Neutralising antibody titres as predictors of protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants and the impact of boosting: a meta-analysis

The Lancet Microbe, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 3(1), P. e52 - e61

Published: Nov. 15, 2021

Several SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern have been identified that partly escape serum neutralisation elicited by current vaccines. Studies also shown vaccines demonstrate reduced protection against symptomatic infection with variants. We explored whether in-vitro titres remain predictive vaccine from variants.In this meta-analysis, we analysed published data 24 studies on and clinical to understand the loss existing concern. integrated results analysis into our statistical model relating (parameterised ancestral virus infection) estimate efficacy boosting responses use predict impact booster vaccination variants.The neutralising activity was highly Decreases in titre alpha (1·6-fold), beta (8·8-fold), gamma (3·5-fold), delta (3·9-fold) (compared virus) were not significantly different between Neutralisation remained strongly correlated (rS=0·81, p=0·0005) once decreases incorporated. Modelling predicted over time suggested might decrease below 50% within first year after for some Boosting previously infected individuals (which target is provide a higher degree than primary schedules alone.In-vitro correlate modelling effects waning immunity predicts vaccination. However, should enable achieved vaccination, which robust severe outcomes concern, at least medium term.The National Health Medical Research Council (Australia), Future Fund Victorian Government.

Language: Английский

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Harnessing the microbiome to prevent global biodiversity loss

Nature Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(11), P. 1726 - 1735

Published: July 21, 2022

Language: Английский

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Menstrual Symptoms After COVID-19 Vaccine: A Cross-Sectional Investigation in the MENA Region

International Journal of Women s Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: Volume 14, P. 395 - 404

Published: March 1, 2022

Background: Since the emergence of COVID-19 vaccinations, many women around world are reporting abnormalities in their menstrual periods post-vaccination. The aim this study is to investigate prevalence and impact after vaccine among females residing within Middle East North Africa (MENA). Methods: utilized a cross-sectional online self-administered survey from July 2021 August targeting living MENA region above age menarche who had received were not pregnant or lactating, do have history primary ovarian insufficiency, hypothalamic menopause, undergone hysterectomy. was distributed regionally via social media. Results: A total 2269 included our study, with mean 34.3 ± 8.5 years. About 66.3% participants reported symptoms post-vaccination, which 46.7% experienced them first dose. However, 93.6% participants, resolved 2 months. Vaccine type did significantly influence incidence (p > 0.05). Participants confirmed previous infection very similar percentage compared people suspected test (67.5%, 66.8%, respectively); nevertheless, those general side effects more < 0.001). Compared pandemic status, Conclusion: showed possible link between that impacted quality life. Keywords: COVID-19, MENA, abnormalities, cycle,

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy among Healthcare Workers—A Review

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(6), P. 948 - 948

Published: June 15, 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic and its associated vaccine have highlighted hesitancy among healthcare workers (HCWs). Vaccine this group existed prior to the particularly centered around influenza vaccination. Being a physician, having more advanced education, previous vaccination habits are frequently with acceptance. relationship between age caring for patients on is unclear, studies providing opposing results. Reasons include concerns about safety efficacy, mistrust of government institutions, waiting data, feeling that personal rights being infringed upon. Many these reasons reflect attitudes as well political beliefs views autonomy. Finally, several interventions encourage been studied, including education programs non-monetary incentives most effective using combination methods.

Language: Английский

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Efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and the dose–response relationship with three major antibodies: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

The Lancet Microbe, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(4), P. e236 - e246

Published: Feb. 28, 2023

Summary

Background

The efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in preventing severe COVID-19 illness and death is uncertain due to the rarity data individual trials. How well antibody concentrations can predict also uncertain. We aimed assess these infections different severities dose–response relationship between efficacy.

Methods

did a systematic review meta-analysis randomised controlled trials (RCTs). searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web Science, Cochrane Library, WHO, bioRxiv, medRxiv for papers published Jan 1, 2020 Sep 12, 2022. RCTs on were eligible. Risk bias was assessed using tool. A frequentist, random-effects model used combine common outcomes (ie, symptomatic asymptomatic infections) Bayesian rare hospital admission, infection, death). Potential sources heterogeneity investigated. relationships neutralising, spike-specific IgG receptor binding domain-specific titres with examined by meta-regression. This registered PROSPERO, CRD42021287238.

Findings

28 (n=286 915 vaccination groups n=233 236 placebo groups; median follow-up 1–6 months after last vaccination) across 32 publications included this review. combined full 44·5% (95% CI 27·8–57·4) infections, 76·5% (69·8–81·7) 95·4% credible interval 88·0–98·7) hospitalisation, 90·8% (85·5–95·1) 85·8% (68·7–94·6) death. There against but insufficient evidence suggest whether could differ according type vaccine, age vaccinated individual, between-dose (p>0·05 all). Vaccine infection waned over time vaccination, an average decrease 13·6% 5·5–22·3; p=0·0007) per month be enhanced booster. found significant non-linear each (p<0·0001 all), there remained considerable efficacy, which cannot explained concentrations. risk low most studies.

Interpretation

higher than milder infection. wanes Higher are associated estimates precise predictions difficult large unexplained heterogeneity. These findings provide important knowledge base interpretation application future studies issues.

Funding

Shenzhen Science Technology Programs.

Language: Английский

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A Systematic Review of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine Efficacy and Effectiveness Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection and Disease

Open Forum Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9(6)

Published: April 18, 2022

Billions of doses coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines have been administered globally, dramatically reducing severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) incidence and severity in some settings. Many studies suggest provide a high degree protection against infection disease, but precise estimates vary differ design, outcomes measured, dosing regime, location, circulating virus strains. In this study, we conduct systematic review COVID-19 through February 2022. We included efficacy data from Phase 3 clinical trials for 15 undergoing World Health Organization Emergency Use Listing evaluation real-world effectiveness 8 with observational meeting inclusion criteria. Vaccine metrics collected include asymptomatic infection, any symptomatic COVID-19, including hospitalization death, partial or complete vaccination, variants concern Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Omicron. additionally the epidemiological principles behind design interpretation vaccine studies, important sources heterogeneity.

Language: Английский

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A novel STING agonist-adjuvanted pan-sarbecovirus vaccine elicits potent and durable neutralizing antibody and T cell responses in mice, rabbits and NHPs

Cell Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 32(3), P. 269 - 287

Published: Jan. 19, 2022

Abstract The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants and potentially other highly pathogenic sarbecoviruses in the future highlights need for pan-sarbecovirus vaccines. Here, we discovered a new STING agonist, CF501, found that CF501-adjuvanted RBD-Fc vaccine (CF501/RBD-Fc) elicited significantly stronger neutralizing antibody (nAb) T cell responses than Alum- cGAMP-adjuvanted mice. Vaccination rabbits rhesus macaques (nonhuman primates, NHPs) with CF501/RBD-Fc exceptionally potent nAb against its nine 41 S-mutants, SARS-CoV bat SARSr-CoVs. CF501/RBD-Fc-immunized hACE2-transgenic mice were almost completely protected challenge, even 6 months after initial immunization. NHPs immunized single dose produced high titers nAbs. also exhibited durable humoral cellular immune showed remarkably reduced viral load upper lower airways upon challenge at 108 days post final Thus, can be further developed as novel to combat current outbreaks sarbecovirus diseases.

Language: Английский

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mRNA-LNP HIV-1 trimer boosters elicit precursors to broad neutralizing antibodies

Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 384(6697)

Published: May 16, 2024

Germline-targeting (GT) HIV vaccine strategies are predicated on deriving broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) through multiple boost immunogens. However, as the recruitment of memory B cells (MBCs) to germinal centers (GCs) is inefficient and may be derailed by serum antibody–induced epitope masking, driving further cell receptor (BCR) modification in GC-experienced after boosting poses a challenge. Using humanized immunoglobulin knockin mice, we found that GT protein trimer immunogen N332-GT5 could prime inferred-germline precursors V3-glycan–targeted bnAb BG18 primed were effectively boosted either two novel immunogens designed have minimum cross-reactivity with off-target V1-binding responses. The delivery messenger RNA lipid nanoparticles (mRNA-LNPs) generated long-lasting GCs, somatic hypermutation, affinity maturation an effective tool development.

Language: Английский

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The Immunopathogenesis of a Cytokine Storm: The Key Mechanisms Underlying Severe COVID-19

Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

A cytokine storm is marked by excessive pro-inflammatory release, and has emerged as a key factor in severe COVID-19 cases - making it critical therapeutic target. However, its pathophysiology was poorly understood, which hindered effective treatment. SARS-CoV-2 initially disrupts angiotensin signalling, promoting inflammation through ACE-2 downregulation. Some patients' immune systems then fail to shift from innate adaptive immunity, suppressing interferon responses leading pyroptosis neutrophil activation. This amplifies tissue damage inflammation, creating loop. The result the disruption of Th1/Th2 Th17/Treg balances, lymphocyte exhaustion, extensive blood clotting. Cytokine treatments include glucocorticoids suppress system, monoclonal antibodies neutralize specific cytokines, JAK inhibitors block receptor signalling. most treatment options for mitigating infection remain vaccines preventive measure antiviral drugs early stages infection. article synthesizes insights into dysregulation COVID-19, offering framework better understand storms improve monitoring, biomarker discovery, strategies other conditions involving storms.

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 Infection: New Molecular, Phylogenetic, and Pathogenetic Insights. Efficacy of Current Vaccines and the Potential Risk of Variants

Viruses, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(9), P. 1687 - 1687

Published: Aug. 25, 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a newly discovered responsible for the disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. COVID-19 has rapidly become public health emergency of international concern. Although remarkable scientific achievements have been reached since beginning pandemic, knowledge behind this novel coronavirus, in terms molecular and pathogenic characteristics zoonotic potential, still relatively limited. Today, there vaccine, or rather several vaccines, which, first time history highly contagious infectious diseases that plagued mankind, manufactured just one year. Currently, four vaccines are licensed by regulatory agencies, they use RNA viral vector technologies. The positive effects vaccination campaign being felt many parts world, but disappearance new infection far from reality, as it also threatened presence SARS-CoV-2 variants could undermine effectiveness hampering immunization control efforts. Indeed, current findings indicate adapting to transmission humans more efficiently, while further divergence initial archetype should be considered. In review, we aimed provide collection regarding molecular, phylogenetic, pathogenetic insights into SARS-CoV-2. most recent obtained with respect impact emerging well development implementation highlighted.

Language: Английский

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