Restrained memory CD8+T cell responses favors viral persistence and elevated IgG responses in patients with severe Long COVID DOI Creative Commons
Lucie Rodriguez, Ziyang Tan, Tadepally Lakshmikanth

et al.

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 13, 2024

Abstract During the COVID-19 pandemic it was widely described that certain individuals infected by SARS-CoV-2 experience persistent disease signs and symptoms, Long COVID, which in some cases is very severe with life changing consequences. To maximize our chances of identifying underpinnings this illness, we have focused on 121 most from >1000 patients screened specialized clinics Sweden Belgium. We restricted study to subjects objective measures organ damage or dysfunction, >3 months following a verified, but mild-to-moderate infection. By performing systems-level immunological testing comparisons controls fully convalescent similar mild/moderate episode, identify elevated serological responses COVID suggestive chronic antigen stimulation. Persistent viral reservoirs been proposed using multiple orthogonal methods for detection RNA protein plasma subset detectable antigens, minimal overlap across assays, no correlation symptoms immune measurements. Elevated serologic other hand were inversely correlated clonally expanded memory CD8 + T cells, indicating restrained clonal expansion enables persistence, exposure IgG responses, even if antigen-detection blood not universally possible.

Language: Английский

Prior vaccination promotes early activation of memory T cells and enhances immune responses during SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection DOI Open Access
Mark M. Painter, Timothy S. Johnston, Kendall A. Lundgreen

et al.

Nature Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(10), P. 1711 - 1724

Published: Sept. 21, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

71
Targetable elements in SARS-CoV-2 S2 subunit for the design of pan-coronavirus fusion inhibitors and vaccines DOI Creative Commons

Liyan Guo,

Sheng Lin, Zimin Chen

et al.

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: May 10, 2023

Abstract The ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), has devastating impacts on the public health and economy. Rapid viral antigenic evolution led to continual generation new variants. Of special note is recently expanding Omicron subvariants that are capable immune evasion from most existing neutralizing antibodies (nAbs). This posed challenges for prevention treatment COVID-19. Therefore, exploring broad-spectrum antiviral agents combat emerging variants imperative. In sharp contrast massive accumulation mutations within SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD), S2 fusion subunit remained highly conserved among Hence, S2-based therapeutics may provide effective cross-protection against Here, we summarize developed inhibitors (e.g., nAbs, peptides, proteins, small-molecule compounds) candidate vaccines targeting elements in subunit. main focus includes all targetable elements, namely, peptide, stem helix, heptad repeats 1 (HR1-HR2) bundle. Moreover, a detailed summary characteristics action-mechanisms each class cross-reactive inhibitors, which should guide promote future design coronaviruses.

Language: Английский

Citations

48
Acute and post-acute respiratory complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection: population-based cohort study in South Korea and Japan DOI Creative Commons
Yujin Choi, Hyeon Jin Kim, Jaeyu Park

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: May 27, 2024

Abstract Considering the significant burden of post-acute COVID-19 conditions among patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, we aimed to identify risk acute respiratory complications or sequelae. A binational population-based cohort study was conducted analyze sequelae after SARS-CoV-2 infection. We used a Korean nationwide claim-based (K-COV-N; n = 2,312,748; main cohort) and Japanese (JMDC; 3,115,606; replication multi-to-one propensity score matching. Among 2,312,748 participants (mean age, 47.2 years [SD, 15.6]; 1,109,708 [48.0%] female), 17.1% (394,598/2,312,748) were SARS-CoV-2. The is significantly increased in people infection compared general population (acute complications: HR, 8.06 [95% CI, 6.92-9.38]; sequelae: 1.68 [1.62-1.75]), increasing severity. identified vaccination as an attenuating factor, showing protective association against conditions. Furthermore, while excess diminished time following infection, it persisted beyond 6 months post-infection. showed similar pattern association. Our comprehensively evaluates post-COVID-19 conditions, considering factors such status, post-infection duration, severity, specific

Language: Английский

Citations

23
Opportunities and challenges for T cell-based influenza vaccines DOI
Tim R. Mosmann, Andrew J. McMichael,

Alexandre LeVert

et al.

Nature reviews. Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(10), P. 736 - 752

Published: May 2, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

21
Transforming vaccinology DOI
Rino Rappuoli, Galit Alter, Bali Pulendran

et al.

Cell, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 187(19), P. 5171 - 5194

Published: Sept. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

16
The Role of Memory T-Cell Mediated Immunity in Long-term COVID-19: Effects of Vaccination Status. DOI

Saulesh Kurmangaliyeva,

Akzhan M. Madenbayeva, Saltanat T. Urazayeva

et al.

PubMed, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 50(2), P. 61 - 68

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

T-cell-mediated immunity is essential for controlling severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV2) infection, preventing disease, and potentially reducing the risk of long-term disease (COVID). This study investigated impact natural vaccination, hybrid on T-cell responses, with a particular emphasis role memory T-cells in COVID-19. The present reviewed current literature including development, individuals SARS-CoV-2 those vaccinated messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines, immunity. It examined studies that compared activity, immune regulation, prevalence COVID-19 across these groups. Natural infection induces variable cases showing stronger but sometimes dysregulated immunological which may contribute to prolonged Vaccination, particularly mRNA elicits targeted consistent T-cells, severity, incidence Hybrid combines provides most robust protection, enhanceds reduces through balanced regulation. Memory play critical mitigating Vaccination significantly enhances immunity, minimizing chronic symptoms alone. effective defense, emphasizing importance even after prevent

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Respiratory mucosal immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 after infection and vaccination DOI Creative Commons
Elena Mitsi, Mariana O. Diniz, Jesús Reiné

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Oct. 26, 2023

Abstract Respiratory mucosal immunity induced by vaccination is vital for protection from coronavirus infection in animal models. In humans, the capacity of peripheral to generate sustained lung mucosa, and how this influenced prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, unknown. Here we show using bronchoalveolar lavage samples that donors with history both have more airway antibodies memory B cells than those only vaccinated. Infection also induces populations spike-specific CD4+ CD8+ T are not expanded alone. Airway a distinct hierarchy antigen specificity compared periphery. Spike-specific persist mucosa 7 months after last immunising event. Thus, alone does appear induce durable against SARS-CoV-2, supporting an argument need vaccines targeting airways.

Language: Английский

Citations

33
Impaired innate and adaptive immune responses to BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in systemic lupus erythematosus DOI Creative Commons
Kavita Y. Sarin, Hong Zheng, Yashaar Chaichian

et al.

JCI Insight, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(5)

Published: March 8, 2024

Understanding the immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is critical optimizing strategies for individuals with autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Here, we comprehensively analyzed innate and adaptive in 19 patients SLE receiving a complete 2-dose Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2) regimen compared control cohort of 56 healthy (HC) volunteers. Patients exhibited impaired neutralizing antibody production antigen-specific CD4+ CD8+ T cell relative HC. Interestingly, were only altered treated immunosuppressive therapies, whereas impairment numbers was independent medication. also displayed reduced levels circulating CXC motif chemokine ligands, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, IFN-γ after secondary well downregulation gene expression pathways indicative compromised responses. Single-cell RNA-Seq analysis reveals that showed vaccine-inducible monocyte population characterized by overexpression IFN-response transcription factors. Thus, although 2 doses BNT162b2 induced relatively robust SLE, our data demonstrate both HC, highlighting need population-specific studies.

Language: Английский

Citations

9
Rates of infection with other pathogens after a positive COVID-19 test versus a negative test in US veterans (November, 2021, to December, 2023): a retrospective cohort study DOI
Miao Cai, Evan Xu, Yan Xie

et al.

The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Are repeat COVID infections dangerous? What the science says DOI Open Access

Cassandra Willyard

Nature, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 616(7958), P. 650 - 652

Published: April 26, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

18