, modulating source-sink relationships through crop management has been used to improve productivity. This study aims investigate whether how modifying leaf colour alters current cultivation practices remain applicable for leaf-colour modified genotypes. Periodically collected data of total biomass nitrogen (N) accumulation in genotypes four genetic backgrounds their (greener or yellower) variants were analysed, using recently established model method quantify (im)balance during grain filling. Among all variants, only one yellower-leaf variant showed higher source capacity than its normal genotype. was associated increased post-flowering N-uptake that prolonged functional leaf-N duration, this possible because reduced pre-flowering N-uptake. The density experiment (insufficient planting accompanied abundant N application) unsuitable genotype, ultimately limiting potential. affects by regulating trade-off between uptake, translocation sink organs. To best exploit an improved productivity, adjustments are required.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Evaluating crop nitrogen status in maize leaves: a predictive modelling approach using chlorophyll fluorescence parameters DOI Creative Commons

Xinwei Meng,

Shan Zhang, Lichun Wang

et al.

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(20), P. e39601 - e39601

Published: Oct. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Potassium Increases Nitrogen and Potassium Utilization Efficiency and Yield in Foxtail Millet DOI Creative Commons

Meiqiang Yin,

Yanfen Li, Qilin Hu

et al.

Agronomy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(9), P. 2200 - 2200

Published: Aug. 22, 2023

Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of K application on nitrogen and potassium utilization efficiency yield foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.). The experiment was performed with a completely randomized design two cultivars (Jingu 21 Zhangza 10) five K2O rates (0, 60, 120, 180, 240 kg/hm2) in 2020 2021. We found that promoted N absorption; significantly increased dry matter (DM), N, accumulation organs; caused peak earlier; DM rate. In addition, preceded or N. Relative crop cycle, most (61.07%) accumulated at booting, whereas mostly (33.86%) during grain filling. absorption by 31.87%, apparent agronomic rate fertilizer remained high, increasing yield, which peaked 180 kg/hm2 for both cultivars, 29.91% 31.51% Jingu 10, respectively, relative untreated controls. Stepwise regression path analysis showed leaf spike accumulation, stem main factors affecting having greatest direct effect, followed accumulation. concentration (0.77–3.04%) 10 higher than (0.69–2.91%) plants. Under same rate, harvest index those 21, nutrient ability greater 10. results demonstrated rational can increase leaves, promote metabolism efficiency, improve yield.

Language: Английский

Citations

6
Higher yields of modern maize cultivars are not associated with coordinated light and N distribution within the canopy DOI
Panpan Fan, Niels P. R. Anten, Jochem B. Evers

et al.

Field Crops Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 305, P. 109182 - 109182

Published: Nov. 17, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

5