Biodiversity in residential gardens: a review of the evidence base

Biodiversity and Conservation, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 32(13), P. 4155 - 4179

Published: Aug. 19, 2023

Abstract Residential gardens are a principal component of urban green infrastructure throughout the world and their potential positive contributions to biodiversity increasingly recognised. But characteristics reflect needs, values interests individual households. The present review summarises evidence from studies garden published in scientific literature, describes major themes identifies important knowledge gaps. A search Web Science database identified 408 articles on residential (1981–2022), with numbers increasing over time strong bias towards Europe (32.1%) North America (23.8%). Plants invertebrates were most frequently studied, species diversity was often correlated size habitat complexity. Botanic composition vegetation cover positively associated abundance fauna. Non-native plants contributed substantially plant some indicated benefits other linked functional attributes. Intensive management including frequent lawn mowing, fertiliser pesticide application, more formal, ‘neater’ appearance reduced biodiversity. However, results varied amongst studies, for example relation impacts mowing frequency diversity. There general paucity experimental different regimes few replicated tests recommended ‘wildlife-friendly practices’. Several importance connectivity infra-structure dispersal ecosystem functioning. Emerging threats include replacement by development, conversion hard surfaces declining plot sizes. Managing these challenges maximising value requires greater engagement policymakers planners, partnerships between public bodies private households co-ordinate local initiatives.

Language: Английский

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Using simulation modeling to demonstrate the performance of graph theory metrics and connectivity algorithms

Journal of Environmental Management, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 352, P. 120073 - 120073

Published: Jan. 23, 2024

Models and metrics to measure ecological connectivity are now well-developed widely used in research applications mitigate the impacts of climate change anthropogenic habitat loss. Despite prevalent application models, however, relatively little is known about performance these methods predicting functional patterns organism movement. Our goal this paper was compare different models their abilities predict a wide range simulated animal movement patterns. We Pathwalker software evaluate several model predictions based on graph theory, resistant kernels, factorial least-cost paths. In addition, we assessed efficacy synoptic patch-based approaches defining source points for analysis. total, produced 28 simulations As expected, found that choice variable most influenced prediction accuracy. Moreover, kernels approach consistently provided strongest correlations underlying processes. The results also suggested agent-based simulation itself can often be best analytical framework map conservation applications, given its biological realism flexibility implement combinations mechanism, dispersal threshold, directional bias, destination bias spatial composition locations doing so, provide novel insights guide future analyses. research, could use same species groups see how reliability depends analyzed. This bring light other elements play an essential role connectivity.

Language: Английский

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Infectious disease as a driver of declines and extinctions

Cambridge Prisms Extinction, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract Infectious disease is an important driver of extinctions and population declines. With a few exceptions, such as the fungal chytridiomycosis in frogs, probably underestimated cause both local global extinction because it often co-occurs with other more overt drivers extinction, its signs can be easily overlooked. Here, we discuss issues around attributing to infectious overview key underlying factors. We then examine extent which anthropogenic influences, climate change, habitat destruction exotic species introductions, are likely lead increased risk association disease. Finally, strategies mitigate threat due

Language: Английский

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Biological invasions negatively impact global protected areas

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 948, P. 174823 - 174823

Published: July 15, 2024

Language: Английский

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Genomic investigations of successful invasions: the picture emerging from recent studies

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 16, 2025

ABSTRACT Invasion biology aims to identify traits and mechanisms that contribute successful invasions, while also providing general insights into the underlying population expansion adaptation rapid climate habitat changes. Certain phenotypic attributes have been linked role of genetics has critical in understanding invasive species. Nevertheless, a comprehensive summary evaluating most common evolutionary associated with invasions across species environments is still lacking. Here we present systematic review studies since 2015 applied genomic tools investigate different organisms. We examine demographic patterns such as changes diversity at level, presence genetic bottlenecks gene flow range. selection from standing variation de novo mutations, hybridisation introgression, all which can an impact on invasion success. This recent articles led creation searchable database provide researchers accessible resource. Analysis this allowed quantitative assessment adaptive acting A predominant admixture increasing levels enabling molecular novel habitats important finding our study. The “genetic paradox” was not validated data ecosystems. Even though drift commonly reported upon invasion, large reduction rarely observed. Any decrease often relatively mild almost always restored via between populations. fact loci under are frequently detected suggests level hindered. above findings confirmed herein for first time semi‐quantitative manner by data. point gaps potential improvements design driving These include scarcity sampling multiple native populations, identification sources, longitudinal sampling, integration fitness measures analyses. note whole genome exploited fully predicting potential. Comparative identifying features promoting underrepresented despite their use tool control.

Language: Английский

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Invasive alien species and biodiversity: impacts and management

Biodiversity, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(1-2), P. 1 - 3

Published: April 3, 2021

As far back as the 18th century, many naturalists including Augustin Pyramus De Candolle and Charles Darwin, observed phenomenon of non-native species. These were defined ‘species outside of...

Language: Английский

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Evaluating sampling bias correction methods for invasive species distribution modeling in Maxent

Ecological Informatics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 76, P. 102124 - 102124

Published: May 19, 2023

Language: Английский

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Profiling insular vertebrates prone to biological invasions: What makes them vulnerable?

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 28(3), P. 1077 - 1090

Published: Nov. 15, 2021

Invasive alien species (IAS) are a major threat to insular vertebrates, although the ecological characteristics that make communities vulnerable IAS poorly understood. After describing strategies of 6015 amphibians, birds, lizards, and mammals, we assessed functional features vertebrates exposed IAS. We found at least 50% amphibian richness was hosted by IAS-threatened amphibians up 29% for birds. Moreover, all groups except birds harbored higher than threatened other threats. Disentangling IAS, compared those associated with threats, showed mammals were more likely be terrestrial foragers have larval development. By contrast, large-bodied habitat specialists universally threatened. considering aspect diversity, our work improves understanding global impacts. This new dimension proves essential undertaking relevant effective conservation actions.

Language: Английский

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Raccoons contraband – The metazoan parasite fauna of free-ranging raccoons in central Europe

International Journal for Parasitology Parasites and Wildlife, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20, P. 79 - 88

Published: Jan. 13, 2023

The invasive raccoon (Procyon lotor) is an abundant carnivore and considered as important potential vector of infectious diseases parasites in Europe. Raccoons show a broad, opportunistic, omnivorous food spectrum. Food supply habitat quality urban areas are very attractive for the generalist raccoon. This inevitably leads to increased interaction with humans, domestic animals livestock, making potentially suitable zoonosis vector. In its autochthonous range, especially Eastern Midwestern United States, has been studied intensively since beginning 20th century. Whereas, basic field biology parasitology studies Germany Europe lacking have only conducted sporadically, regionally on small sample sizes. presented study 234 raccoons from central were comprehensively examined their metazoan parasite fauna. present shows first time extremely diverse fauna outside native range proves essential role intermediate hosts ecto- endoparasites. A total 23 different species identified, five which human pathogens, 14 new pathogenic roundworm Baylisascaris procyonis most common this study, prevalence up 95%. digenetic trematode Plagiorchis muris, another species, was detected raccoons. ongoing spread carnivores associated transmission other pathogens increases health risk wild farmed well humans. An increase parasitic humans (e.g. roundworm) be expected, areas, where becoming more abundant.

Language: Английский

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Passive Acoustic Monitoring as a Tool to Investigate the Spatial Distribution of Invasive Alien Species

Remote Sensing, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(18), P. 4565 - 4565

Published: Sept. 13, 2022

Invasive alien species (IAS) are a threat to biodiversity and ecosystem function worldwide. Unfortunately, researchers, agencies, other management groups face the unresolved challenge of effectively detecting monitoring IAS at large spatial temporal scales. To improve detection soniferous IAS, we introduced pipeline for large-scale passive acoustic (PAM). Our main goal was illustrate how PAM can be used rapidly provide baseline information on IAS. that aim, collected data across Puerto Rico from March June 2021 single-species occupancy models investigate distribution in archipelago assess peak vocal activity. Overall, detected 16 (10 birds, 3 mammals, frogs) 79 native an extensive set with 1,773,287 1-min recordings. Avian activity peaked early morning (between 5 a.m. 7 a.m.), while amphibians between 1 Occupancy probability ranged 0.002 0.67. In general, elevation forest cover older than 54 years were negatively associated occupancy, corroborating our expectation occurrence is related high levels human disturbance present higher probabilities places characterized by more intense activities. The work presented here demonstrates workable solution vocally active over area provides reproducible workflow extended allow continued longer timeframes.

Language: Английский

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