Spatial variation in density of American black bears in northern Yellowstone National Park DOI Creative Commons
Nathaniel R. Bowersock, Andrea R. Litt, Michael A. Sawaya

et al.

Journal of Wildlife Management, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 88(1)

Published: Sept. 25, 2023

Abstract The quality and availability of resources are known to influence spatial patterns animal density. In Yellowstone National Park, relationships between the distribution grizzly bears ( Ursus arctos ) have been explored but yet be examined in American black americanus ). We conducted non‐invasive genetic sampling during 2017–2018 (mid‐May mid‐July) applied spatially explicit capture‐recapture models estimate density examine associations with landscape features. both years, estimates were higher forested vegetation communities, which provide food thermal security cover preferred by bears, compared non‐forested areas. 2017, also varied sex, female densities being than males. Based on our estimates, northern range Park supports one highest (20 bears/100 km 2 Rocky Mountains (6–12 other regions). Given these high densities, could wildlife populations more previously thought, such as through displacement sympatric predators from kills. Our study provides first for within an ecosystem that contains majority North America's large mammal species. a baseline can used future research management decisions including efforts reduce human–bear conflicts.

Language: Английский

Human avoidance, selection for darkness and prey activity explain wolf diel activity in a highly cultivated landscape DOI Creative Commons
Peter Sunde,

Sofie Amund Kjeldgaard,

Rasmus Mohr Mortensen

et al.

Wildlife Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2024(6)

Published: May 15, 2024

Wildlife that share habitats with humans limited options for spatial avoidance must either tolerate frequent human encounters or concentrate their activity into those periods the least risk of encountering people. Based on 5259 camera trap images adult wolves from eight territories, we analyzed extent to which diel patterns in a highly cultivated landscape extensive public access (Denmark) could be explained variation darkness, activity, and prey (deer) activity. A resource selection function contrasted every observation (use) 24 alternative hourly observations same day (availability), revealed correlated all three factors simultaneously having strongest effect (negative), followed by darkness (positive) deer (positive). model incorporating these effects had lower parsimony classified use availability just as well ‘circadian' smoothed use‐availability ratio time day. Most was supporting notion nocturnality (proportion registered at night vs. equinox) is proxy temporal avoidance. Contrary our expectations, were no more nocturnal territories unrestricted than where restricted roads, possibly because few possibilities walk hundred meters without crossing roads. Overall, Danish wolf packs 6.5 (95% CI: 4.6–9.6) times active daylight, make them amongst most nocturnally reported so far. These results confirm prediction avoidance, invest

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Facilitating giant panda crossings of national highway in Wolong area of Giant Panda National Park amid human activities DOI Creative Commons
H. Zhang,

Zongkun Shi,

Bin Feng

et al.

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(7)

Published: July 1, 2024

Abstract As human activities continue to expand, wildlife persistence faces escalating threats from roads. In Wolong area of Giant Panda National Park, the local giant pandas ( Ailuropoda melanoleuca ) are divided into two population groups along Highway G350 (NHG). Therefore, selecting suitable areas help those communicate across NHG is necessary. this research, we evaluated presence and simulated their absence analyze how they affect panda's habitat in Wolong. Subsequently, based on kernel density estimation (KDE) for main distribution locations, selected link between road sections NHG. We compare changes suitability index (HSI) connectivity value (CV) relative presence. aimed carefully select future panda corridor plans simulate whether eliminating will significantly improve HSI CV area. Our results show that: (1) Human has led subtle landscape pattern habitats a decrease by 78.76 km 2 compared absence. (2) reduced 1000 m buffer (3) The were higher than This research identified optimal section crossing These insights significant formulating conservation decisions promoting reserves amid high levels activity.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Distribution model transferability for a wide-ranging species, the Gray Wolf DOI Creative Commons
Mariela G. Gantchoff, Dean E. Beyer,

John D. Erb

et al.

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Aug. 8, 2022

Abstract Using existing data can be a reliable and cost-effective way to predict species distributions, particularly useful for recovering or expanding species. We developed current gray wolf ( Canis lupus ) distribution model the western Great Lakes region, USA, evaluated spatial transferability of single-state models region. This study is first assessment in wide-ranging carnivore, as well one few large extents. collected 3500 locations from winter surveys Minnesota (2017–2019), Wisconsin (2019–2020), Michigan (2017–2020). included 10 variables: proportion natural cover, pastures, crops; distance agriculture, land, water; major minor road density; snowfall (1-km res.). created regional ensemble by weight-averaging eight based on their performance. also models, estimated using two approaches: state cross-validation extrapolation. assessed performance quantifying correlations, receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC), sensitivities, niche similarity indices. The area most suitable wolves during (threshold = maximum sensitivity/specificity) was 106,465 km 2 (MN 48,083 , WI 27,757 MI 30,625 correctly predicted 88% analyzed. Increasing cover crops were consistently important determining distribution. Extrapolation (vs. cross-validation) produced results with greatest metrics, similar model, yet good internal unrelated greater extrapolation Factors influencing distributions are scale-dependent vary across areas due behavioral plasticity. When extending inferences beyond occurrence individuals, assessing variation ecology such habitat selection, methodological factors including performance, will critical avoid poor scientific interpretations develop effective conservation applications. In particular, accurate recovered carnivores used plans management, quantify potential unoccupied habitat, assess connectivity modeling, mitigate conflict, facilitating long-term persistence.

Language: Английский

Citations

11
Interpack communication in African wild dogs at long-term shared marking sites DOI
Megan J. Claase, Michael Cherry, Peter Apps

et al.

Animal Behaviour, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 192, P. 27 - 38

Published: Aug. 19, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

11
Quantifying anthropogenic wolf mortality in relation to hunting regulations and landscape attributes across North America DOI Creative Commons
Jacob E. Hill, Hailey M. Boone, Mariela G. Gantchoff

et al.

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(5)

Published: May 1, 2022

Understanding the types and magnitude of human-caused mortality is essential for maintaining viable large carnivore populations. We used a database cause-specific to examine how hunting regulations landscape configurations influenced North American gray wolves (Canis lupus). Our dataset included 21 studies that monitored fates 3564 reported 1442 mortalities. Human-caused accounted 61% overall, with 23% due illegal harvest, 16% legal 12% result management removal. The overall proportion anthropogenic wolf was lowest in areas an open season compared closed or mixed regulations, suggesting harvest neither fully additive nor compensatory. Proportion from removal reduced season, may reduce human-wolf conflicts alternatively have less potential removals (e.g., livestock depredation). natural habitat negatively correlated mortality. Additionally, increased greater fragmentation. observed association between patches reductions several sources reiterate importance preservation maintain Furthermore, effective populations via implementation conflict humans. Effective conservation will depend on holistic strategies integrate ecological socioeconomic factors facilitate their long-term coexistence

Language: Английский

Citations

9
The effect of anthropogenic features on the habitat selection of a large carnivore is conditional on sex and circadian period, suggesting a landscape of coexistence DOI
Vanesa Bejarano Alegre, Helena Rio‐Maior, Júlia Emi de Faria Oshima

et al.

Journal for Nature Conservation, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 73, P. 126412 - 126412

Published: April 30, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

5
North American Wolves DOI Open Access

Diane K. Boyd,

David Ausband,

Dean Cluff

et al.

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

The postcranial skeleton of the wolf is strongly linked to locomotor behaviors and, therefore, their hunting strategies.Wolves are coursing predators that obtain food by chasing prey.It can sometimes take days or even weeks locate suitable prey (Mech et al. 2015, Johnson 2017).Their maximum running speed 55-70 km/hr (35-44 mi/hr; Mech 1974a), but typical travel speeds 4-9 (3-6 1994, Musiani 1998). Vander Vennen (2016) demonstrated much variation in killing rates moose (Alces alces) wolves was explained movement wolves.Wolves have excellent senses smell, vision, and hearing, use any all these prey, depending on circumstances (Asa 1995, Harrington Asa 2003, 2007a, 2015).Use observation an important stage behavior, especially when pursuing large such as bison (Bison bison;MacNulty 2007).

Language: Английский

Citations

5
Hedgerows interact with forests to shape the abundance of mesopredators and their predation rate on eggs in farmland landscapes DOI Creative Commons
Carolina Bravo, Mathieu Sarasa, Vincent Bretagnolle

et al.

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 901, P. 165712 - 165712

Published: July 28, 2023

Nest predation is the main cause of reproductive failure, particularly in ground-nesting birds on farmlands. Understanding links between nest and habitat change can help design effective management schemes to constrain negative impact pressure birds. However, mechanisms underlying relationships landscape attributes, predator distribution, are still unclear. Here, we use an experimental approach examine effects distance hedgerow as well forest densities abundance major mesopredators ground nests our study area (i.e., corvids) rate artificial (n = 2576). We found evidence that configuration influenced patterns differently depending species. by corvids was more likely homogeneous open agricultural landscapes with a low density hedgerows, whereas other predators close hedgerows. also tended be lower dominated grasslands. Other variables such road human settlements had contrasted likelihood being depredated corvids, i.e., no effect proximity decreasing trend density. Altogether, results suggest features interact mesopredator distribution their rates nests. Therefore, from conservation perspective, heterogeneous includes mixture crops associated patches forests, grasslands offering alternative food generalist should contribute reducing bird predation.

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Key unprotected areas for carnivore conservation in Mexico DOI Open Access
Germar González, Nyeema C. Harris

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 12, 2024

Abstract Area-based conservation remains a pivotal component of global wildlife protection efforts. Mexico hosts diverse array area-based approaches, encompassing protected areas (PAs) and other effective measures (OECMs) such as voluntary (VCAs) management units (UMAs). Indigenous Territories (ITs) also provide heightened potential through traditional ecological knowledge systems. These spaces exhibit significant variations in community involvement, national coverage, governance. Here, we evaluate the these land types for 29 terrestrial carnivores, focusing on spatial co-occurrence. We determine lacking calculate carnivore richness per type. Analyzing overlap between ranges, employ heat maps to visualize occurrence key unprotected areas. found that across all 87% area under designated (PAs & VCAs), decreasing 65.2% after including non-designated (ITs UMAs). identified several gaps estate Mexican most notably eastern coast state Veracruz. Our findings corroborate importance Peoples Local Communities efforts, emphasizing their contributions stewardship ecosystems. As continues expand post-2020 biodiversity targets, well-designed portfolio practices is recognized, need collective action, increased collaboration inclusivity, communication amongst stakeholders becomes necessary conservation.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
White‐tailed deer exploit temporal refuge from multi‐predator and human risks on roads DOI Creative Commons
Todd M. Kautz, Nicholas L. Fowler, Tyler R. Petroelje

et al.

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(7)

Published: July 1, 2022

Although most prey have multiple predator species, few studies quantified how respond to the temporal niches of predators which pose different levels danger. For example, intraspecific variation in diel activity allows white-tailed deer (

Language: Английский

Citations

7