Wildlife parasitology: sample collection and processing, diagnostic constraints, and methodological challenges in terrestrial carnivores

Parasites & Vectors, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: March 13, 2024

Abstract Wild terrestrial carnivores play a crucial role as reservoir, maintenance, and spillover hosts for wide parasite variety. They may harbor, shed, transmit zoonotic parasites of veterinary importance domestic hosts. Although wild are globally distributed comprise many different species, some living in close proximity to human settlements, only few studies have investigated using non-specific techniques. Access samples be challenging species protected, others secretive, possibly explaining the data paucity. Considering carnivores’ health ecological role, combined with lack specific diagnostic methodologies, this review aims offer an overview methods investigation carnivores, providing precise techniques collection analysis fecal, blood, tissue samples, environmental impact on said limitations researchers currently face analyzing carnivores. In addition, paper offers information how factors affect detection postmortem insects can used estimate time death highlight insect larvae. The contains literature available procedures emphasizes need method standardization Graphical

Language: Английский

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Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Pathogens in Raccoon Dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) and Raccoons (Procyon lotor) from Schleswig-Holstein, Germany

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 270 - 270

Published: March 21, 2024

Raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) and raccoons (Procyon lotor) are invasive alien species originating from East Asia North America, respectively. They discussed as vectors reservoirs for various infectious diseases, including vector-borne zoonotic pathogens, therefore a potential threat to human domestic animal health, well biodiversity conservation. In the years 2021 2022, 110 raccoon 30 were screened via qPCR presence of Leptospira spp., Rickettsia spp. Borreliella in German federal state Schleswig-Holstein part health risk assessment study. confirmed one dog raccoon, identified afzelii raccoon. found 21 (19.44%) 2 (6.90%) raccoons. five dogs, borgpetersenii, kirschneri interrogans.

Language: Английский

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Tick-borne pathogens in raccoons (Procyon lotor) from Germany

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(2), P. 102457 - 102457

Published: Feb. 13, 2025

Language: Английский

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The Release of Non‐Native Gamebirds Is Associated With Amplified Zoonotic Disease Risk

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 28(4)

Published: April 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Spillback—where non‐native species increase native pathogen prevalence—is potentially an important mechanism by which non‐natives contribute to zoonotic disease emergence. However, spillback has not yet been directly demonstrated because it is difficult disentangle from confounding factors correlate with abundance and prevalence. Here, we capitalise on replicated, quasi‐experimental releases of pheasants ( Phasianus colchicus ) compare vector prevalence between sites similar local conditions but different densities. Prevalence Borrelia spp. (the causative agent Lyme disease) in questing ticks was almost 2.5x higher woods where are released compared control woods, a particularly strong effect garinii , bird specialist genospecies. Furthermore, adult (but nymphal) tended be more abundant at pheasant‐release woods. This work provides evidence that can impact via ecologically relevant contexts.

Language: Английский

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Linking patterns to processes: Using hunting bag data to classify raccoon (Procyon lotor) invasion stages in Germany since the 2000s

Ecological Indicators, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 175, P. 113568 - 113568

Published: May 9, 2025

Language: Английский

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Land cover and climatic conditions as potential drivers of the raccoon (Procyon lotor) distribution in North America and Europe

European Journal of Wildlife Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 69(3)

Published: June 1, 2023

Abstract The raccoon is listed among the invasive alien species of EU concern requiring management actions. Projections its global distribution have been mainly based on climatic variables so far. In this study, we aim to address impact land cover (LC) in North America and Europe. First, identified LC types which observation sites are predominantly located derive preferred types. Second, used an ecological niche modelling (ENM) approach evaluate predictive power information current patterns raccoons both ranges. Raccoons seem be more often associated forested areas mixed landscapes, including cropland urban areas, but underrepresented vegetation-poor with largely coinciding order compare climate variables, conducted principal component analyses all respective variable sets (climate variables) PC that together explain 90% total variance set as predictors. Land only models resulted patchy projected habitat suitabilities showed a higher performance compared Europe, suitability seems exceed observed occurrences, could indicate further spread potential We conclude important drivers, well spatial raccoon. Consideration benefit efforts control carnivores contribute better biodiversity, also human animal health.

Language: Английский

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Invasive mammalian wildlife and the risk of zoonotic parasites

Trends in Parasitology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 39(9), P. 786 - 798

Published: July 8, 2023

Language: Английский

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Evidence of predation pressure on sensitive species by raccoons based on parasitological studies

International Journal for Parasitology Parasites and Wildlife, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24, P. 100935 - 100935

Published: April 8, 2024

To demonstrate predation and potential impacts of raccoons on various species, a total 108 from aquatic-associated nature reserves natural areas in three federal states Germany, Hesse (n = 36), Saxony-Anhalt 36) Brandenburg were investigated dietary ecological perspective the present study. Fecal analyses stomach content examinations conducted for this purpose. Additionally, as supplementary method analyzing spectrum raccoons, parasite fauna was considered, metazoan parasites, particular, can serve indicators species origin food organisms. While allow detailed recording trophic relationships solely at time sampling, parasitological enable inferences about more distant interaction processes. With their different developmental stages heteroxenous life cycles involving specific, sometimes obligate, intermediate hosts, they utilize web to reach definitive host. The results study clearly that spawning amphibians reptiles predominantly utilized resources by areas. Thus, common toad (

Language: Английский

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Helminths in Invasive Raccoons (Procyon lotor) from Southwest Germany

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(7), P. 919 - 919

Published: July 8, 2023

As hosts of numerous zoonotic pathogens, the role raccoons needs to be considered in One Health context. Raccoons progressively expand their range as invasive alien species Europe. This study aimed investigate intestinal helminth fauna Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany, no such screening had ever been conducted there. In total, we obtained 102 animals from hunters 2019 and 2020. Intestinal helminths were retrieved using SSCT (segmented sedimentation counting technique) identified morphologically by PCR-based Sanger sequencing. Fecal samples assessed ELISA PetChekTM IP assay (IDEXX, Germany) flotation technique. The artificial digestion method was employed for analyzing muscle tissue. We detected four nematode genera (Baylisascaris procyonis, Toxocara canis, Capillaria spp., Trichuris spp.), three cestode (Atriotaenia cf. incisa/procyonis, Taenia martis, Mesocestoides trematode (Isthmiophora hortensis/melis, Plagiorchis muris, Brachylaima spp.). Echinococcus spp. Trichinella not found. behavior synanthropic habits may increase infection risk with these wildlife, domestic zoo animals, humans serving a connecting link. Therefore, it is crucial initiate additional studies assessing risks.

Language: Английский

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One health implications of fur farming

Frontiers in Animal Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4

Published: Oct. 25, 2023

Fur farming involves the captive-breeding, rearing, and killing of between 85 – 100 million animals annually for their pelts. The purpose this report is to summarise key areas significance concern regarding fur farming, discuss these matters one-health considerations. We conducted primary literature searches using Google Scholar PubMed that focused on issues animal welfare, zoonoses public health, environmental impacts examined 280 reports. identified at least 15 species are farmed across 19 countries. found 16 categories welfare (e.g., deprivation, stress, abnormal behaviours, insanitary conditions, forced obesity, high morbidity mortality), 18 reported endemic pathogens diseases with confirmed or potential zoonotic cross-species implications bacterial n = 6, viral 5, parasitic 7), four main greenhouse gas emissions, invasive alien species, toxic chemicals, eutrophication) associated farming. Despite numerous efforts systematically monitor control farms, practices continue fail meet normal scientific principles models used in other situations. In our view, limited available data does not currently indicate farms major sources epidemics pandemics. problems caused by significant, relate mainly chemical release eutrophication water bodies. offer some recommendations monitoring controlling particular practices, line many governments investigators we conclude inherent essentially unresolvable advocate complete prohibitions sector.

Language: Английский

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