Science,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
363(6422)
Published: Dec. 7, 2018
Commensal-specific
T
cells
are
flexible
Barrier
tissues,
like
the
skin,
sites
where
noninvasive
commensal
microbes
constantly
interact
with
resident
cells.
These
encounters
can
result
in
commensal-specific
cell
responses
that
promote,
for
example,
host
defense
and
tissue
repair.
Harrison
et
al.
show
subsets
of
skin-resident
interleukin-17A–producing
CD4
+
CD8
have
a
dual
nature:
They
coexpress
transcription
factors
direct
antagonistic
antimicrobial
(type
17)
antiparasite
pro–tissue
repair
2)
programs.
When
skin
is
damaged,
epithelial
alarmins
license
type
17
to
turn
on
2
cytokines.
Thus,
activity
under
homeostatic
conditions
but
rapidly
context
injury.
Science
,
this
issue
p.
eaat6280
Gut Microbes,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
13(1)
Published: Jan. 1, 2021
Clostridium
butyricum
is
a
butyrate-producing
human
gut
symbiont
that
has
been
safely
used
as
probiotic
for
decades.
C.
strains
have
investigated
potential
protective
or
ameliorative
effects
in
wide
range
of
diseases,
including
gut-acquired
infection,
intestinal
injury,
irritable
bowel
syndrome,
inflammatory
disease,
neurodegenerative
metabolic
and
colorectal
cancer.
In
this
review
we
summarize
the
studies
on
supplementation
with
special
attention
to
proposed
mechanisms
associated
health
benefits
supporting
experimental
evidence.
These
center
molecular
signals
(especially
butyrate)
well
immunological
digestive
system
cascade
beyond
liver,
adipose
tissue,
brain,
more.
The
safety
appears
well-established.
We
identify
areas
where
additional
randomized
controlled
trials
would
provide
valuable
further
data
related
strains'
utility
an
intervention.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
11(1)
Published: Jan. 2, 2020
Abstract
Short-chain
fatty
acids
(SCFAs)
butyrate
and
propionate
are
metabolites
from
dietary
fiber's
fermentation
by
gut
microbiota
that
can
affect
differentiation
or
functions
of
T
cells,
macrophages
dendritic
cells.
We
show
here
at
low
doses
these
SCFAs
directly
impact
B
cell
intrinsic
to
moderately
enhance
class-switch
DNA
recombination
(CSR),
while
decreasing
higher
over
a
broad
physiological
range,
AID
Blimp1
expression,
CSR,
somatic
hypermutation
plasma
differentiation.
In
human
mouse
decrease
Aicda
Prdm1
upregulating
select
miRNAs
target
mRNA-3′UTRs
through
inhibition
histone
deacetylation
(HDAC)
those
miRNA
host
genes.
By
acting
as
HDAC
inhibitors,
not
energy
substrates
GPR-engagement
signaling
in
cell-intrinsic
processes,
impair
intestinal
systemic
T-dependent
T-independent
antibody
responses.
Their
epigenetic
on
cells
extends
autoantibody
production
autoimmunity
lupus
models.
Science,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
363(6422)
Published: Dec. 7, 2018
Commensal-specific
T
cells
are
flexible
Barrier
tissues,
like
the
skin,
sites
where
noninvasive
commensal
microbes
constantly
interact
with
resident
cells.
These
encounters
can
result
in
commensal-specific
cell
responses
that
promote,
for
example,
host
defense
and
tissue
repair.
Harrison
et
al.
show
subsets
of
skin-resident
interleukin-17A–producing
CD4
+
CD8
have
a
dual
nature:
They
coexpress
transcription
factors
direct
antagonistic
antimicrobial
(type
17)
antiparasite
pro–tissue
repair
2)
programs.
When
skin
is
damaged,
epithelial
alarmins
license
type
17
to
turn
on
2
cytokines.
Thus,
activity
under
homeostatic
conditions
but
rapidly
context
injury.
Science
,
this
issue
p.
eaat6280
