HVAC System Energy Retrofit for a University Lecture Room Considering Private and Public Interests

Energies, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(6), P. 1526 - 1526

Published: March 19, 2025

The operation of Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems in densely occupied spaces results considerable energy consumption. In the post-pandemic context, stricter indoor air quality standards higher ventilation rates further increase demand. this paper, retrofit a partial recirculation all-air HVAC system serving university lecture room located Southern Italy is analyzed. Multi-Objective Optimization (MOO) Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) approaches are used to find optimal design alternatives rank these considering two different decision-makers, i.e., public private stakeholders. Among Pareto solutions obtained from optimization, alternative identified, encompassing three Key Performance Indicators using new robust MCDM approach based on four methods, TOPSIS, VIKOR, WASPAS, MULTIMOORA. show that, era, baseline scenarios for infection reduction that do not involve introduction demand control strategies cause consumption negligible values up 59%. On contrary, involving decrease between 5% 38%. findings offer valuable guidance retrofits education similar buildings, emphasizing potential balance occupant health, efficiency, cost reduction. also highlight significant CO2 reductions minimal impacts thermal comfort, showcasing substantial savings through targeted retrofits.

Language: Английский

Review Analysis for the Energy Performance of Integrated Air-Conditioning Systems

Energies, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(7), P. 1611 - 1611

Published: March 24, 2025

In response to the significant increase in cooling needs for built environment due climate change, hybrid air conditioning units can provide energy efficient alternatives vapor compression systems. This paper reviews reported performance of integrated systems consisting three types options: direct expansion (DX) combined with evaporative cooling, DX desiccant, and desiccant. addition, analyses integrating these phase change materials (PCMs) and/or photovoltaic (PV) are considered. The evaluated generally confirm that offer substantial saving potential compared traditional units, resulting economic environmental benefits. Specifically, reduce annual consumption space by 87% units. review analysis indicates have a coefficient (COP) ranging from 6 16 merely 3 5 conventional Additionally, liquid desiccant notable improvements dehumidification efficiency savings, payback periods as low years. Future work should focus more on real-building applications conducting comprehensive cost–benefit analyses, especially when than two technologies together.

Language: Английский