Physical activity for cognitive health promotion: An overview of the underlying neurobiological mechanisms

Ageing Research Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 86, P. 101868 - 101868

Published: Feb. 2, 2023

Language: Английский

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The neuromodulatory role of dopamine in improved reaction time by acute cardiovascular exercise

The Journal of Physiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 602(3), P. 461 - 484

Published: Jan. 2, 2024

Abstract Acute cardiovascular physical exercise improves cognitive performance, as evidenced by a reduction in reaction time (RT). However, the mechanistic understanding of how this occurs is elusive and has not been rigorously investigated humans. Here, using positron emission tomography (PET) with [ 11 C]raclopride, multi‐experiment study we whether acute releases endogenous dopamine (DA) brain. We hypothesized that augments brain DA system, RT improvement correlated release. The PET (Experiment 1: n = 16) demonstrated released DA, release was improvements Go/No‐Go task. Thereafter, two electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) studies (Experiments 2 3: 18 22 respectively), what triggers improvement. EMS indicated moderate arm cranking improved RT, but following alone or combined no load cranking. novel findings from these experiments are: (1) appears to be an important neuromodulator for (2) only altered when associated central signals higher centres. Our explain humans rapidly alter their behaviour neuromodulatory systems have significant implications promotion health. image Key points Using neurochemical specificity C]raclopride tomography, supine cycling (DA), RT. Additional peripherally driven contractions (i.e. exercise) were insufficient improve current suggests improvement,

Language: Английский

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Human dopaminergic system in the exercise-cognition link

Trends in Molecular Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(8), P. 708 - 712

Published: May 7, 2024

Language: Английский

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Look into my eyes: What can eye-based measures tell us about the relationship between physical activity and cognitive performance?

Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(5), P. 568 - 591

Published: May 5, 2023

There is a growing interest to understand the neurobiological mechanisms that drive positive associations of physical activity and fitness with measures cognitive performance. To better those mechanisms, several studies have employed eye-based (e.g., eye movement such as saccades, pupillary pupil dilation, vascular retinal vessel diameter) deemed be proxies for specific mechanisms. However, there currently no systematic review providing comprehensive overview these in field exercise-cognition science. Thus, this aimed address gap literature. identify eligible studies, we searched 5 electronic databases on October 23, 2022. Two researchers independently extracted data assessed risk bias using modified version Tool assEssment Study qualiTy reporting EXercise (TESTEX scale, interventional studies) critical appraisal tool from Joanna Briggs Institute (for cross-sectional studies). Our (n = 35 offers following main findings: (a) insufficient evidence available draw solid conclusions concerning gaze-fixation-based measures; (b) pupillometric measures, which are proxy noradrenergic system, can explain effect acute exercise cardiorespiratory performance mixed; (c) training- or fitness-related changes cerebrovascular system (operationalized via vasculature) are, general, positively associated improvements; (d) chronic exercises show based an oculomotor-based measure executive function antisaccade tasks); (e) association between partly mediated by dopaminergic spontaneous eye-blink rate). This confirmation provide valuable insight into may due limited number utilizing methods obtaining pupillometry, analysis, blink rate) investigating possible dose–response relationship, further research necessary before more nuanced drawn. Given economical non-invasive, hope will foster future application

Language: Английский

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The effects of acute high-intensity aerobic exercise on cognitive performance: A structured narrative review

Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Sept. 23, 2022

It is well established that acute moderate-intensity exercise improves cognitive performance. However, the effects of high-intensity aerobic on performance have not been characterized. In this review, we summarize literature investigating exercise-cognition interaction, especially focusing exercise. We discuss methodological and physiological factors potentially mediate in response to propose are primarily affected by timing task (during vs. after exercise, time delay exercise). particular, more likely be impaired during when both demands high completed simultaneously (i.e., dual-task paradigm). The may also type task, physical fitness, mode/duration, age. Second, suggest interactions between changes regional cerebral blood flow (CBF), oxygenation, metabolism, neuromodulation neurotransmitters/neurotrophic factors, a variety psychological promising candidates determine present review has implications for recreational, sporting, occupational activities where required concurrently.

Language: Английский

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Effects of acute aerobic exercise with different intensities on cerebral dopamine/norepinephine/serotonin metabolites and executive-related oculomotor control in individuals with Parkinson's disease

Mental health and physical activity, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 26, P. 100582 - 100582

Published: Feb. 6, 2024

Language: Английский

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The relationship between mindfulness and athletes’ mental skills may be explained by emotion regulation and self-regulation

BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: March 19, 2024

Abstract Background Although numerous psychological determinants of sports success have been identified in the scientific literature, research on contribution mindfulness and interoceptive awareness to achievements remains limited. This study investigates relationship between self-reported mental skills determining (i.e., flow state, attention, technique, sensitivity error, commitment, achievement), state for physical activity (of mind body), (including scales noticing, not distracting, worrying, attention regulation, emotional awareness, self-regulation, body listening, trusting). Methods A cross-sectional online survey was conducted a sample elite athletes speed skating ( n = 54) university students education 102) representing various disciplines competitive levels. The Sports Success Scale (SSS), State Mindfulness Physical Activity (SMS-PA), Multidimensional Assessment Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA-2) were used assess athletic achievements, mindfulness, sensitivity, respectively. Results Our findings indicate some small-to-moderate differences particular dimensions traits related success, different genders, groups, chain mediation model showed that variables is fully explained by two interoception: self-regulation regulation. Conclusions Cultivating can improve which turn may increase required successful participation. Therefore, training should focus primarily responsible athletes’ achievements. In addition, individual gender, discipline, level competition be considered during training.

Language: Английский

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Acute effects of exercise engagement on neurocognitive function: a systematic review and meta-analysis on P3 amplitude and latency

International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 43

Published: Dec. 19, 2022

Although the acute effect of exercise on behavioral cognitive performance is well-documented in psychology field, a comprehensive evaluation neuroelectric brain activity that determines healthy functioning following lacking. This systematic review included 39 studies examining effects P3 event-related potential through its amplitude and latency, which reflect amounts attentional resources allocated to processing speed for categorizing stimulus. Exercise has small increasing decreasing latency. The was moderated by age type, intensity, duration exercise, with smaller being observed individuals aged ≤18 19–35 than >60 years, high-intensity moderate-intensity interval training aerobic, resistance, combined as well lasting ≤10 11–20 21–30 min. latency duration, min showing These results demonstrated enhances allocation needed implement processes underlying goal-directed behavior. Further, these may be manipulated targeting specific groups prescribing parameters.

Language: Английский

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Effects of acute exercise on memory: Considerations of exercise intensity, post-exercise recovery period and aerobic endurance

Memory & Cognition, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 51(4), P. 1011 - 1026

Published: Nov. 18, 2022

Language: Английский

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Acute effect of physical activity on academic outcomes in school‐aged youth: A systematic review and multivariate meta‐analysis

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 34(1)

Published: Aug. 25, 2023

Abstract Background There has been an increase in the number of studies examining effect acute and chronic physical activity on academic outcomes children adolescents last two decades. We aimed to systematically determine effects school‐aged youth examine possible moderators. Methods conducted a systematic search using PubMed, Web Science, SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO databases (from inception 11th January 2023) for assessing performance‐related youth. A univariate multivariate meta‐analysis was based random‐effects model with restricted maximum likelihood used pool results (Hedge's g). Results included 11 articles (803 [range: 6–16 years]) review. Overall, increased g = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.20–0.50). Multivariate meta‐analyses revealed that performance mathematics 0.29, 0.16–0.42) language 0.28, 0.09–0.47). Only behavior change techniques 0.54, CI, 0.18–0.90, p < 0.001) played significant role this relationship. Conclusions single bout can improve youth, which may serve as complementary tool educational field. However, observed heterogeneity indicates we should interpret findings obtained caution.

Language: Английский

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