Leaf physiological and morphological constraints of water-use efficiency in C3 plants

AoB Plants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(4)

Published: July 1, 2023

Abstract The increasing evaporative demand due to climate change will significantly affect the balance of carbon assimilation and water losses plants worldwide. development crop varieties with improved water-use efficiency (WUE) be critical for adapting agricultural strategies under predicted future climates. This review aims summarize most important leaf morpho-physiological constraints WUE in C3 identify gaps knowledge. From gain side WUE, discussed parameters are mesophyll conductance, carboxylation respiratory losses. traits affecting waterside this stomatal size density, control residual (cuticular bark conductance), nocturnal conductance hydraulic conductance. In addition, we impact anatomy crown architecture on both loss components WUE. There multiple possible targets understanding sources variability plants. We identified as greatest knowledge whole-plant assessments. Moreover, trichomes, canopy structure plants’ is still not well understood. a multi-trait approach urgently needed better dynamics optimization.

Language: Английский

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Sap flow and growth response of Norway spruce under long-term partial rainfall exclusion at low altitude

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Feb. 14, 2023

Under ongoing climate change, more frequent and severe drought periods accompanied by heat waves are expected in the future. these conditions, tree's survival is conditioned fast recovery of functions after release. Therefore, presented study, we evaluated effect long-term water reduction soil on tree use growth dynamics Norway spruce.The experiment was conducted two young spruce plots located suboptimal sites at a low altitude 440 m a.s.l. In first plot (PE), 25% precipitation throughfall excluded since 2007, second one represented control treatment with ambient conditions (PC). Tree sap flow, stem radial increment, deficit were monitored consecutive growing seasons: 2015-2016, contrasting hydro-climatic conditions.Trees both treatments showed relatively isohydric behavior reflected strong flow under exceptional 2015. Nevertheless, trees from PE reduced faster than PC decreasing potential, exhibiting stomatal response. This led to significantly lower PE, compared The maximal rates also for treatment, PC. Both experienced minimal during 2015 subsequent humid year 2016. However, did not differ increments within respective years.Precipitation exclusion therefore, loss adjustment, but affect response intense drought.

Language: Английский

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Boreal forest tree growth and sap flow after a low-severity wildfire

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 347, P. 109899 - 109899

Published: Jan. 25, 2024

Boreal forests are exposed to larger and more frequent fires due climate change, with significant consequences for their carbon water balances. Low-severity (trees charred but surviving) the most common fire regime in Eurasian boreal forest, we still lack understanding on how they impact tree functioning. This study focused dynamics of transpiration stem growth Pinus sylvestris central Sweden after a large wildfire 2018. We compared stand impacted by low-severity (LM) an unburnt (UM), over three years following (2020–2022). found that was average lower variable within at LM UM. also had consistently UM, resulting accumulated site second fourth year fire. Our results highlight complex effects cycling, both direct (damage xylem roots) indirect impacts (due loss understory vegetation changes soil properties). Trees affected exhibited reduced resilience shortages. Considering expected increase frequency droughts forest higher northern latitudes, such may put additional pressure forest.

Language: Английский

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Transpiration and water use sources of poplar (Populus × xiaozhuanica) plantations with 7-years vs. 20-years old in a semiarid sandy region of Northeast China

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 356, P. 110171 - 110171

Published: July 26, 2024

Language: Английский

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Toward a better understanding of angiosperm xylogenesis: a new method for a cellular approach

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 239(2), P. 792 - 805

Published: May 10, 2023

Summary The kinetics of wood formation in angiosperms are largely unknown because their complex xylem anatomy precludes using the radial position vessels and fibers to infer time differentiation. We analyzed xylogenesis ring‐porous ash ( Fraxinus angustifolia ) diffuse‐porous beech Fagus sylvatica over 1 yr proposed a novel procedure assess period vessel fiber enlargement referential file (RRF). Our approach captured dynamics provided robust estimation enlargement. In beech, had similar duration enlargement, decreasing from 14 5 d between April July. ash, wide formed enlarged at rate 27 × 10 3 μm 2 −1 , requiring half contemporary (6 vs 12 d), less than narrower (14 d) May. These findings reveal distinct cell‐type‐dependent mechanisms for differentiation trees, enhancing our understanding angiosperm cell kinetics. presents an effective method investigating provides more accurate representation morphogenesis models.

Language: Английский

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Variability and Relationship Between Phenological and Morphological Traits in Early and Late Pedunculate Oak

Forests, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(2), P. 198 - 198

Published: Jan. 22, 2025

Variability and relationship between phenological traits leaf, acorn, tree size morphometric were examined in early late bud-flushing groups of the pedunculate oak population vicinity Sremska Mitrovica, Serbia. According to obtained three-year results, there no significant differences leaf characteristics group. The effect trees within was statistically considerable, especially blade width (lbw) area (la). Acorn length (acl) acorn index (acinx) significantly influenced by group, achieving moderate contribution group total variation. There a clear on variation traits. year monitoring same not significant, but interaction year, case describing period from bud swelling until emergence wrinkled leaves (f12a), unfolded (f12b), fully developed (f12g) their ratio with 8 March leaves: f12b/f02a f12g/f02a ratio. Earlier phenology warmer years is clearer than one. Periods different f12a, f12b, f12g phases shorter 2017 (with warm April) 2015 temperatures longer Examined classified six based factorial loadings first principal components rotated Varimax method, revealing strict distinction original nature. In that sense, all could be considered as informative variability studies oak. (tree height diameter at breast height) formed separate, fifth suggesting close these any other characteristic. Both cluster analysis PCA suggest distinct classification trees’ phenology, also considerable second component which closely related characteristics. research should continued populations progenies, respect Understanding variations oaks essential for designing robust forest adaptation management strategies.

Language: Английский

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Assessing crown reduction as a strategy to mitigate drought stress during initial development of sessile oak and Norway spruce saplings

Central European Forestry Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 71(1), P. 3 - 13

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Abstract Droughts, amplified by climate change, pose a significant threat to the success of both artificially and naturally regenerated forests. Understanding how these changes affect initial stages saplings development is crucial for forest establishment, particularly ecologically economically important species like Norway spruce sessile oak in Central Europe. This study investigated impact crown reduction (CR) 50% length on each species. Automatic dendrometers were installed 24 per precisely monitor growth water-related stem changes. The main objective was investigate potential ameliorative effect CR water-stressed during their development. Our hypothesized that CR, decreasing leaf area consequently water use, would improve availability facilitate sapling growth. results indicate may enhance soil thereby supporting but not those oak. tree deficit – an indicator status significantly improves subjected ( p < 0.05). Conversely, this treatment resulted depletion saplings. species-specific phenology revealed led increase number growing days compared In summary, be considered beneficial method alleviating stress saplings, especially drought. addition, further testing field conditions necessary confirm results.

Language: Английский

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Provenance differences and factors influencing transpiration of Cunninghamia lanceolata in a common garden experiment

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Feb. 24, 2025

Tree transpiration is a key component of forest evapotranspiration, and sap flow monitoring the primary way to study tree canopy water consumption. However, provenance differences in unique responses environmental factors are not well understood. We measured calculated evapotranspiration (Ec) 15 Chinese fir provenances from five provinces common garden monitored soil moisture meteorological variables between September 2020 2022. Mean daily Ec Guangxi (GX), Sichuan (SC), Anhui (AH), Yunan (YN), Zhejiang (ZJ) were 1.31 ± 0.99 g·d-1, 1.59 1.18 1.62 1.43 1.41 1.01 1.48 1.13 g·d-1 during period, respectively. The mean Guangxi, Sichuan, Anhui, Yunan, exhibited significant (p <0.01). Overall, these was high June August. Soil had different effects on provenances. Zhejiang, showed higher values when REW <0.4 than REW≥0.4 conditions, but Yunnan no under two conditions. When relatively moist, mainly influenced by Rs VPD. dry, main influencing Ta our findings revealed provenance-specific biophysical factors, providing valuable insights for selection superior perspective use context changing climate.

Language: Английский

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Reconstructing Evapotranspiration in British Columbia Since 1850 Using Publicly Available Tree-Ring Plots and Climate Data

Remote Sensing, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(5), P. 930 - 930

Published: March 6, 2025

Evapotranspiration (ET) rates will be affected by climate change and increasing frequency of extreme heat events. To understand how forests may respond to probable future conditions, it helpful look at the past relationship between ET. This can accomplished using satellite imagery since 1980s, but prior that, a different approach is required. Using global ET dataset (1982 2010) with 1 km resolution, station information from 1850 2010, 54 tree-ring plots International Tree-Ring Data Bank (ITRDB) database, reconstructions were developed for each vegetated pixel point-by-point regressions in British Columbia. was estimated province Columbia Canada 1981, random forest, support vector machine, convolutional neural network regressions. images 1982 2010 formed our train models pixel. The forest regression outperformed other approaches lower errors better robustness (adjusted R2 value = 0.69; root mean square error 10.72 mm/month). Modeled findings indicate that are generally (ET 0.0064 × Year + 52.339), there regional effects on local ET, as only Humid Temperate ecodomain had strong correlations summer temperature (r 0.257, p < 0.01) precipitation −0.208, 0.05). These historical estimates provide an opportunity observe spatiotemporal variation across elsewhere.

Language: Английский

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Pedunculate oak is more resistant to drought and extreme events than narrow-leaved ash in Central European floodplain forests

Forest Ecology and Management, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 561, P. 121907 - 121907

Published: April 17, 2024

Language: Английский

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