Results in Engineering,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
23, P. 102425 - 102425
Published: June 14, 2024
Aerodynamic
drag
plays
an
important
role
in
heavy
vehicles,
especially
when
traveling
at
high
speeds.
In
this
context,
the
application
of
passive
flow
control
devices
emerges
as
a
potential
approach
to
reduce
aerodynamic
leading
improvements
fuel
efficiency
and
environmental
pollution.
Consequently,
study
focuses
on
using
cab
side
extenders
rear
flaps
1:8
small-scale
simplified
tractor-trailer
model.
The
main
parameters
device
configuration,
including
length
LR
deflection
angle
θG
extenders,
θR
flaps,
are
optimized
minimize
model
coefficient.
Numerical
studies
performed
Computational
Fluid
Dynamics
method,
with
steady
k-ω
SST
unsteady
DES
turbulence
optimal
solution
is
implemented
based
30-level
Latin
Hypercube
design
experiment
full
quadratic
regression
response
surface
method.
obtained
results
show
that
maximum
reduction
coefficient
by
20.8
%
achieved
configuration
devices.
mechanism
also
evaluated
analysis
fields
around
vehicle
Fuel,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
362, P. 130844 - 130844
Published: Jan. 7, 2024
This
paper
provides
a
comprehensive
overview
of
the
physical
properties
and
applications
natural
gas
(NG)
hydrogen
as
fuels
in
internal
combustion
(IC)
engines.
The
also
meticulously
examines
use
both
NG
fuel
vehicles,
their
production,
characteristics,
properties.
It
reviews
current
experimental
studies
literature
investigates
results
using
fuels.
further
covers
challenges
associated
with
injectors,
needle
valves,
lubrication,
spark
plugs,
safety
requirements
for
Finally,
related
to
storage,
are
discussed.
review
reveals
that
ignition
(SI)
engines
has
clear
direct
positive
impact
on
economy
certain
emissions,
notably
reducing
CO2
non-methane
hydrocarbons.
However,
its
effect
other
such
unburnt
hydrocarbons
(UHC),
nitrogen
oxides
(NOx),
carbon
monoxide
(CO),
is
less
clear.
NG,
which
primarily
methane,
lower
carbon-to-hydrogen
ratio
than
diesel
fuel,
resulting
emissions
per
unit
energy
released.
In
contrast,
particularly
well-suited
gasoline
due
high
self-ignition
temperature.
While
increasing
content
reduces
torque
power
output,
higher
input
reduced
consumption
mitigation
toxic
exhaust
emissions.
Due
temperature,
not
inherently
suitable
engines,
necessitating
exploration
alternative
methods
introduction
into
cylinder.
suggests
shown
reduction
specific
an
increase
NOx
Overall,
valuable
informative
opportunities
IC
highlights
need
research
development
address
remaining
challenges,
more
efficient
chambers
