Macrophage plasticity: signaling pathways, tissue repair, and regeneration

MedComm, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(8)

Published: Aug. 1, 2024

Abstract Macrophages are versatile immune cells with remarkable plasticity, enabling them to adapt diverse tissue microenvironments and perform various functions. Traditionally categorized into classically activated (M1) alternatively (M2) phenotypes, recent advances have revealed a spectrum of macrophage activation states that extend beyond this dichotomy. The complex interplay signaling pathways, transcriptional regulators, epigenetic modifications orchestrates polarization, allowing respond stimuli dynamically. Here, we provide comprehensive overview the cascades governing focusing on roles Toll‐like receptors, signal transducer activator transcription proteins, nuclear microRNAs. We also discuss emerging concepts metabolic reprogramming trained immunity, contributing their functional adaptability. Macrophage plasticity plays pivotal role in repair regeneration, macrophages coordinating inflammation, angiogenesis, matrix remodeling restore homeostasis. By harnessing potential novel therapeutic strategies targeting polarization could be developed for diseases, including chronic wounds, fibrotic disorders, inflammatory conditions. Ultimately, deeper understanding molecular mechanisms underpinning will pave way innovative regenerative medicine engineering approaches.

Language: Английский

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Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, Metainflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Cardiovascular Diseases: Unraveling Pathways

Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(7), P. 519 - 519

Published: July 12, 2024

Glycolipid metabolic disorders (GLMDs) are various resulting from dysregulation in glycolipid levels, consequently leading to an increased risk of obesity, diabetes, liver dysfunction, neuromuscular complications, and cardiorenal vascular diseases (CRVDs). In patients with GLMDs, excess caloric intake a lack physical activity may contribute oxidative stress (OxS) systemic inflammation. This study aimed review the connection between GLMD, OxS, metainflammation, onset CRVD. GLMD is due causing dysfunction synthesis, breakdown, absorption glucose lipids body, excessive ectopic accumulation these molecules. mainly neuroendocrine dysregulation, insulin resistance, metainflammation. many inflammatory markers defense cells play vital role related tissues organs, such as blood vessels, pancreatic islets, liver, muscle, kidneys, adipocytes, promoting lesions that affect interconnected organs through their signaling pathways. Advanced glycation end products, ATP-binding cassette transporter 1, Glucagon-like peptide-1, Toll-like receptor-4, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) crucial since they glucolipid metabolism. The consequences this system organ damage morbidity mortality.

Language: Английский

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Crosstalk Between H-Type Vascular Endothelial Cells and Macrophages: A Potential Regulator of Bone Homeostasis

Journal of Inflammation Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: Volume 18, P. 2743 - 2765

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

The crosstalk between H-type endothelial cells (ECs) and macrophages is critical for maintaining angiogenesis osteogenesis in bone homeostasis. As core components of type H vessels, ECs respond to various pro-angiogenic signals, forming specialized vascular structures characterized by high expression platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (CD31) mucin (EMCN), thereby facilitating angiogenesis-osteogenesis coupling during formation. Macrophages, as key immune the perivascular region, are primarily classified into classically activated pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype selectively anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, performing dual functions regulating local tissue homeostasis innate immunity. In recent years, complex vessel has garnered significant interest context bone-related diseases. Orderly regulation immunity provides a new direction preventing metabolic disorders such osteoporosis osteoarthritis. However, their interactions remain insufficiently understood, with limited clinical data available. This review comprehensively examines intricate diverse phenotypes, Insights signaling pathways that regulate crosstalk, focusing on roles osteogenesis. Furthermore, discusses interventions targeting this challenges remain. These insights may offer perspectives provide theoretical foundation developing novel therapeutic strategies.

Language: Английский

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Combining Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, and Experimental Validation to Uncover the Efficacy and Mechanisms of Si-Miao-Yong-An Decoction in Diabetic Wound Healing

Journal of Inflammation Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: Volume 18, P. 4087 - 4101

Published: March 1, 2025

Si-Miao-Yong-An (SMYA) Decoction, a traditional Chinese herbal mixture, shows promise for managing diabetic complications. Up to this point, no reports have explored the effects of SMYA on wounds or underlying mechanisms. This study aimed investigate therapeutic potential in promoting wound healing and elucidate molecular The were evaluated db/db mice by measuring closure rates histological characteristics, including epidermal thickness collagen deposition. Network pharmacology was utilized identify active ingredients corresponding targets SMYA, followed validation through docking dynamics simulations. KEGG GO enrichment analyses conducted relevant biological processes pathways. In vitro studies involving high-glucose-treated HUVECs assessed SMYA-containing serum cellular migration angiogenesis. Finally, expression inflammatory factors RAGE tissue detected qRT-PCR. significantly accelerated mice, as evidenced improved thickness, morphology, identified 140 overlapping genes involved angiogenesis inflammation, with AGE-RAGE signaling pathway playing central role. Molecular simulations revealed strong binding stability quercetin kaempferol inflammation-related hub targets, IL-6, TNF, IL-1β. vitro, alleviated high-glucose-induced impairments HUVEC Furthermore, qRT-PCR analysis showed that downregulated Tnf, Il1b, Il6, Rage tissues, supporting its anti-inflammatory effect. promotes modulating microenvironment inhibiting pathway. These findings provide robust evidence SMYA's lay foundation future clinical application treating wounds.

Language: Английский

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Rapamycin-Induced Small Extracellular Vesicles under GelMA Scaffolds Facilitate Diabetic Wound Repair through Accelerating Angiogenesis and Alleviating Macrophage-mediated Inflammation via PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway

Materials Today Bio, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 101846 - 101846

Published: May 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Sandwich‐Structured Nanofiber Dressings Containing MgB₂ and Metformin Hydrochloride With ROS Scavenging and Antibacterial Properties for Wound Healing in Diabetic Infections

Advanced Healthcare Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 5, 2024

Abstract The treatment of chronic diabetic wounds is a major challenge due to oxidative stress, persistent hyperglycemia, and susceptibility bacterial infection. In this study, multifunctional sandwich‐structured nanofiber dressings (SNDs) are prepared via electrospinning. SNDs consisted an outer layer hydrophobic polylactic acid (PLA) fibers encapsulating MgB 2 nanosheets (MgB NSs), middle PLA polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) the NSs metformin hydrochloride complex ‐Met), inner water‐soluble PVP ‐Met. Because their special sandwich structure, have high photothermal conversion efficiency (24.13%) cycle performance. also exhibit effect, bacteria‐targeting effect , electrostatic attraction ability (Met), strong antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli ( E. ) methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). can eliminate intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) by regulating hydrogen release from . addition, good biocompatibility, effectively inhibit inflammatory factor Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), promote granulation tissue formation, collagen deposition, wound healing. These findings offer promising approach for clinical wounds.

Language: Английский

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Platelet-Rich Plasma in Diabetic Foot Ulcer Healing: Contemplating the Facts

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(23), P. 12864 - 12864

Published: Nov. 29, 2024

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), debilitating complication of diabetes, often lead to amputation even in the presence current advanced treatment for DFUs. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) containing growth factors and other proteins has been suggested as a potent therapeutic promoting DFU healing. PRP is safe effective improving healing rate, decreasing time, making chronic wounds viable treatment. Though healing, there are inconsistencies clinical outcomes. These varying results may be due various concentrations being used. Most studies report dosage timing, but none have reported concentration factors. This important, can vary significantly with each preparation directly impact outcome. critical review discusses limiting issues related therapy future directives. A systematic search PubMed Google Scholar was performed keywords including diabetic ulcer, ulcer platelet-rich plasma, treatment, limitations efficacy, alone or combination, articles. The articles describing use were included. existing literature suggests that larger trials needed improve There need consider multiple role epigenetics, lifestyle modification, percentage composition constituent PRP.

Language: Английский

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