Hydrogen sulfide modulates ascorbate-glutathione system, osmolytes production, nutrient content and yield responses under salt stress in wheat

South African Journal of Botany, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 160, P. 295 - 308

Published: July 13, 2023

Language: Английский

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Optimization of Low-Tech Protected Structure and Irrigation Regime for Cucumber Production under Hot Arid Regions of India

Plants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 146 - 146

Published: Jan. 4, 2024

Water scarcity and climate variability impede the realization of satisfactory vegetable yields in arid regions. It is imperative to delve into high-productivity water-use-efficient protected cultivation systems for sustained supply vegetables harsh climates. A strenuous effort was made find suitable structures levels irrigation greenhouse cucumber production hot zones India. In this endeavor, effects three low-tech passively ventilated structures, i.e., naturally polyhouse (NVP), insect-proof screenhouse (IPS) shade (SHS), as well (100%, 80% 60% evapotranspiration, ET) were assessed different morpho-physiological, yield quality traits a two-year study. Among NVP found superior IPS SHS performance, evidenced by distinctly higher fruit (i.e., 31% 121%, respectively) arising result number/plants mean weights under NVP. The decreased response degree water shortage deficit across all structures. However, interaction effect structure regime reveals that plants grown moderate (MD, 20% deficit) inside could provide than those obtained well-watered (WW, 100% conditions or SHS. Plant growth indices such vine length, node number/plant, shoot dry mass also measured greater performance attributed better plant physiological status photosystem II efficiency, leaf relative content lower potential). increased productivity progressively with its severity; it remained NVP, reflected 94% recorded SHS, respectively, levels. With exception total soluble solids matter (which higher), parameters reduced conditions. findings study emphasize importance considering NVP) normal rates (−20%) yields) results valuable insights growers researchers aiming increase climates water-limiting

Language: Английский

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Accelerating wheat improvement through trait characterization: advances and perspectives

Physiologia Plantarum, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 176(5)

Published: Sept. 1, 2024

Abstract Wheat ( Triticum spp.) is a primary dietary staple food for humanity. Many wheat genetic resources with variable genomes have record of domestication history and are widespread throughout the world. To develop elite varieties, agronomical stress‐responsive trait characterization foremost evaluating existing germplasm to promote breeding. However, genomic complexity one impediments mining characterization. Multiple reference cutting‐edge technologies like haplotype mapping, selection, precise gene editing tools, high‐throughput phenotyping platforms, high‐efficiency transformation systems, speed‐breeding facilities transforming functional genomics research understand diversity polyploidy. This review focuses on achievements in genomics, available omics approaches, bioinformatic developed past decades. Advances system biology approaches highlighted circumvent bottlenecks phenotypic as well transfer. In addition, we propose conducting studies developing sustainable breeding strategies wheat. These developments understanding traits speed up creation high‐yielding, stress‐resistant, nutritionally enhanced which will help addressing global security agricultural sustainability era climate change.

Language: Английский

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Evaluation of Morpho-Physiological and Yield-Associated Traits of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Landraces Combined with Marker-Assisted Selection under High-Temperature Stress and Elevated Atmospheric CO2 Levels

Plants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(20), P. 3655 - 3655

Published: Oct. 23, 2023

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important cereal crop worldwide due to its long domestication history. North-Eastern India (NEI) one of the origins indica rice and contains various native landraces that can withstand climatic changes. The present study compared NEI a check variety for phenological, morpho-physiological, yield-associated traits under high temperatures (HTs) elevated CO2 (eCO2) levels using molecular markers. first experiment tested 75 HT tolerance. Seven better-performing (N22) were evaluated above in bioreactors two years (2019 2020) control (T1) stress treatments [mild or T2 (eCO2 550 ppm + 4 °C more than ambient temperature) severe T3 750 6 temperature)]. findings showed moderate (T2) improved plant height (PH), leaf number (LN), area (LA), spikelets panicle-1 (S/P), thousand-grain weight (TGW), harvest index (HI), grain production. eCO2 significantly decreased all genotypes' metrics, including yield (GY). Pollen are strongly positively associated with spikelet fertility at maturity GY conditions. Shoot biomass affected S/P, TGW, HI, GY. This recorded average reduction 8.09% across seasons response conditions simulated T3. Overall, landraces-Kohima special Lisem-were found be responsive other as well N22 conditions, higher increment. SCoT-marker-assisted genotyping amplified 77 alleles, 55 which polymorphic, polymorphism information content (PIC) values from 0.22 0.67. reveals genetic variation among lines supports Kohima Special Lisem's close relationship. These useful pre-breeding resources future rice-breeding programs increase tolerance, especially changing situations.

Language: Английский

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Characterization of Pre-Breeding Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Germplasm for Stripe Rust Resistance Using Field Phenotyping and Genotyping

Plants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(18), P. 3239 - 3239

Published: Sept. 12, 2023

Wheat is highly affected by stripe rust disease, particularly under cooler environments, and the losses can reach up to 100 percent depending on intensity of infection susceptibility genotype. The most effective method manage this disease use resistant varieties. In present study, 192 wheat genotypes were evaluated for resistance field conditions also in a laboratory using molecular markers. These lines included pre-breeding germplasm developed some high-yielding commercially grown Out genotypes, 53 found be resistant, 29 showed moderate reaction conditions, whereas remaining all either moderately susceptible or susceptible. Under controlled out 109 only 12 six virulent/pathogenic pathotypes. Additionally, selection 97 screening subjected validation markers linked major R-genes, viz., Yr5, Yr10, Yr15 Yr17. Nine possessed Yr5 gene, twelve had Yr10 fourteen gene thirty-two Yr17 gene. genes studied current study are conferring against disease. identified as both used sources breeding programs.

Language: Английский

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Grain yield trade-offs in spike-branching wheat can be mitigated by elite alleles affecting sink capacity and post-anthesis source activity

Journal of Experimental Botany, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 75(1), P. 88 - 102

Published: Sept. 22, 2023

Abstract Introducing variations in inflorescence architecture, such as the ‘Miracle-Wheat’ (Triticum turgidum convar. compositum (L.f.) Filat.) with a branching spike, has relevance for enhancing wheat grain yield. However, spike-branching genotypes, increase spikelet number is generally not translated into yield advantage because of reduced grains per and weight. Here, we investigated if trade-offs might be function source–sink strength by using 385 recombinant inbred lines developed intercrossing landrace TRI 984 CIRNO C2008, an elite durum (T. L.) cultivar; they were genotyped 25K array. Various plant spike architectural traits, including flag leaf, peduncle, senescence rate, phenotyped under field conditions 2 consecutive years. On chromosome 5AL, found new modifier QTL branching, branched headt3 (bht-A3), which was epistatic to previously known bht-A1 locus. Besides, bht-A3 associated more delay leaf rate. Importantly, favourable alleles, viz. protein content (gpc-B1) that delayed senescence, are required improve weight genotypes. In summary, achieving balanced relationship minimize Miracle-Wheat.

Language: Английский

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Pyramiding of transcription factor, PgHSF4, and stress-responsive genes of p68, Pg47, and PsAKR1 impart multiple abiotic stress tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Aug. 25, 2023

Abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, and heat stress significantly affect rice crop growth production. Under uncertain climatic conditions, the concurrent multiple abiotic at different stages of production became a major challenge for agriculture. Hence, improving rice’s tolerance is essential to overcome unprecedented challenges under adverse environmental conditions. A significant breeding programs in involves traits their complexity. Multiple must be targeted improve uncover mechanisms. With this hypothesis, present study gene stacking approach used integrate involved tolerance. The multigene transgenics co-expressing Pennisetum glaucum 47 ( Pg47) , Pea 68 p68) Heat Shock Factor 4(PgHSF4) Pseudomonas Aldo Keto Reductase 1 PsAKR1 ) genes genotype (AC39020) were developed using in-planta transformation method. promising transgenic lines maintained higher yields semi-irrigated aerobic cultivation (moisture stress). These 15 seedlings showed improved shoot root accelerating aging, temperature, oxidative stress. They better physiological characteristics, chlorophyll content, membrane stability, lower accumulation reactive oxygen species, than wild-type. Enhanced expression transgenes other stress-responsive downstream HSP70, SOD, APX, SOS, PP2C P5CS suggest possible molecular mechanism imparting This proved that novel strategy induce several mechanisms responsible stresses. combination can potentially conditions pave way developing climate-resilient crops.

Language: Английский

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Evaluation of morpho-physiological and yield-associated traits of rice (Oryza sativaL.) landraces combined with marker-assisted selection under high temperature stress and elevated atmospheric CO₂levels

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 1, 2023

Abstract Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) has a tremendous domestication history and is presently used as major cereal all over the world. In Asia, India considered one of centers origin indica rice several native landraces, especially in North-Eastern (NEI), which have potential to cope with negative impact present-day climate change. The current investigation aimed evaluate NEI landraces’ under high temperatures elevated CO 2 levels comparison check variety for phenological, morphological, physiological yield-associated parameters molecularly validated marker-assisted genotyping. initial experiment was carried out 75 landraces their heat tolerance ability. Seven better-performing along (N22) were further evaluated aforesaid traits across two years (2019 2020) control (or T1) stress treatments – (i) mild or T2 [CO 550 ppm + 4° C more than ambient temperature] (ii) severe T3 750 6° using bioreactors. molecular analysis, eight selected genotypes through 25 Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) markers. results revealed that (T2) had positive on various morpho-physiological like plant height, number leaves, leaf area yield spikelets panicle -1 (S/P), thousand-grain weight (TGW) grain (GY). This effect could be attributed genotypes’ ability maintain higher photosynthetic rate possess better moderately temperatures. However, high-temperature conditions T3, exhibited significant decrease studied including GY. It found pollen significantly positively correlated spikelet fertility% at maturity, associated GY applied conditions. shoot biomass evident S/P, harvest index (HI), TGW Overall, Kohima special Lisem responsive compared other well N22 SCoT genotyping amplified total 77 alleles 55 polymorphic PIC value ranging from 0.22 0.67. suggests presence genetic variation among tested lines supports evidence closely relatedness Lisem. These are North-East based improving attributes temperature environments. shortlisted can valuable pre-breeding materials future breeding programs improve properties, particularly ongoing changing climatic scenarios.

Language: Английский

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