An exploratory design science research on troll factories DOI
Francisco S. Marcondes, José João Almeida, Paulo Nováis

et al.

Integrated Computer-Aided Engineering, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 31(1), P. 95 - 115

Published: Oct. 13, 2023

Private and military troll factories (facilities used to spread rumours in online social media) are currently proliferating around the world. By their very nature, they obscure companies whose internal workings largely unknown, apart from leaks press. They even more concealed when it comes underlying technology. At least a broad sense, is believed that there two main tasks performed by factory: sowing spreading. The first create and, importantly, maintain network can be for spreading task. It then wicked long-term activity, subject all sorts of problems. As an attempt make this perspective little clearer, paper uses exploratory design science research produce artefacts could applied rumour media. Then, as hypothesis: possible fully automated media agent capable on microblogging platforms. expectation will identify common opportunities difficulties development such tools, which turn allow evaluation technology, but above level automation these facilities. based general domain Twitter corpus with 4M+ tokens ChatGPT, discusses both knowledge-based deep learning approaches smooth tweet generation. These explorations suggest current, widespread publicly available NLP work like call centre; i.e. humans assisted or less sophisticated computing tools (often called cyborgs).

Language: Английский

Measuring the Burden of Infodemics: Summary of the Methods and Results of the Fifth WHO Infodemic Management Conference DOI Creative Commons
Elisabeth Wilhelm, Isabella Ballalai, Marie‐Ève Bélanger

et al.

JMIR Infodemiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 3, P. e44207 - e44207

Published: Jan. 26, 2023

An infodemic is excess information, including false or misleading that spreads in digital and physical environments during a public health emergency. The COVID-19 pandemic has been accompanied by an unprecedented global led to confusion about the benefits of medical interventions, with substantial impact on risk-taking health-seeking behaviors, eroding trust authorities compromising effectiveness responses policies. Standardized measures are needed quantify harmful impacts systematic methodologically robust manner, as well harmonizing highly divergent approaches currently explored for this purpose. This can serve foundation systematic, evidence-based approach monitoring, identifying, mitigating future harms emergency preparedness prevention. In paper, we summarize Fifth World Health Organization (WHO) Infodemic Management Conference structure, proceedings, outcomes, proposed actions seeking identify interdisciplinary frameworks enable measurement burden infodemics. iterative human-centered design (HCD) concept mapping were used facilitate focused discussions allow generation actionable outcomes recommendations. included 86 participants representing diverse scientific disciplines from 28 countries across all WHO regions, along observers civil society health-implementing partners. A thematic map capturing concepts matching key contributing factors infodemics was throughout conference frame contextualize discussions. Five areas immediate action identified. 5 development metrics assess associated interventions (1) developing standardized definitions ensuring adoption thereof; (2) improving influencing infodemics; (3) conducting review evidence, tools, data sources; (4) setting up technical working group; (5) addressing priorities postpandemic recovery resilience building. summary report consolidated group input toward common vocabulary terms, concepts, study designs, measures, tools estimate management interventions. Standardizing basis documenting systems population emergencies. Investment into practical, affordable, evidence-based, methods legally ethically balanced monitoring generating diagnostics, insights, recommendations; action-oriented guidance, policies, support options, mechanisms, managers program managers.

Language: Английский

Citations

34
A Hybrid Multitask Learning Framework with a Fire Hawk Optimizer for Arabic Fake News Detection DOI Creative Commons
Mohamed Abd Elaziz, Abdelghani Dahou,

Dina Ahmed Orabi

et al.

Mathematics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 258 - 258

Published: Jan. 4, 2023

The exponential spread of news and posts related to the COVID-19 pandemic on social media platforms led emergence disinformation phenomenon. phenomenon spreading fake information creates significant concern for public health safety population. In this paper, we propose a detection framework based multi-task learning (MTL) meta-heuristic algorithms in context pandemic. developed uses an MTL pre-trained transformer-based model learn extract contextual feature representations from Arabic posts. extracted are fed alternative selection technique which depends modified version Fire Hawk Optimizer. proposed framework, aims improve rate, was evaluated several datasets experimental results show that can achieve accuracy 59%. It obtained, at best, precision, recall, F-measure 53%, 71%, respectively, all datasets; it outperformed other measures.

Language: Английский

Citations

27
Defining Misinformation and Related Terms in Health-Related Literature: Scoping Review DOI Creative Commons
Ibrahim K El Mikati, Reem Hoteit, Tarek Harb

et al.

Journal of Medical Internet Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 25, P. e45731 - e45731

Published: Aug. 9, 2023

Misinformation poses a serious challenge to clinical and policy decision-making in the health field. The COVID-19 pandemic amplified interest misinformation related terms witnessed proliferation of definitions.

Language: Английский

Citations

26
Empirical Study on Social Media Exposure and Fear as Drivers of Anxiety and Depression during the COVID-19 Pandemic DOI Open Access
Xiao Gu,

Bojan Obrenovic,

Fu Wei

et al.

Sustainability, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(6), P. 5312 - 5312

Published: March 16, 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an abundance of news and information dominating media outlets, leading to a widespread atmosphere fear uncertainty, potentially having adverse effects on mental health. This study aims explore whether social exposure contributes anxiety depression. An online cross-sectional survey was conducted using standardized questionnaire collect data exposure, COVID-19, depression, from 327 employed individuals the United States. Structural equation modeling analyze relationships between anxiety, results suggest that leads fear, These findings highlight potential health reducing could help minimize levels. It also emphasizes significance understanding impact depression provides guidance for managing coping with this pandemic. study’s relevance lies gaining critical insights into pros cons health-related during novelty its unique perspective distinct psychological implications.

Language: Английский

Citations

23
Young people and false information: A scoping review of responses, influential factors, consequences, and prevention programs DOI Creative Commons

Maxime Kops,

Catherine Schittenhelm, Sebastian Wachs

et al.

Computers in Human Behavior, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 108650 - 108650

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Examining the Prevailing Negative Sentiments Related to COVID-19 Vaccination: Unsupervised Deep Learning of Twitter Posts over a 16 Month Period DOI Creative Commons
Qin Xiang Ng,

Shu Rong Lim,

Chun En Yau

et al.

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(9), P. 1457 - 1457

Published: Sept. 2, 2022

Despite the demonstrated efficacy, safety, and availability of COVID-19 vaccines, efforts in global mass vaccination have been met with widespread scepticism vaccine hesitancy or refusal. Understanding reasons for public's negative opinions towards using Twitter may help make new headways improving uptake. This study, therefore, examined prevailing sentiments via analysis public twitter posts over a 16 month period. Original tweets (in English) from 1 April 2021 to August 2022 were extracted. A bidirectional encoder representations transformers (BERT)-based model was applied, only selected. Topic modelling used, followed by manual thematic performed iteratively study investigators, independent reviews topic labels themes. total 4,448,314 analysed. The generated six topics three themes related vaccination. could be broadly understood as either emotional reactions perceived invidious policies safety effectiveness concerns vaccines. uncovered present infodemiology fit well into increasing model, they highlight important conversations had potential avenues future policy intervention campaign efforts.

Language: Английский

Citations

37
Press media impact of the Cumbre Vieja volcano activity in the island of La Palma (Canary Islands): A machine learning and sentiment analysis of the news published during the volcanic eruption of 2021 DOI Creative Commons
Jorge Navarro,

Jesus Urias Piña,

Fernando Magdaleno

et al.

International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 91, P. 103694 - 103694

Published: April 19, 2023

In this work we have used as a source of information large sample the press articles published during 2021 about eruption Cumbre Vieja volcano in island La Palma (Canary Islands). contraposition, scientific papers evaluating different facets natural disasters preferentially social networks information. Herein shown how emotions and sentiments expressed media can be efficiently analyzed via AI techniques to better assess impact disaster at time it takes place. We also gauged usefulness classifiers combining sentiment analysis with multivariate statistical machine learning techniques. By applying methodology, were able classify newspaper article within certain frame eruption, observed significant differences between local news Spanish those foreign newspapers written English. found emotional trajectories by Fourier transform onto inner "valence" progress along each narrative time. addition, there appeared relationship surface area occupied lava articles—many other correlations causalities could explored too. The main findings research may constitute helpful resource for understanding way react volcanic activity, guide public decision-making under temporal horizons, including design improved strategies risk reduction domain.

Language: Английский

Citations

13
Swept under the carpet: a qualitative study of patient perspectives on Long COVID, treatments, services, and mental health DOI Creative Commons
Lisa D. Hawke,

Anh T. P. Nguyen,

Natasha Y. Sheikhan

et al.

BMC Health Services Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: Oct. 11, 2023

Abstract Background A constellation of often disabling long-term physical symptoms enduring after an acute SARS-COV-2 infection is commonly referred to as Long COVID. Since COVID a new clinical entity, research required clarify treatment needs and experiences individuals affected. This qualitative descriptive study aimed provide insight into service preferences experiencing the intersections with mental health. Methods The was conducted out tertiary care health hospital, online recruitment from community across Canada. total 47 (average age = 44.9) participated in one 11 focus groups between June December 2022. Five were participants who had pre-existing concerns prior contracting SARS-CoV-2, six people but without concerns. semi-structured interview guide asked about preferences, including well-being services. Discussions recorded, transcribed, analyzed using codebook thematic analysis. Results When accessing services for COVID, patients experienced: (1) systemic barriers care, (2) challenges navigating unknowns leading (3) negative impacts on patient emotional recovery. Participants called improvements on: developing COVID-specific knowledge services, enhancing support financial well-being, daily living, building community, improving awareness public representation Conclusions Substantial generate considerable burden living There pressing need improve treatment, social supports, create integrated, accessible, responsive, ongoing systems.

Language: Английский

Citations

13
The Role of Explainability in Collaborative Human-AI Disinformation Detection DOI Creative Commons
Vera Schmitt, Luis-Felipe Villa-Arenas, Nils Feldhus

et al.

2022 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 2157 - 2174

Published: June 3, 2024

Manual verification has become very challenging based on the increasing volume of information shared online and role generative Artificial Intelligence (AI). Thus, AI systems are used to identify disinformation deep fakes online. Previous research shown that superior performance can be observed when combining human expertise. Moreover, according EU Act, oversight is inevitable using in a domain where fundamental rights, such as right free expression, might affected. need transparent offer sufficient explanations comprehensible. Much been done integrating eXplainability (XAI) features increase transparency systems; however, they lack human-centered evaluation. Additionally, meaningfulness varies depending users' background knowledge individual factors. this implements evaluation schema evaluate different XAI for collaborative human-AI detection task. Hereby, objective subjective dimensions, performance, perceived usefulness, understandability, trust system, features. A user study was conducted with an overall total 433 participants, whereas 406 crowdworkers 27 journalists participated experts detecting disinformation. The results show free-text contribute improving non-expert but do not influence experts. also lead blindly system its predictions wrong.

Language: Английский

Citations

5
How Does Digital Media Search for COVID-19 Influence Vaccine Hesitancy? Exploring the Trade-off between Google Trends, Infodemics, Conspiracy Beliefs and Religious Fatalism DOI Creative Commons
Jiayue Gao, Syed Hassan Raza, Muhammad Yousaf

et al.

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(1), P. 114 - 114

Published: Jan. 3, 2023

Digital media has remained problematic during COVID-19 because it been the source of false and unverified facts. This was particularly evident in widespread misinformation confusion regarding vaccine. Past research suggested infodemics, conspiracy beliefs, religious fatalism as potential threats to public vaccine hesitancy. However, literature is primarily void empirical evidence associating demographic attributes with efforts build Therefore, this uses two studies: (Study 1) Google Trends 2) survey method provide inclusive insight into use digital detrimental effects they were related building Using based on popular keywords searched over one year, Study 1 explores COVID-19. Drawing exploration, 2 used a cross-sectional national representative 2120 adult Pakistanis describe influence hazards such infodemics revealed that predict In addition, gender moderates relationship between beliefs implies there dispositional effect spread digitally. study's findings benefit health other concerned authorities help them reduce fatalism, hesitancy, theories targeted communication campaigns media.

Language: Английский

Citations

11