Applied Thermal Engineering, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 126233 - 126233
Published: March 1, 2025
Language: Английский
Applied Thermal Engineering, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 126233 - 126233
Published: March 1, 2025
Language: Английский
Fuel, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 362, P. 130844 - 130844
Published: Jan. 7, 2024
This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the physical properties and applications natural gas (NG) hydrogen as fuels in internal combustion (IC) engines. The also meticulously examines use both NG fuel vehicles, their production, characteristics, properties. It reviews current experimental studies literature investigates results using fuels. further covers challenges associated with injectors, needle valves, lubrication, spark plugs, safety requirements for Finally, related to storage, are discussed. review reveals that ignition (SI) engines has clear direct positive impact on economy certain emissions, notably reducing CO2 non-methane hydrocarbons. However, its effect other such unburnt hydrocarbons (UHC), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), is less clear. NG, which primarily methane, lower carbon-to-hydrogen ratio than diesel fuel, resulting emissions per unit energy released. In contrast, particularly well-suited gasoline due high self-ignition temperature. While increasing content reduces torque power output, higher input reduced consumption mitigation toxic exhaust emissions. Due temperature, not inherently suitable engines, necessitating exploration alternative methods introduction into cylinder. suggests shown reduction specific an increase NOx Overall, valuable informative opportunities IC highlights need research development address remaining challenges, more efficient chambers
Language: Английский
Citations
69Process Safety and Environmental Protection, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 186, P. 738 - 755
Published: April 5, 2024
Language: Английский
Citations
28Process Safety and Environmental Protection, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 184, P. 637 - 649
Published: Feb. 10, 2024
Language: Английский
Citations
18International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 48(99), P. 39586 - 39598
Published: June 24, 2023
Language: Английский
Citations
42International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 80, P. 188 - 205
Published: July 15, 2024
Language: Английский
Citations
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Published: July 30, 2024
Language: Английский
Citations
11International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 83, P. 884 - 896
Published: Aug. 14, 2024
Language: Английский
Citations
11Energy Conversion and Management, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 314, P. 118698 - 118698
Published: June 21, 2024
Language: Английский
Citations
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Published: Feb. 17, 2025
Language: Английский
Citations
1Journal of the Energy Institute, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 113, P. 101511 - 101511
Published: Dec. 26, 2023
Language: Английский
Citations
22