Nanocomposite
hydrogels
offer
remarkable
potential
for
applications
in
bone
tissue
engineering.
They
are
synthesized
through
the
chemical
or
physical
crosslinking
of
polymers
and
nanomaterials,
allowing
enhancement
their
behaviour
by
modifying
properties
compositions
nanomaterials
involved.
However,
mechanical
require
further
to
meet
demands
Here,
we
present
an
approach
improve
nanocomposite
incorporating
polymer
grafted
silica
nanoparticles
into
a
double
network
inspired
hydrogel
(gSNP
Gels).
The
gSNP
Gels
were
synthesised
via
graft
polymerization
process
using
redox
initiator.
formed
grafting
2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic
acid
(AMPS)
as
first
gel
followed
sequential
second
acrylamide
(AAm)
onto
amine
functionalized
(ASNPs).
We
utilized
glucose
oxidase
(GOx),
create
oxygen-free
atmosphere
during
resulting
higher
conversion
compared
argon
degassing.
showed
excellent
compressive
strengths
13.9
±
5.5
MPa,
strain
69.6
6.4%,
water
content
63.4%
1.8.
synthesis
technique
demonstrates
promising
enhance
hydrogels,
which
can
have
significant
implications
engineering
other
soft
applications.
Advanced Engineering Materials,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
25(21)
Published: Aug. 29, 2023
Stimuli‐responsive
polymers
(SRPs)
are
special
types
of
soft
materials,
which
have
been
extensively
used
for
developing
flexible
actuators,
robots,
wearable
devices,
sensors,
self‐expanding
structures,
and
biomedical
thanks
to
their
ability
change
shapes
functional
properties
in
response
external
stimuli
including
light,
humidity,
heat,
pH,
electric
field,
solvent,
magnetic
field
or
combinations
two
more
these
stimuli.
In
recent
years,
additive
manufacturing
(AM)
aka
3D
printing
technology
SRPs,
also
known
as
4D
printing,
has
gained
phenomenal
attention
different
engineering
fields,
its
unique
develop
complex,
personalized,
innovative
undergo
twisting,
elongating,
swelling,
rolling,
shrinking,
bending,
spiraling,
other
complex
morphological
transformations.
Herein,
an
effort
made
provide
insightful
information
about
the
AM
techniques,
type
applications
including,
but
not
limited
tissue
engineering,
bionics,
construction,
smart
textiles.
This
article
incorporates
current
challenges
prospects,
hoping
basis
utilization
this
fields.
It
is
expected
that
amalgamation
with
SRPs
would
unparalleled
advantages
arenas.
European Polymer Journal,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
205, P. 112718 - 112718
Published: Jan. 2, 2024
In
the
contemporary
era,
novel
manufacturing
technologies
like
additive
(AM)
have
revolutionized
different
engineering
sectors
including
biomedical,
aerospace,
electronics,
etc.
Four-dimensional
(4D)
printing
aka
AM
of
smart
materials
is
gaining
popularity
among
scientific
community,
which
has
excellent
ability
to
make
soft
structures
such
as
robots,
actuators,
and
grippers.
These
are
developed
by
applying
various
stimuli
pH,
temperature,
magnetic
field,
many
combinations
onto
materials.
Stimuli
in
3D
permit
shape-morphing
behaviors
bending,
twisting,
folding,
swelling,
rolling,
shrinking,
origami,
or
locomotion.
A
wide
variety
can
be
fabricated
through
incorporation
hard
particles
into
resulting
magneto-active
(MASMs).
With
this
integration,
magneto-thermal
coupling
actuation
allows
diverse
magneto-deformations,
facilitating
development
personalized
devices
that
capable
enhanced
deformation.
review,
guidelines
provided
on
for
MASMs
polymers
(MAPs),
composites,
hydrogels
(MAHs)
booming
flexible
wearable
biomimetic
devices.
Moreover,
3D-printed
robotics
an
outstanding
capacity
adapt
complicated
situations
advanced
actuating
applications.
Finally,
some
current
challenges
emerging
areas
exciting
technology
been
proposed.
Lastly,
it
anticipated
technological
advancements
developing
intelligent
will
a
significant
impact
design
real-world
Giant,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
17, P. 100209 - 100209
Published: Nov. 15, 2023
Additive
manufacturing
(AM)
aka
three-dimensional
(3D)
printing
has
been
a
well-established
and
unparalleled
technology,
which
is
expanding
the
boundaries
of
materials
science
exhibiting
an
enormous
potential
to
fabricate
intricate
geometries
for
healthcare,
electronics,
construction
sectors.
In
contemporary
era,
combination
AM
technology
stimuli-responsive
hydrogels
(SRHs)
helps
create
dynamic
functional
structures
with
extreme
accuracy,
are
capable
changing
their
shape,
functional,
or
mechanical
properties
in
response
environmental
cues
such
as
humidity,
heat,
light,
pH,
magnetic
field,
electric
etc.
3D
SRHs
permits
creation
on-demand
dynamically
controllable
shapes
excellent
control
over
various
self-repair,
self-assembly,
multi-functionality,
These
accelerate
researchers
think
unthinkable
applications.
Additively
manufactured
objects
have
shown
applications
like
tissue
engineering,
drug
delivery,
soft
robots,
sensors,
other
biomedical
devices.
The
current
review
provides
recent
progress
SRHs,
more
focus
on
techniques,
stimuli
mechanisms,
shape
morphing
behaviors,
Finally,
trends
future
roadmap
additively
smart
different
also
presented,
will
be
helpful
research.
This
holds
great
promise
providing
fundamental
knowledge
about
diverse
Advanced Sustainable Systems,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
7(12)
Published: Sept. 1, 2023
Abstract
Nature
frequently
serves
as
an
inspiration
for
modern
robotics
innovations
that
emphasize
secure
human–machine
interaction.
However,
the
advantages
of
increased
automation
and
digital
technology
integration
conflict
with
global
environmental
objectives.
Accordingly,
biodegradable
soft
robots
have
been
proposed
a
range
intelligent
applications.
Biodegradability
provides
extraordinary
functional
advantage
operations
involving
shape
transformation
in
response
to
external
stimuli
such
heat,
pH,
light.
Soft
robot
fabrication
using
conventional
manufacturing
techniques
is
inflexible,
time‐consuming,
labor‐intensive.
Recent
advances
3D
4D
printing
materials
multi‐materials
become
key
enabling
direct
manufacture
complex
designs
functions.
This
review
comprises
detailed
survey
sensors
actuators
(BSSA),
which
serve
most
prominent
parts
each
robotic
system.
In
addition,
concise
overview
3D‐printed
flexible
devices
medical
along
industrial
applications
provided.
A
complete
summary
current
additive
BSSA
discussed
depth.
Moreover,
concept
4D‐printed
biohybrid
reviewed.
Gels,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
11(1), P. 32 - 32
Published: Jan. 2, 2025
New
production
technologies
have
transformed
modern
engineering
fields,
including
electronics,
mechanics,
robotics,
and
biomedicine.
These
advancements
led
to
the
creation
of
smart
materials
such
as
alloys,
polymers,
gels
that
respond
various
stimuli.
This
review
focuses
on
(SMs),
their
variety
fabrication
techniques,
can
be
used
construct
three-
or
four-dimensional
structures.
The
mechanisms
designs
materials,
limitations
current
printing
technologies,
perspectives
for
future
uses
are
also
discussed
in
this
review.
printed
expected
a
major
impact
design
real-world
applications.
Polymer Reviews,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 1 - 65
Published: Nov. 20, 2024
The
biomedical
industry
has
witnessed
a
transformative
evolution
with
the
advent
of
3D
printing
technology.
However,
inherent
limitations,
such
as
inability
to
produce
dynamic
human
tissues
due
absence
temporal
dimension,
have
persisted,
resulting
in
static
and
inanimate
printed
products.
To
address
this
challenge
enable
creation
living
constructs,
concept
4D
emerged,
marking
paradigm
shift
additive
manufacturing.
In
printing,
time
becomes
fourth
breathing
life
into
previously
creations.
This
review
paper
explores
journey
from
pivotal
role
manufacturing
process.
Specifically,
it
highlights
integration
time-dependent
responsive
materials,
focusing
on
stimuli-responsive
hydrogels,
cornerstone
advancements.
These
materials
exhibit
remarkable
ability
adapt
respond
various
stimuli,
encompassing
physical,
chemical,
biological
signals.
delves
recent
publications
synergy
between
these
stimuli
shedding
light
their
intricate
interactions
potential
applications.
One
primary
areas
interest
lies
medical
applications,
notably
tissue
engineering,
where
holds
immense
promise.
utilization
creating
biomimetic
scaffolds
that
can
dynamically
complex
environments.
Furthermore,
discusses
technical
considerations
prospects
technology,
emphasizing
its
revolutionize
landscape.
amalgamation
opens
new
avenues
for
personalized
medicine,
localized
drug
delivery,
regenerative
therapies,
bridging
gap
requirements
modern
healthcare.
present
offers
complete
examination
evolution,
challenges,
paving
way
innovations
field.
Applied Materials Today,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
37, P. 102082 - 102082
Published: Feb. 2, 2024
3D
printing
of
magnetic
stimuli
hydrogels
has
shown
promise
in
low-resolution
extrusion
but
integrating
superparamagnetic
iron
oxide
nanoparticles
(SPION)
into
water-based
photo-resins
posed
challenges.
Rapid
agglomeration
and
sedimentation
SPION
require
continuous
mixing
during
printing,
leading
to
uneven
nanoparticle
(NP)
distribution
inconsistent
actuation.
Here,
we
optimise
the
use
citric
acid
(CA)
l-sodium
ascorbate
(LA)
as
capping
agents
on
SPION's
surface,
before
trialling
them
with
photo-resins.
Ultimately,
present
a
two-step
approach
overcome
these
limitations,
enabling
high-resolution
SLA-based
hydrogels.
By
employing
CA
both
photo-resin
preparation,
achieve
highly
stable
mixture
that
requires
no
agitation
resulting
magnetically
responsive
This
methodology
can
be
applied
various
formulations,
ensuring
uniform
NP
stimuli-responsive
materials
for
applications
soft
robotics,
aquatic
micro-swimmers,
actuators.
The
breakthrough
homogenous
SPION-infused
broad
implications
tissue
engineering,
drug
delivery,
regenerative
medicine,
offering
novel
biocompatible
resistance
stress
deformation.
extended
other
poor
dispersion
hydrogels,
paving
way
advanced
functional
diverse
applications.
Polymers for Advanced Technologies,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
35(12)
Published: Dec. 1, 2024
ABSTRACT
This
review
provides
a
comprehensive
overview
of
the
emerging
applications
stimuli‐responsive
hydrogels
in
3D
printing,
emphasizing
their
transformative
potential
creating
adaptive
and
multifunctional
structures.
Stimuli‐responsive
hydrogels,
including
magneto‐,
thermo‐,
pH‐,
moisture‐,
solvent‐,
photo‐responsive
varieties,
have
gained
significant
attention
due
to
ability
undergo
dynamic
changes
response
specific
environmental
stimuli.
The
begins
by
exploring
fundamental
characteristics
fabrication
methods
used
additive
manufacturing,
highlighting
exceptional
adaptability
programmability.
It
then
delves
into
various
across
diverse
fields,
soft
robotics,
tissue
engineering,
drug
delivery
systems,
wearable
electronics,
food
technology,
electromagnetic
interference
shielding,
anti‐counterfeiting
technologies.
By
integrating
latest
advancements
printing
techniques,
this
aims
offer
insights
how
are
enabling
development
innovative,
intelligent,
environmentally
responsive
systems.
future
perspectives
section
discusses
challenges
opportunities
for
advancing
use
suggesting
directions
research
that
could
push
boundaries
functional
materials
programmable
