A Study in Reproducibility: The Congruent Matching Cells Algorithm and cmcR Package DOI Open Access
Joseph Zemmels, Susan VanderPlas, Heike Hofmann

et al.

The R Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 79 - 102

Published: Feb. 10, 2023

Scientific research is driven by our ability to use methods, procedures, and materials from previous studies further adding it. As the need for computationally-intensive methods analyze large amounts of data grows, criteria needed achieve reproducibility, specifically computational have become more sophisticated. In general, prosaic descriptions algorithms are not detailed or precise enough ensure complete reproducibility a method. Results may be sensitive conditions commonly specified in written-word such as implicit parameter settings programming language used. To true it necessary provide all intermediate code used produce published results. this paper, we consider class developed perform firearm evidence identification on cartridge case known *Congruent Matching Cells* (CMC) methods. date, these been textual only. We introduce first open-source implementation Congruent Cells R package cmcR. structured cmcR set sequential, modularized functions intended ease process experimentation. novel variance ratio statistic explore CMC methodology demonstrate how fill gaps when provided with computationally ambiguous algorithms.

Language: Английский

Validity and reliability of forensic firearm examiners DOI
Erwin J.A.T. Mattijssen,

Cilia Witteman,

Charles E.H. Berger

et al.

Forensic Science International, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 307, P. 110112 - 110112

Published: Dec. 18, 2019

Language: Английский

Citations

49
Treatment of inconclusives in the AFTE range of conclusions DOI Creative Commons
Heike Hofmann, Alicia L. Carriquiry, Susan VanderPlas

et al.

Law Probability and Risk, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 19(3-4), P. 317 - 364

Published: Dec. 1, 2020

Abstract In the past decade, and in response to recommendations set forth by National Research Council Committee on Identifying Needs of Forensic Sciences Community (2009), scientists have conducted several black-box studies that attempt estimate error rates firearm examiners. Most these resulted vanishingly small rates, at least one them (D. P. Baldwin, S. J. Bajic, M. Morris, D. Zamzow. A Study False-Positive False-Negative Error Rates Cartridge Case Comparisons. Technical report, Ames Lab IA, Performing, Fort Belvoir, VA, April 2014.) was cited President’s Advisors Science Technology (PCAST) during Obama administration, as an example a well-designed experiment. What has received little attention, however, is actual calculation particular, effect inconclusive findings those estimates. The treatment inconclusives assessment errors far-reaching implications legal system. Here, we revisit area firearms examination, investigating their results. It clear there are stark differences rate results regions with different norms for training reporting conclusions. More surprisingly, decisions materials from sources notably higher than same-source some regions. To mitigate effects this difference propose unifying approach directly applicable forensic laboratories settings.

Language: Английский

Citations

28
Evaluating firearm examiner conclusion variability using cartridge case reproductions DOI

Eric F. Law,

Keith B. Morris

Journal of Forensic Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 66(5), P. 1704 - 1720

Published: May 31, 2021

Abstract The forensic science pattern comparison areas, including fingerprints, footwear, and firearms, have been criticized for their subjective nature. While much research has attempted to move these disciplines more objective methods, examiners are still coming conclusions based on own training experience. To complement this subjectivity, black box studies necessary establish the accuracy of feature‐comparison methods. However, when cartridges fired by a firearm create cartridge case test sets there may be significant variability within resulting impressions. This can result in different participants receiving with varying levels difficulty differences impression quality. Therefore, between is not straightforward. compare examiners, method called double‐casting was used plastic reproductions. Double‐casts twenty‐one master cases were created mailed examiners. double‐casts ensured that all comparing exhibits same level detail. tasked determining if unknown each set as three knowns. Automated comparisons also set. results from study showed examiner examining evidence. Furthermore, it shown automated metrics would benefit quality control measure correct any potential errors strengthen conclusions.

Language: Английский

Citations

23
Forensic comparison of fired cartridge cases: Feature-extraction methods for feature-based calculation of likelihood ratios DOI Creative Commons
Nabanita Basu, Rachel Bolton-King, Geoffrey Stewart Morrison

et al.

Forensic Science International Synergy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 5, P. 100272 - 100272

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

We describe and validate a feature-based system for calculation of likelihood ratios from 3D digital images fired cartridge cases. The includes database the bases 10 cartridges per firearm approximately 300 firearms same class (semi-automatic pistols that fire 9 mm diameter centre-fire Luger-type ammunition, have hemispherical firing pins parallel breech-face marks). were captured using Evofinder®, an imaging is commonly used by operational forensic laboratories. A key component research reported comparison different feature-extraction methods. Feature sets compared include those previously proposed in literature, plus Zernike-moment based features. Comparisons are also made feature extracted firing-pin impression, region, whole region interest (firing-pin impression + flowback if present). Likelihood calculated statistical modelling pipeline standard voice comparison. Validation conducted results assessed validation procedures metrics graphics

Language: Английский

Citations

13
Comparison and interpretation of impressed marks left by a firearm on cartridge cases – Towards an operational implementation of a likelihood ratio based technique DOI Creative Commons
Fabiano Riva, Erwin J.A.T. Mattijssen,

Rob Hermsen

et al.

Forensic Science International, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 313, P. 110363 - 110363

Published: June 10, 2020

Firearm examination is subject to increased scrutiny regarding its foundational validity and inherent subjective nature. The use of automatic comparison systems may help reduce subjectivity. In this paper, we present the performance limits an system that assigns a weight forensic findings for comparisons between firing pin marks, breechface or combination two. This expressed by likelihood ratio (LR) based on 3D topographical measurements coupled with bi-dimensional statistical model. As such depend reference databases used inform model, investigated impact brand ammunition number samples. We show calculate LRs should ideally consist same type as seen in case under investigation 7 specimens fired firearm are enough obtain rates misleading evidence similar magnitude compared those obtained when far more (60) used. Additionally, was assess outcomes cases known same-source different-source ground truths. These were also examined 8 qualified examiners. all cases, experts' appraisals line truth. showed some limitations data not sufficient robust LR, but it can assist enhance examiners their decision process.

Language: Английский

Citations

17
Fired bullet signature correlation using the Congruent Matching Profile Segments (CMPS) method DOI Creative Commons
Zhe Chen, Wei Chu, Johannes A. Soons

et al.

Forensic Science International, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 305, P. 109964 - 109964

Published: Oct. 2, 2019

Language: Английский

Citations

17
Interpol review of shoe and tool marks 2016-2019 DOI Creative Commons
Martin Baiker,

Koen Herlaar,

Isaäc Keereweer

et al.

Forensic Science International Synergy, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 2, P. 521 - 539

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

This review paper covers the forensic-relevant literature in shoe and tool mark examination from 2016 to 2019 as a part of 19th Interpol International Forensic Science Managers Symposium. The papers are also available at website at: https://www.interpol.int/content/download/14458/file/Interpol%20Review%20Papers%202019.pdf.

Language: Английский

Citations

13
Correlation of firing pin impressions based on congruent matching cross-sections (CMX) method DOI Creative Commons
Hao Zhang,

John Song,

Mingsi Tong

et al.

Forensic Science International, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 263, P. 186 - 193

Published: April 28, 2016

Language: Английский

Citations

12
Pilot study on deformed bullet correlation DOI Creative Commons
Zhe Chen,

John Song,

Johannes A. Soons

et al.

Forensic Science International, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 306, P. 110098 - 110098

Published: Dec. 9, 2019

Language: Английский

Citations

12
Assessing forensic ballistics three-dimensionally through graphical reconstruction and immersive VR observation DOI Creative Commons
Luca Guarnera, Oliver Giudice, Salvatore Livatino

et al.

Multimedia Tools and Applications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 82(13), P. 20655 - 20681

Published: Oct. 21, 2022

Abstract A crime scene can provide valuable evidence critical to explain reason and modality of the occurred crime, it also lead arrest criminals. The type collected by investigators or law enforcement may accordingly effective involved cases. Bullets cartridge cases examination is paramount importance in forensic science because they contain traces microscopic striations, impressions markings, which are unique reproducible as “ballistic fingerprints”. analysis bullets a complicated challenging process, typically based on optical comparison, leading identification employed firearm. New methods have recently been proposed for more accurate comparisons, rely three-dimensionally reconstructed data. This paper aims at further advancing recent introducing novel immersive technique ballistics comparison means Virtual Reality. Users examine shapes through intuitive natural gestures, from any vantage viewpoint (including internal iper-magnified views), while having their disposal sets visual aids could not be easily implemented desktop-based applications. user study was conducted assess viability performance our solution, fourteen individuals acquainted with standard procedures used agencies. Results clearly indicated that approach faster adaptation users UI/UX explainable results.

Language: Английский

Citations

7