Environmental (in)justice in the Anthropocene ocean

Marine Policy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 147, P. 105383 - 105383

Published: Nov. 23, 2022

Language: Английский

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Projections of Future Marine Heatwaves for the Oceans Around New Zealand Using New Zealand's Earth System Model

Frontiers in Climate, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 4

Published: Feb. 23, 2022

This paper investigates marine heatwave (MHW) characteristics in New Zealand's Earth System Model (NZESM) simulations for present-day conditions and how they are projected to change the future relation anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Three emission scenarios following state of art shared-socioeconomic pathways (SSPs, SSP1 2.6, SSP2 4.5, SSP3 7.0) each evaluated with a set three ensemble members. These analyses focused on ocean around Zealand, where NZESM captures boundary currents mesoscale eddies, due its high-resolution nested grid. For conditions, model overestimates MHW intensity underestimates number annual days subtropical waters, while some smaller positive biases present subantarctic waters compared observations. Despite this, agrees observational pattern that more intense MHWs found waters. projects will increase strongly largest changes south Australia Tasman Sea Subtropical Front (STF) frontal region, which suggests southward shift STF under increased Results using high-emission scenario (SSP3 show an between 80 100% median intensities by end century relative all analyzed coastal regions, could become permanent year-round century.

Language: Английский

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Increasing Intensity of Extreme Heatwaves: The Crucial Role of Metrics

Geophysical Research Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 50(14)

Published: July 13, 2023

Abstract In weather and climate applications, a wide range of commonly employed heatwave intensity indices relies either on cumulative or averaged values temperature‐based variables. this study, by comparing four different applied to reanalysis data we show that metrics based lead important differences in the detection most intense events period 1950–2021. This suggests particular attention is needed when using two families for assessing intensity. Indices should be preferred over ones relying temporal averages, better allowing comparison length. Under these considerations, one considered used characterizing heatwaves 1950–2021, showing were unlikely before 1986 have become almost 10 times more frequent up three during recent times.

Language: Английский

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Understanding the Changing Nature of Marine Cold‐Spells

Geophysical Research Letters, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 49(6)

Published: March 17, 2022

Abstract Marine cold‐spell (MCS) metrics—such as frequency and intensity—are decreasing globally, while marine heatwave (MHW) metrics are increasing due to sea surface temperature (SST) warming. However, the concomitant changes in MHW MCS metrics, whether SST warming can similarly explain remain unclear. Here, we provide a comparative global assessment of these based on satellite observations over 1982–2020. Across globe, find distinct differences mean metrics. Furthermore, trends not necessarily aligned with While intensity mainly explained by variance trends, annual days less clear. Overall, intensities found be largely driven SST, rather than changes. Therefore, it is expected that will continue diminishing under

Language: Английский

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Long-term trends and extreme events of marine heatwaves in the Eastern China Marginal Seas during summer

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: March 12, 2024

Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are a type of widespread, persistent, and extreme marine warming event that can cause serious harm to the global ecology economy. This study provides systematic analysis long-term trends MHWs in Eastern China Marginal Seas (ECMS) during summer spanning from 1982 2022, occurrence mechanisms MHW events. The findings show context warming, frequency ECMS has increased across most regions, with higher rate along coast China. Areas exhibiting rapid surge duration predominantly reside southern Yellow Sea (SYS) East (ECS, south 28°N). In contrast, mean maximum intensities exhibit both increases decreases: Rising primarily occur Bohai (BS) (YS), whereas descending detected northern ECS (north Influenced jointly by intensity, cumulative intensity (CumInt) exhibits notable positive growth off Yangtze River Estuary, SYS ECS. By employing empirical orthogonal function, spatio-temporal features first two modes CumInt their correlation sea surface temperature (SST) SST variance further examined. mode displays anomalous pattern throughout ECMS, upward trend corresponding time series, rising is influenced warming. Moreover, interannual variability. Extreme events 2016 2018 examined using mixed layer equation. results suggest these originate atmospheric forcing oceanic vertical mixing. These processes involve an high-pressure system over splitting western Pacific subtropical high, augmented stability, diminished wind speeds, intensified solar radiation, reduced mixing, thereby leading accumulation more heat near forming

Language: Английский

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Artificial Seaweed Reefs That Support the Establishment of Submerged Aquatic Vegetation Beds and Facilitate Ocean Macroalgal Afforestation: A Review

Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(9), P. 1184 - 1184

Published: Aug. 24, 2022

Macroalgae are invaluable constituents of marine forest environments and important sources material for human needs. However, they currently at risk severe decline due to global warming negative anthropogenic factors. Restoration efforts focus on beds where macroalgae previously existed, as well the creation new forests. Some artificial seaweed reefs (ASRs) have succeeded but others failed; contributions ASRs formation been not fully determined. Here, we review ASRs, benefits macroalgal forests, threats macroalgae, restoration, explore current status ASRs. The published literature indicates that played critical roles in formation; notably, support establishment submerged aquatic vegetation allow ocean afforestation. evolved terms complexity materials used; can sustainably mitigate deforestation. continuous reviews ASR performance essential, improvements always possible.

Language: Английский

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Characterization and future projection of marine heatwaves under climate change in the South China Sea

Ocean Modelling, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 188, P. 102322 - 102322

Published: Jan. 16, 2024

Language: Английский

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A Catch Community Diversity Analysis of Purse Seine in the Tropical Western and Central Pacific Ocean

Fishes, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 10(4), P. 164 - 164

Published: April 7, 2025

Epipelagic fish communities dominate assemblages and are an important part of marine ecosystems due to their high abundance, vertical migration behavior, global distribution. Purse seine fisheries key components in the tropical Western Central Pacific Ocean (WCPO), primarily targeting skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis, SKJ), yellowfin (Thunnus albacares, YFT), bigeye obesus, BET). In this study, WCPO purse fishery data from 2014 2022, combined with environmental factor data, were used, Mantel tests correlation analysis employed analyze diversity, coexistence mechanisms, responses catch under following two different fishing strategies: free–swimming schools (FSCs) drifting aggregating devices (DFADs). indicated that nitrate (NO3−), Oceanic Niño Index (ONI), pH significantly impact diversity FSCs community, whereas NO3− affects DFADs community. Based on results, was positively correlated tuna, negatively black marlin (Istiompax indica, BLM). only tuna. addition, species correlations also correlated. The results study provide a theoretical basis for biodiversity conservation strategies WCPO.

Language: Английский

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Observation and Projection of Marine Heatwaves in the Caribbean Sea from CMIP6 Models

Remote Sensing, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(13), P. 2357 - 2357

Published: June 27, 2024

In recent decades, climate change has led to ocean warming, causing more frequent extreme events such as marine heatwaves (MHWs), which have been understudied in the Caribbean Sea. This study addresses this gap using 30 years of daily sea surface temperature (SST) data, complemented by projections for 21st century from nineteen Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models. 1983–2012 period, significant trends were observed spatially averaged MHWs frequency (1.32 annual per decade and node) mean duration (1.47 ± 0.29 days decade) but not intensity. addition, show large monthly variations these metrics, modulated interannual seasonal changes. seasonality is different three used being intense warm rainy months (intensity between 1.01 1.11 °C, 6.79 7.13 days) longer lasting late boreal winter 0.82 1.00 7.50 8.31 days). The behavior two that can occur both small areas Caribbean. Overall, models tend underestimate annually intensity, while they overestimate when compared observations. are under SSP585, sensible radiational scenario. However, an increase intensity (events much 154 2100) expected, driving a decrease (–37.39 SSP585 2100). These imply conditions at beginning will be nearly permanent Caribbean’s future. Nonetheless, caution advised interpreting due differences models’ simulations data. While advancements oceanic within CMIP6 demonstrate progress previous CMIP initiatives, challenges persist accurately simulating heatwaves.

Language: Английский

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Marine heatwaves and cold spells in the Northeast Atlantic: what should the UK be prepared for?

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Oct. 4, 2024

Up to now, the UK has avoided major marine heatwaves (MHWs) that cause severe damage ecosystems and blue economy. However, an unprecedented in its intensity, though short-lived, MHW occurred waters June 2023. This event sounded alarm bell, highlighting gaps our understanding of characteristics their potential future impacts UK. Here, we use a combination remote sensing data model output characterise MHWs Marine Cold Spells (MCSs) around wider North Atlantic, assess for concurrent biogeochemical extreme events. Results indicate across is not hot spot or MCSs but, regionally, southern Sea experiences most activity. also location chlorophyll-a concentrations, here termed waves (low chlorophyll-a) green (high chlorophyll-a). there very pronounced relationship between temperature extremes, which may be impacted by exact location, drivers season occurrence. In contrast, English Channel experience low near-bottom oxygen compound events year-round, which, due thermal stress reduced availability, negatively impact benthic ecosystems. While do appear as long-lasting intense other well-documented world, they are projected increase. Thus, unique opportunity learn from nations so develop robust comprehensive policies increase preparedness response capability

Language: Английский

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