RSC Advances,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
15(9), P. 7050 - 7068
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
This
study
investigates
the
use
of
bean
husks
as
a
precursor
for
synthesis
an
efficient
and
regenerable
catalyst,
with
aim
offering
economical
sustainable
alternative
biodiesel
production.
Residual
shell
biomass
(RBBH)
was
calcined
at
different
temperatures
(350-500
°C)
times
(1-4
h)
to
determine
optimum
conditions.
The
catalyst
obtained
characterized
by
various
methods,
such
X-ray
Diffraction
(XRD),
Fourier
Transform
Infrared
Spectroscopy
(FT-IR),
Scanning
Electron
Microscopy
(SEM),
Energy
Dispersive
(EDS)
Thermogravimetric
Analysis
(TG/DTG).
results
showed
that
contains
metal
oxides
carbonates
active
sites.
In
addition,
influence
reaction
conditions
evaluated
in
ranges
temperature
(60-120
°C),
time
(0.5-2.5
h),
MeOH
:
oil
molar
ratio
(12
1-28
1)
concentration
(2-10%
weight).
maximum
ester
content
(97.6%)
achieved
120
°C,
2
h,
20
1
8%
catalyst.
After
partial
deactivation
solid
it
regenerated
KOH,
yielding
biodiesels
over
75%
three
consecutive
cycles,
demonstrating
its
efficiency
potential
continuous
use.
Energy Conversion and Management X,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
23, P. 100669 - 100669
Published: July 1, 2024
One
of
the
main
limitations
to
economic
sustainability
biodiesel
production
remains
high
feedstock
cost.
Modeling
and
optimization
are
crucial
steps
determine
if
processes
(esterification
transesterification)
involved
in
economically
viable.
Phenomenological
or
mechanistic
models
can
simulate
processes.
These
methods
have
been
used
manage
processes,
but
their
broad
use
has
constrained
by
computational
complexity
numerical
difficulties.
Therefore,
it
is
necessary
quick,
effective,
accurate,
resilient
modeling
methodologies
regulate
such
complex
systems.
Data-driven
machine-learning
(ML)
techniques
offer
a
potential
replacement
for
conventional
deal
with
nonlinear,
unpredictable,
complex,
multivariate
nature
Artificial
neural
networks
(ANN)
adaptive
neuro-fuzzy
inference
systems
(ANFIS)
most
often
utilized
ML
tools
research.
To
effectively
attain
maximum
yield,
suitable
based
on
nature-inspired
algorithms
need
be
integrated
these
obtain
best
possible
combination
various
operating
variables.
Future
research
should
focus
utilizing
approaches
monitoring
managing
increase
effectiveness
promote
commercial
feasibility.
Thus,
review
discusses
optimizing
