Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Language: Английский
Algal Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 86, P. 103896 - 103896
Published: Jan. 8, 2025
Language: Английский
Citations
3
Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12
Published: Jan. 15, 2025
Seaweed cultivation holds significant importance in addressing global challenges.On the one hand,it aids alleviating food crisis.On other offers substantial ecological benefits,such as enhancing carbon sequestration,facilitating nitrogen cycling,and mitigating eutrophication(He et al.,2008;Wu al.,2015;Mantri al.,2023).Globally,the dominant cultivated economic seaweeds include Laminaria spp.,Kappaphycus spp.,Gracilaria spp.,Neopyropia spp.,and Undaria spp.(Park al.,2021;Khan al.,2024).In 2022,the annual production of seaweed is estimated to be approximately 36.4 million metric tons(live weight),with red algae accounting for about 55.8% and brown 43.8%(FAO,2024).Asia constitutes principal region cultivation,representing over 97% production,with China(about 60%),Indonesia(about 25%),South Korea(about 5%),and Philippines(about 4%)being largest contributors this industry(Khan al.,2024;Liu al.,2024).Among them,the Neopyropia species,a type high-end algae,is highly favored among consumers(Li al.,2023)and possesses rich edible medicinal values(Subramaniyan al.,2021;Zhao al.,2023).It frequently utilized foods such laver sushi pancakes.Consequently,the significance self-evident.China boasts world's area,with total reaching 209,939 tons(dry weight)in 2023(Fishery Administration Bureau Ministry Agriculture Rural Affairs,2024).The main species haitanensis,Neopyropia yezoensis,Neopyropia acanthophora,and dentata(Wang al.,2020).Notably,Jiangsu Province,China,serves leading area sought-after N.yezoensis(Figure 1).The N.yezoensis aquaculture industry Subei intertidal zone Jiangsu Province originated 1970s 20th century(Liu al.,2021a).After more than 50 years development,the has become area,leading both nationally globally.For instance,in 2023,the reached 33,393 hectares,approximately 51.81% national area.During same year,the 35,936 weight),accounting 17.12% production(Fishery considerable scale comprehensively enhanced coastal development industrial reputation Province.Furthermore,many impoverished individuals have achieved poverty alleviation wealth accumulation through cultivation(Li al.,2011).Nevertheless,the progressively encountering certain challenges,such extreme marine events disasters.This opinion article aims identify key factors affecting proposes recommendations its sustainable development.For growth stages seaweed,extreme climate changes can lead cellular subcellular damage thalli,ultimately growth,quality,and yield(Khan al.,2024).Currently,the negative impact change on a long-term widespread issue encountered processes(Veenhof al.,2024),which difficult resolve effectively short term.Over past six decades,the sea surface temperature Southern Yellow Sea(SYS)has generally shown an increasing trend,with warming amplitude 0.61°C.This indicates that under backdrop warming,the SYS exhibited trend(Guo al.,2024).Concurrently,the interannual multidecadal variability also associated with large-scale climatic El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)and Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO)(Wang & Yu,2014),leading anomalous regional seawater temperatures years.Elevated indirectly promote frequent occurrence diseases hinder N.yezoensis.Currently,climate occurrences seedling rot,slow growth,and reductions yield during Neopyropia,resulting losses recent years(Figure 2A).For instance,from late 2016 mid-2017,influenced by abnormally high Haizhou Bay area,the Lianyun District,Lianyungang City,Jiangsu Province,was severely reduced,with decrease 60% compared previous year(Lianyun District People's Government,2017).Extreme weather triggered warrant attention.At end April 2021,an infrequent event featuring winds thunderstorms occurred SYS,with wind gusts level 14.This resulted direct exceeding 140 RMB Yuan Nantong Province(Lu Du,2022),and collapse rafts(Lu Du,2022).Tens thousands raft components,including ropes bamboo poles(Figure 2B),are being swept into ocean(Sun al.,2022a),causing farmers.It affected smooth progress recovery operations,and addition,caused casualties,either directly or indirectly(CCTV,2021).Similarly,in January 2016,Lianyungang experienced severe ice strong caused extremely cold weather.This 7,000 hectares incalculable local farmers(Sohu,2016).In addition,rising CO2 concentrations contribute ocean acidification,which interspecific competition seaweeds(Feng al.,2024).Although elevated levels alleviate competitive relationship between harmful epiphyte Ulva species(e.g.,Ulva prolifera),the perspective growing advantage scenario(Sun al.,2021).Traditionally,N.yezoensis considered cold-tolerant seaweed,whereas U.prolifera exhibits greater capacity endure higher N.yezoensis.Micropropagules are persistently present region(Cao al.,2023;Xia al.,2024a),and areas components not colonized conducive attachment U.prolifera,leading subsequent occupation niches structures(Zhang al.,2019a).Concurrently,as matures,it demonstrates stronger ability absorb nutrients N.yezoensis,thereby allowing epiphytically gradually establish advantage(Shan,2022).This results capability occupy niches,which subsequently impacts normal affects future region.Neopyropia yezoensis susceptible various due change,harmful microbial infection,and overcrowding cultivation(Kim al.,2014).Common rot,chytrid blight,green spot disease,and white rot(Qiu al.,2019;Yang al.,2020;Bae genetic characterization decline populations.In addition,the waters eutrophic(Liu al.,2013),and heavily polluted particularly prone pathogens proliferation.These negatively growth,ultimately reducing causing farmers.For 2004,approximately 5,000 City maritime suffered from rot,resulting loss 60 Yuan(Yangtze Evening Post,2004).Similarly,in 2016,over 1,300 Rudong County rot,with cost alone amounting around 40 Yuan,causing 3,000 farmers(Wang,2016).In 2019,134 Yancheng rot,which was pathogenic bacterium Opliidopsis sp.(He al.,2021).It should clarified inevitably faces varying degrees(Khan al.,2024).These unique China but represent issue(Yang al.,2020).For example,between 2013 2014,an outbreak green disease farms Sunchon,South Korea,could cause complete rot thalli within 1-2 days,resulting 1.1 USD,equivalent 10.7% farm sales(Kim al.,2014).The sudden onset often prevents timely effective mitigation measures reduce damage,ultimately farmers.Neopyropia demands high-quality thrives best moderate flow velocity water exchange capacity(He al.,2018).In Province,suitable been largely exploited,limiting potential further expansion scale.Similarly,N.yezoensis struggles grow low-nutrient areas(Huang al.,2023).Although phosphorus Jiangsu's support Neopyropia,the extensive density restrict limited carrying area(Shan,2022).Taking outer radial sandbars Dafeng example,the once spanned continuous distribution 13,000 hectares.However,the excessive adversely area(Shan,2022).As result,laver center parts could receive sufficient nutrient replenishment,leading deficiencies essential growth(Shan,2022).Additionally,the close proximity facilities facilitates rapid spread diseases,further yields(Shan,2022).Concurrently,some engaged activities do comply regulations established Chinese government(Figure 2C).This noncompliance exacerbated scope activities,creating additional challenges.Lin al.(2021)identified two special utilization zones port shipping where unreasonable illegal occurred.These involved 135.84 hectares,primarily concentrated locations Tianwan Nuclear Power Plant Special Utilization Zone,Ganyu Port Zone,Shiqiao Shipping Area,Xuwei Area,Ganyu Area,Lvsi Area,Xiaomiao Hong Area,and Jinniu Area(Lin al.,2021).Green blooms persisted eighteen consecutive years(Zhang al.,2019b;Xia al.,2024b),predominantly U.prolifera,which led adverse effects related fisheries industries(Cao al.,2023;Yao al.,2024).On hand,the facilities(Han al.,2013;Huo al.,2015)competes nutrients(Figure 2D),thereby impeding growth.On hand,removing attached incurs labor costs farmers(Sun al.,2022a).Notably,the tide disasters near rarely observed globally,with no similar reports countries regions' areas.To mitigate outbreaks,the Natural Resources Republic currently focusing biomass rafts Province(Liu al.,2021b;Xia al.,2022;He al.,2023;Sun al.,2022b),and taken curb cultivation(Jiangsu Laver Association,2020).Additionally,laver farmers encouraged proactively adjust their schedules,including withdrawing advance cycle conducting early cleanup seaweeds(Figure 2E).These aimed at maximizing benefits(Sun al.,2022a).However,these actions impacted yields Province,posing challenges formation "common interest group" balances fishery control.For 2021,Jiangsu collectively retired 4,000 reduced used 6,400 hectares.By May 8,2021,all were brought ashore,prematurely ending period 2020 mid-2021.This adjustment revenue reduction 1-1.2 billion province's industry(Diao Ma,2021)and dissatisfaction disaster management.Furthermore,since funds allocated prevention nearly approached actual benefits Province.Taking 2024 case point,the investment funds(including central government financial allocations)has exceeded Yuan,underscoring burden challenge.The phenomenon golden impacting only regions Province.The proliferation Sargassum horneri,the primary responsible tides,has posed years.Since 2016,large-scale gatherings drifting S.horneri off winter spring(Wang al.,2023).The arrival "algal mat" area(Figure 2F)led structural some rafts(Zhuang al.,2020).Moreover,golden entangled nets hinders photosynthesis effectively,leading stage.To address issue,laver compelled manually remove tangled rafts,which increases causes detachment process.Such disruptions result losses,amounting hundreds millions farmers(Liu al.,2021c).For spring 2017,the Province,causing up 500 industries cities(Liu al.,2018).Currently,there method macroalgal source,as origin outbreaks remains unclear(Wang al.,2024).Therefore,when disasters,manual clearance viable approach minimize losses.Given current trend,effective challenging(Liu al.,2021b).In longer suitable growth,it worthwhile attempt heat-resistant strains,such N.haitanensis(Zhou al.,2023),which Province.Following successful pilot N.haitanensis SYS(Figure 2G),some opted cease favor N.haitanensis,while others initiated experiments rotation planting N.haitanensis.Taking example,Lianyun Government Lianyungang engage rotational N.yezoensis(Liandao Subdistrict,2024).Laver Liandao Subdistrict piloted 800 hectares,achieving bountiful harvest October 2024,with 15 tons per hectare(live weight),resulting output value 130 Yuan(Liandao Subdistrict,2024).At present,the Provincial Government's promotion scheme initial success deemed worthy application.At focused aquaculture,explicitly prohibiting establishment new projects natural coastlines fall protection lines(Ministry China,2024).It cleared unlicensed withdrawn line areas(Figure 2C).Meanwhile,efforts underway optimize spatial planning layout adhering principles high-quality,ecological,and standardized development.These efforts transferring nearshore tidal flats deeper strengthening management supervision no-culture zones,limited-culture zones,and zones(Jiangsu Association,2020;Lianyungang Municipal Affairs,2021).In addition,research technologies prevent carried out(Jiangsu Geology,2024).Efforts made strengthen waste,such discarded promoting centralized treatment resource waste.These aim U.prolifera,the SYS,providing scientific basis prevention.Simultaneously,relevant departments researching environmental capacities guidance superior authorities provide theoretical foundations determining appropriate Province.In response density,the recommends high-density guiding enterprises control reasonable range(Lianyungang Affairs,2021).Appropriately helps slow process.To these issues,Shan(2022)suggests controlling overall area.Furthermore,the associations coordinate divide several smaller zones,increasing spacing allow exchange.At time,individual arrangements,expanding 4 meters 6-7 meters(Shan,2022).This will ensure exchange,reduce incidence,and increase unit cultivation.There demand China(Li al.,2023)from including Japan,the United States,and South Korea.To meet demand,it crucial maintain Province(Figure 1)and China.Yang al.(2021)reported lower-salinity City,elevated suppress activity antioxidant enzymes expression genes N.yezoensis,rendering vulnerable decay.To issues,a progressive relocation southern cities imperative.Notably,parts already transferred Shandong Liaoning provinces China,where colder conditions risk decay(Yang al.,2021).Moreover,it anticipated 2050,the range East Asian expand Sea Okhotsk Russia(Zhou al.,2023).Shifting chain towards higher-latitude expected enhance quality.Furthermore,considering tides biological mid- low-latitude regions(Yao al.,2024),as well warming,algal bloom outbreaks,are occur earlier further(Qi al.,2022).Gradually relocating may help algal industry.The industry,characterized labor-intensive nature,requires input throughout while typically yielding modest returns.In future,integrating Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture(IMTA)models(Kang al.,2013)may monoculture risks unlock potential(Lianyungang Affairs,2021).For example,in 2021,Lianyungang Aquaculture(IMTA)management model incorporating co-cultivation shellfish seaweeds.Demonstration farming produced positive results,achieving benefit 3.19 generating sequestration effects(Ministry Education China,2023).With IMTA systems supporting infrastructure,additional opportunities developing recreational ecotourism farms,such 'new energy+' farms(Yi Li,2024),can emerge.This synergy agriculture fishing maximize income farmers.However,the adoption refinement models still require ongoing feasibility studies remain dependent maturity service level.Currently,local governments formulating relevant laws regulations.For 1,2025,to December 31,2029,the permit ranching areas(Shandong Department Affairs,2024).This initiative integration fishing,enhancing farmers.In addition,by integrating emission trading markets exploring blue pathways,future sink revenues advancement stabilization ecosystems,thereby achieving mutually beneficial outcomes.For example,leveraging laver(Cangnan Government,2022),Yonggui Aquaculture Family Farm secured "laver credit loan" valued 1.75 Yuan,using rights generated collateral(The Municipality,2023).Notably,the actively regulation orderly trading.The "Interim Regulations Carbon Emission Rights Trading",effective 1,2024(The State Council China,2024),provide institutional guarantees legislative level.However,the realization specific economic,ecological,and social depends comprehensive standard system.At transformation exploratory stage requires practical innovation robust policy support.This systematically outlines state laver(N.yezoensis)cultivation Province,the it faces,and strategies development.Jiangsu Province,as N.yezoensis,plays critical role provides supply market.However,factors change,diseases,high-density cultivation,green tides,and pose threats cultivation.To challenges,we propose strategies,including varieties,improving standardization order practices,relocating latitude regions,and transforming model.The implementation upgrading Province's industry,as formulation strategies.Additionally,these ecosystem protection,achieving win-win situation benefits.
Language: Английский
Citations
2
Cancers, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(2), P. 318 - 318
Published: Jan. 20, 2025
Algae are a rich source of bioactive compounds that have wide range beneficial effects on human health and can show significant potential in the treatment hematological malignancies such as leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma. These diseases often pose therapeutic challenge despite recent advances (e.g., use immunomodulatory drugs, proteasome inhibitors, CD38 monoclonal antibodies, stem cell transplant, targeted therapy). A considerable number patients experience relapses or resistance to applied therapies. Algal compounds, alone combination with chemotherapy other more advanced therapies, exhibited antitumor preclinical studies may improve disease outcomes. include ability induce apoptosis, inhibit tumor growth, immune responses. However, most these conducted vitro, without vivo validation clinical trials. This paper summarizes current evidence vitro algae extracts isolated myeloma lines. In addition, we address application algae-derived drug carriers their synergistic against hematologic malignancies.
Language: Английский
Citations
1
Food and Bioprocess Technology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: Feb. 6, 2025
Language: Английский
Citations
1
Environmental Technology & Innovation, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 104143 - 104143
Published: March 1, 2025
Language: Английский
Citations
1
Algal Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 103811 - 103811
Published: Nov. 1, 2024
Language: Английский
Citations
5
Jurnal Biologi Udayana, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 28(2), P. 265 - 265
Published: Jan. 5, 2025
Eucheuma cottonii seaweed is known as a potential biological agent to be developed herbal raw material in the health sector, for cosmetic industry and functional food sector. The safety of materials used, especially sectors, must free from all kinds contaminants, heavy metals (Pb, Cd As). Heavy have become very serious threat ecosystems public because they are able affect chain. purpose this study was determine content Nusa Lembongan cultivation area calculate risks posed humans if consumed. concentrations Pb, As contained respectively; 1,2824±0,4626 ppm, 0,0429±0,0250 dan 0,0006 ± 0,0005 ppm. estimated daily intake (EDI), weekly (EWI), target hazard quotient (THQ), cancer risk (TCR) arsenic values were obtained by correlating metal seaweed. EDI, EWI THQ do not indicate dangerous level consume TCR value also shows that low so safe used consumption does pose any long-term risks.
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Reviews in Aquaculture, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(2)
Published: March 1, 2025
ABSTRACT Macroalgae are increasingly studied for their critical contributions to coastal ecosystems, potential mitigate climate change, and promise as a sustainable food source. While wild macroalgae host diverse epiphytic invertebrate epibiont communities that enhance biodiversity ecosystem functioning, biofouling epibionts on farmed can negatively impact growth, physiology, product quality. Although an increasing number of longitudinal studies trying establish the drivers biofouling, localized approaches lack sufficient contrasts in environmental conditions reveal macroecological patterns occurrence. To gain these contrasts, we analyze data taxonomy, study location, have compiled from systematic literature review Marine Copernicus NASA‐OBPG databases marine data. Our results show 58.18% focus North‐East Atlantic coast, which is particularly useful understanding expansion seaweed aquaculture this region. Bryozoan fouling depends sea surface temperature (SST) increased risk was predicted latitudes greater than 58° NE coast around areas Scotland with cold freshwater inflows. Hydrozoans gastropods showed higher probability occurring or planted opposed kelp, whereas tended be absent at salinities lower 30 psu. findings provide first basis risks serve spatial planning positioning new farms.
Language: Английский
Citations
0