Widespread breakdown in masting in European beech due to rising summer temperatures

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(5)

Published: May 1, 2024

Abstract Climate change effects on tree reproduction are poorly understood, even though the resilience of populations relies sufficient regeneration to balance increasing rates mortality. Forest‐forming species often mast, i.e. reproduce through synchronised year‐to‐year variation in seed production, which improves pollination and reduces predation. Recent observations European beech show, however, that current climate can dampen interannual synchrony production this masting breakdown drastically viability crops. Importantly, it is unclear under conditions occurs how widespread pan‐European species. Here, we analysed 50 long‐term datasets population‐level sampled across distribution beech, identified summer temperatures as general driver breakdown. Specifically, increases site‐specific mean maximum during June July were observed most range, while variability (CVp) decreased. The declines CVp greatest, where increased rapidly. Additionally, occurrence crop failures low years has decreased last four decades, signalling altered starvation predators. Notably, did not vary among sites according site temperature. Instead, response warming local (i.e. relative temperatures), such risk restricted growing warm average conditions. As lowered reduce viable despite overall increase count, our results warn a covert mechanism underway may hinder potential change, with great alter forest functioning community dynamics.

Language: Английский

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Ecosystem Resilience for Climate Resilience, Strategies and Innovations: A Case Study from Developing Countries

Climate change management, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 49 - 64

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Tropical forests in the Americas are changing too slowly to track climate change

Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 387(6738)

Published: March 6, 2025

Understanding the capacity of forests to adapt climate change is pivotal importance for conservation science, yet this still widely unknown. This knowledge gap particularly acute in high-biodiversity tropical forests. Here, we examined how Americas have shifted community trait composition recent decades as a response changes climate. Based on historical trait-climate relationships, found that, overall, studied functional traits show shifts less than 8% what would be expected given observed However, recruit assemblage shows 21% relative expectation. The most diverse Earth are changing but at rate that fundamentally insufficient track change.

Language: Английский

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A comprehensive resilience assessment of Mexican tree species and their relationship with drought events over the last century

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(13), P. 3652 - 3666

Published: April 7, 2023

The resilience of forests to drought events has become a major natural resource sustainability concern, especially in response climate change. Yet, little is known about the legacy effects repeated droughts, and tree species ability respond across environmental gradients. In this study, we used tree-ring database (121 sites) evaluate overall last century. We investigated how geography affected at level. evaluated temporal trends using predictive mixed linear modeling approach. found that pointer years (e.g., growth reduction) occurred during 11.3% 20th century, with an average decrease 66% compared previous period. occurrence was associated negative values Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI, 81.6%) Palmer Drought Severity (PDSI, 77.3%). Tree differed their capacity, however, inhabiting xeric conditions were less resistant but higher recovery rates Abies concolor, Pinus lambertiana, jeffreyi). On average, needed 2.7 recover from events, extreme cases requiring more than decade reach pre-drought rates. main abiotic factor related precipitation, confirming some are better adapted resist droughts. variation for all indices (scaled 100), decreasing resistance (-0.56 by decade) (-0.22 decade), (+1.72 relative rate (+0.33 decade). Our results emphasize importance time series forest resilience, particularly distinguishing species-level context which likely frequent intense under changing climate.

Language: Английский

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Exploring the effects of forest management on tree diversity, community composition, population structure and carbon stocks in sudanian domain of Senegal, West Africa

Forest Ecology and Management, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 559, P. 121821 - 121821

Published: March 8, 2024

Human disturbances lead to forest degradation and a drastic reduction in area. In Africa, the most affected continent by this phenomenon, selective cutting of trees remains main management strategy. However, effects on biodiversity are insufficiently known, particularly Africa. We investigated how affects tree species diversity, composition, size structure carbon biomass mature juvenile sudanian domain Senegal comparing unmanaged forests three types managed forests, while considering disturbance level each stand. collected floristic data five fifteen stands, respectively. calculated richness, Shannon-Wiener diversity Index (alpha, beta gamma), as well stocks for Then we fitted linear models estimate differences between index. also analyzed composition highly valuable species. total, 26,009 183 were recorded. Our findings showed that status affect different ways explains greater proportion variation than status. Considering alpha, gamma found no significant association any these metrics status, either or trees. Disturbance was only significantly associated with Species both level, unlike where associations not significant. The distribution diameter forms an inverted J-shape category level. neither median nor absolute deviation presented function For stocks, none observed statistically indicated zone more respond differently Disturbances underlying process changes forests. These suggest better protection development specific conservation action plans species, especially threatened at national global levels order minimize their risk local extinction.

Language: Английский

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Drought as an emergent driver of ecological transformation in the twenty-first century

BioScience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 74(8), P. 524 - 538

Published: June 18, 2024

Under climate change, ecosystems are experiencing novel drought regimes, often in combination with stressors that reduce resilience and amplify drought's impacts. Consequently, appears increasingly likely to push systems beyond important physiological ecological thresholds, resulting substantial changes ecosystem characteristics persisting long after ends (i.e., transformation). In the present article, we clarify how can lead transformation across a wide variety of including forests, woodlands, grasslands. Specifically, describe change alters regimes this translates impacts on plant population growth, either directly or through interactions factors such as land management, biotic interactions, other disturbances. We emphasize among mechanisms inhibit postdrought recovery shift trajectories toward alternate states. Providing holistic picture initiates long-term supports development risk assessments, predictive models, management strategies, enhancing preparedness for complex growing challenge.

Language: Английский

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Integrating the resilience concept into ecosystem restoration

Restoration Ecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 31(5)

Published: March 24, 2023

Restoring resilient ecosystems is critical to preparing for the uncertain effects of climatic change on ecosystem functioning and socially relevant services. The UN Decade Ecosystem Restoration attempts inspire global ecological restoration movement, reverse degradation, mitigate climate impacts. We present ways in which resilience might be further integrated into science ecology practice address uncertainty associated with current impacts adverse change. describe how incorporating meaningful community engagement, expanding monitoring indicators, upscaling across spatial–temporal scales will improve state restoration. case studies approaches Southeast Asia that utilize confer (resistance, recovery, reorganization) their projects broader social‐ecological systems. panarchy framework encapsulates importance strengthening relationships between all stakeholders build larger scales.

Language: Английский

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Demographic synthesis for global tree species conservation

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 38(6), P. 579 - 590

Published: Feb. 22, 2023

Language: Английский

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Analytical and numerical insights into wildfire dynamics: Exploring the advection–diffusion–reaction model

Computers & Mathematics with Applications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 158, P. 179 - 198

Published: Feb. 9, 2024

Understanding the dynamics of wildfire is crucial for developing management and intervention strategies. Mathematical computational models can be used to improve our understanding processes dynamics. This paper presents a systematic study widely advection–diffusion–reaction model with non-linear coupling. The importance single mechanisms discovered by analysing hierarchical sub-models. Numerical simulations provide further insight into As result, influence wind parameters such as bulk density or heating value on propagation speed remaining biomass after burn are assessed. Linearisation techniques reduced surprisingly good estimates in full model.

Language: Английский

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Soil fungal and bacterial communities reflect differently tundra vegetation state transitions and soil physico‐chemical properties

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 243(1), P. 407 - 422

Published: May 15, 2024

Summary Strong disturbances may induce ecosystem transitions into new alternative states that sustain through plant–soil interactions, such as the transition of dwarf shrub‐dominated graminoid‐dominated vegetation by herbivory in tundra. Little evidence exists on soil microbial communities states, and along slow process return predisturbance state. We analysed vegetation, activities well physico‐chemical properties historical reindeer enclosures northernmost Finland following plot types: control heaths surrounding tundra; graminoid‐dominated; ‘shifting’; recovered inside enclosures. Soil fungal followed changes whereas bacterial were more affected properties. Graminoid plots characterized moulds, pathotrophs dark septate endophytes. Ericoid mycorrhizal saprotrophic fungi typical for plots. showed contingency, their spatial variation was high despite being homogeneous. Self‐maintaining feedback loops between plant functional types, communities, carbon nutrient mineralization act effectively to stabilize but once reestablishes itself, back towards

Language: Английский

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