Fitoterapia,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
172, P. 105681 - 105681
Published: Sept. 23, 2023
Resistance
to
apoptosis
stands
as
a
roadblock
the
successful
pharmacological
execution
of
anticancer
drug
effect.
A
comprehensive
insight
into
apoptotic
signaling
pathways
and
an
understanding
mechanisms
resistance
are
crucial
unveil
new
targets.
At
this
juncture,
researchers
heading
towards
natural
sources
in
particular,
mushroom
their
potential
drugs
leads
being
reliable
source
potent
bioactive
compounds.
Given
continuous
increase
cancer
cases,
efficacy
mushrooms
has
inevitably
become
fascinating
object
due
higher
safety
margin
multitarget.
This
review
aimed
collect
summarize
all
available
scientific
data
on
with
from
extracts
molecules
order
suggest
attributes
via
mitochondrion
-mediated
intrinsic
mechanism.
Compiled
revealed
that
components
including
polysaccharides,
sterols
terpenoids
well
prepared
using
15
different
solvents
53
species
could
be
effective
supportive
treatment
20
various
cancers.
The
underlying
therapeutic
studied
explored
through
diverse
complementary
investigations:
vitro
assays,
pre-clinical
studies
clinical
randomized
controlled
trials.
processes
mainly
involved
were
ROS
production,
mitochondrial
membrane
dysfunction,
action
caspase
3,
9,
XIAP,
cIAP,
p53,
Bax,
Bcl-2.
In
summary,
study
provides
facts
pertaining
beneficial
effect
active
compounds
against
types
is
shedding
light
targeted
pathways.
Future Pharmacology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
4(1), P. 77 - 102
Published: Jan. 18, 2024
The
white
berry
bush,
officially
Flueggea
virosa
(Roxb.
ex
Willd.)
Royle
is
a
medicinal
plant
distributed
throughout
tropical
areas
and
traditionally
used
in
Africa,
India
China.
Root
decoctions
are
to
treat
abdominal
pain,
whereas
extracts
from
the
aerial
parts
serve
liver
urinary
diseases,
inflammatory
pathologies
diabetes,
among
other
pathologies.
Plant
have
revealed
antiparasitic,
antimicrobial,
antiepilepsy,
antidiabetic,
anticancer
analgesic
effects.
Three
main
categories
of
phytochemicals
were
isolated
F.
virosa:
polyphenols,
with
lead
product
bergenin;
terpenoids,
such
as
flueggenoids
related
podocarpane-type
diterpenoids;
many
alkaloids
derived
securinine
norsecurinine.
A
remarkable
feature
S.
production
norsecurinine
oligomers,
including
macromolecular
tetramers
pentamers,
fluevirosinines.
most
potent
alkaloid
family
dimeric
indolizidine
flueggine
B,
which
was
identified
potential
binder
α/β-tubulin
dimer,
known
target
for
securinine.
This
review
highlights
diversity
therapeutic
benefits
alkaloids.
Studies
encouraged
further
investigate
properties
compounds
but
also
define
finesse
nutritional
profile
edible
fruit.
Pharmaceutics,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16(4), P. 496 - 496
Published: April 3, 2024
Betulinic
acid
(BA)
is
a
natural
pentacyclic
triterpene
with
diverse
biological
activities.
However,
its
low
water
solubility
limits
pharmaceutical
application.
The
conversion
of
pharmaceutically
active
molecules
into
ionic
liquids
(ILs)
promising
strategy
to
improve
their
physicochemical
properties,
stability,
and/or
potency.
Here,
we
report
the
synthesis
and
characterization
15
novel
ILs
containing
cation
ethyl
ester
polar,
non-polar,
or
charged
amino
[AAOEt]
an
anion
BA.
Except
for
[ValOEt][BA],
observed
preserved
up
2-fold
enhanced
cytotoxicity
toward
hormone-dependent
breast
cancer
cells
MCF-7.
estimated
IC50
(72
h)
values
within
series
varied
between
4.8
25.7
µM.
We
found
that
most
cytotoxic
IL,
[LysOEt][BA]2,
reduced
clonogenic
efficiency
20%
compared
In
addition,
evaluated
effect
72
h
treatment
BA
compound,
on
thermodynamic
behavior
MCF-7
cells.
Based
our
data,
suggest
lysine
included
in
provokes
by
mechanism
involving
alteration
membrane
lipid
organization,
which
could
be
accompanied
modulation
visco–elastic
properties
cytoplasm.
Research Square (Research Square),
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
AbstractBackground.
Breast
cancer
(BC)
is
the
most
prevalent
among
women,
with
triple-negative
breast
(TNBC)
representing
a
particularly
aggressive
subtype.
Current
treatments
often
have
limited
efficacy
and
significant
toxicity,
highlighting
need
for
alternative
therapeutic
strategies.
Ziziphus
mauritiana
(ZM)
leaf
extract
contains
triterpenoids
which
been
proven
to
be
used
as
anticancer
agents,
but
not
studied
in
TNBC
cells.
Aim.
To
examine
triterpenoid
content
ZM,
especially
BA
OA,
ZM
cytotoxicity,
intracellular
ROS
levels,
amount
of
apoptosis,
CD81
expression
on
MDA-MB
231
cells
after
being
given
ZM.
Material
Methods.
The
was
prepared
using
sequential
extraction
method.
presence
confirmed
via
HPLC
LC-MS
analysis.
cytotoxicity
assessed
CCK-8
assay,
while
flow
cytometry
employed
analyze
levels.
Apoptosis
quantified
an
Annexin
V-FITC/PI
detection
kit.
Results.
Based
HPLC,
28.3
µg/ml,
OA
13.4
µg/ml.
significantly
reduced
cell
viability
by
28.28%
at
400
µg/ml
48
hours.
Flow
revealed
notable
downregulation
(p
<
0.0001)
increase
levels
0.0001).
Furthermore,
induced
early
late
apoptosis
treated
cells,
increases
2.34-fold
2.66-fold,
respectively.
Conclusion.
exhibits
potent
cytotoxic
effects
against
through
ROS-dependent
downregulation,
suggesting
its
potential
novel
agent
treatment.
Sci,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
7(1), P. 2 - 2
Published: Jan. 2, 2025
The
conversion
of
betulinic
acid
(BA)
to
organic
salts
is
a
strategic
approach
modulate
its
physicochemical
properties
and
biological
activity.
In
our
previous
study,
we
demonstrated
the
enhanced
cytotoxicity
certain
amino
ethyl
ester
betulinates
([AAOEt][BA])
compared
BA
against
hormone-dependent
breast
cancer
cells
(MCF-7).
this
extended
investigation
evaluate
cytotoxic
response
thermodynamic
hormone-independent
(MDA-MB-231)
following
72
h
treatment
with
same
series
betulinates.
Our
data
reveal
lower
in
MDA-MB-231
cells,
indicated
by
higher
half-maximal
inhibitory
concentration
(IC50)
values,
which
ranged
between
31
109
μM.
Differential
scanning
calorimetry
analysis
supported
these
findings,
showing
negligible
changes
parameters
treated
cells.
However,
consistent
observations,
[LysOEt][BA]2,
exhibited
highest
induced
most
pronounced
morphological
alterations
Overall,
results
suggest
that
are
less
sensitive
[AAOEt][BA]
MCF-7
likely
due
their
distinct
phenotypic
genotypic
profiles
differences
oncogenic
signalling
pathways.
Nonetheless,
fact
[LysOEt][BA]2
enhances
activity
even
underscores
therapeutic
potential
warrants
further
investigation,
particularly
context
adjuvant
therapy.
The Journal of Gene Medicine,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
27(2)
Published: Feb. 1, 2025
ABSTRACT
Background
Gliomas
currently
have
a
poor
prognosis
and
limited
therapy
options.
Betulinic
acid
(BA)
has
demonstrated
antitumor
activity
in
various
cancers.
This
study
is
aimed
at
clarifying
the
underlying
mechanisms
by
which
BA
inhibits
gliomas.
Methods
We
assessed
how
affected
migration,
apoptosis,
invasion,
proliferation,
viability
of
U251
glioma
cells.
The
genes
that
were
differentially
expressed
after
treatment
identified
via
RNA
sequencing.
Utilizing
Gene
Ontology
Kyoto
Encyclopedia
Genes
Genomes,
research
was
done
to
determine
pathways.
Molecular
docking
applied
explore
interaction
with
key
pathway
molecules.
Experimental
assays
conducted
confirm
impact
on
these
pathways
targets.
Results
In
cells,
reduced
viability;
inhibited
colony
formation,
invasion;
triggered
apoptosis.
Through
sequencing,
923
up‐
1469
downregulated
found,
notable
enrichment
TNF,
PI3K‐Akt,
ferroptosis
can
stably
bind
TNF
PI3K‐Akt
molecules,
especially
AKT1
(binding
energy
=
−10.2
kcal/mol).
administration
decreased
levels
phosphorylated
PI3K
AKT.
Moreover,
BA‐induced
HO‐1
NRF2
increased.
Ferrostatin‐1
zinc
protoporphyrin
pretreatment
intracellular
iron
lipid
peroxidation
decrease
cell
caused
BA.
Conclusions
controls
PI3K/Akt
NRF2/HO‐1
pathways,
results
ferroptosis.
Understanding
BA's
multipathway
mechanism
may
inform
its
therapeutic
potential
treatment.
