Screening and Characterization of Shark-Derived VNARs against SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD Protein DOI Open Access
Yu‐Lei Chen,

Jin-Jin Lin,

Huan Ma

et al.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(18), P. 10904 - 10904

Published: Sept. 18, 2022

The receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is major target for antibody therapeutics. Shark-derived variable domains new antigen receptors (VNARs) are smallest fragments with flexible paratopes that can recognize motifs inaccessible to classical antibodies. This study reported four VNARs binders (JM-2, JM-5, JM-17, and JM-18) isolated from Chiloscyllium plagiosum immunized RBD. Biolayer interferometry showed bound RBD an affinity KD ranging 38.5 2720 nM, their Fc fusions had over ten times improved affinity. Gel filtration chromatography revealed JM-2-Fc, JM-5-Fc, JM-18-Fc could form stable complexes in solution. In addition, five bi-paratopic VNARs, named JM-2-5, JM-2-17, JM-2-18, JM-5-18, JM-17-18, were constructed by fusing two targeting distinct epitopes based on epitope grouping results. All these except JM-5-18 higher binding affinities than its component exhibited further enhanced affinities, JM-2-5-Fc, JM-2-17-Fc, JM-2-18-Fc, JM-5-18-Fc having values lower 1 pM. Among JM-2-18-Fc block angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) wildtype, Delta, Omicron, SARS-CoV, inhibition rates 48.9~84.3%. Therefore, high-affinity VNAR promise as detectors therapeutics COVID-19.

Language: Английский

Mutations in SARS-CoV-2: Insights on structure, variants, vaccines, and biomedical interventions DOI Open Access
Ahmed I. Abulsoud,

Hussein M. El‐Husseiny,

Ahmed A. El-Husseiny

et al.

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 157, P. 113977 - 113977

Published: Nov. 7, 2022

COVID-19 is a worldwide pandemic caused by SARS-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Less than year after the emergence of Covid-19 pandemic, many vaccines have arrived on market with innovative technologies in field vaccinology. Based use messenger RNA (mRNA) encoding Spike SARS-Cov-2 protein or recombinant adenovirus vectors enabling gene to be introduced into our cells, these strategies make it possible envisage vaccination new light tools that are more scalable vaccine used so far. Faced appearance variants, which will gradually take precedence over strain at origin allow much faster update fight against some may escape neutralization antibodies. However, only policy based rapid and massive population but requiring supply sufficient doses could combat variants. Indeed, greater number infected individuals, virus multiplies, an increased risk variants viruses. This review discuss SARS-CoV-2 pathophysiology evolution approaches altered transmission platforms emphasize different mutations how they influence characteristics. Also, this article summarizes common implication genetic variety biomedical arbitrations.

Language: Английский

Citations

92
The Remarkable Evolutionary Plasticity of Coronaviruses by Mutation and Recombination: Insights for the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Future Evolutionary Paths of SARS-CoV-2 DOI Creative Commons
Grigoris D. Amoutzias, Marios Nikolaidis, Eleni Tryfonopoulou

et al.

Viruses, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 78 - 78

Published: Jan. 2, 2022

Coronaviruses (CoVs) constitute a large and diverse subfamily of positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses. They are found in many mammals birds have great importance for the health humans farm animals. The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, as well previous epidemics that were zoonotic origin, highlights studying evolution entire CoV order to understand how novel strains emerge which molecular processes affect their adaptation, transmissibility, host/tissue tropism, patho non-homologous genicity. In this review, we focus on studies over last two years reveal impact point mutations, insertions/deletions, intratypic/intertypic homologous recombination events CoVs. We discuss whether next generations vaccines should be directed against other proteins addition or instead spike. Based observed patterns subfamily, five scenarios future evolutionary path COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, within context, recently emerged Omicron (B.1.1.529) VoC.

Language: Английский

Citations

82
Update on the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines on different variants of SARS-CoV-2 DOI Open Access
Negar Firouzabadi, Parisa Ghasemiyeh,

Fatemeh Moradishooli

et al.

International Immunopharmacology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 117, P. 109968 - 109968

Published: March 2, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

78
COVID-19 vaccines adverse events: potential molecular mechanisms DOI Open Access
Malamatenia Lamprinou, Athanasios Sachinidis, Εleni Stamoula

et al.

Immunologic Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 71(3), P. 356 - 372

Published: Jan. 6, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

64
Vaccines for COVID-19: A Systematic Review of Immunogenicity, Current Development, and Future Prospects DOI Creative Commons
Zhan Zhang, Qi Shen, Haocai Chang

et al.

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: April 27, 2022

The persistent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), characterized by severe respiratory syndrome, is caused 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and it poses a major threat to public health all over the world. Currently, optimal COVID-19 management involves effective vaccination. Vaccination known greatly enhance immune response against viral infections reduce transmission of COVID-19. However, although current vaccines offer some benefits, variations other factors demand continuous development eliminate this virus from host. Hence, vaccine research crucial urgent elimination pandemic. Herein, we summarized structural replicatory features SARS-CoV-2, focused on vaccine-mediated prevention strategies like antigen selection, research, application. We also evaluated latest literature extensively reviewed action mechanisms, clinical trial (CT) progresses, advantages, as well disadvantages various candidates SARS-CoV-2. Lastly, discussed treatment, trends, future prospects.

Language: Английский

Citations

59
Vaccination and immunotherapies in neuroimmunological diseases DOI Open Access

Alexander Winkelmann,

Micha Loebermann, Michael Barnett

et al.

Nature Reviews Neurology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 18(5), P. 289 - 306

Published: April 6, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

47
COVID-19 Vaccines and Autoimmune Hematologic Disorders DOI Creative Commons
María Eva Mingot‐Castellano, Nora Butta,

Mariana Canaro

et al.

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(6), P. 961 - 961

Published: June 16, 2022

Worldwide vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 has allowed the detection of hematologic autoimmune complications. Adverse events (AEs) this nature had been previously observed in association with other vaccines. The underlying mechanisms are not totally understood, although mimicry between viral and self-antigens plays a relevant role. It is important to remark that, incidence these AEs extremely low, their evolution may lead life-threatening scenarios if treatment readily initiated. Hematologic have associated both mRNA adenoviral vector-based main reported entities secondary immune thrombocytopenia, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, hemolytic anemia, Evans syndrome, newly described disorder, so-called vaccine-induced thrombocytopenia (VITT). hallmark VITT presence anti-platelet factor 4 autoantibodies able trigger platelet activation. Patients present develop thrombosis unusual locations such as cerebral beds. management does differ significantly from that disorders non-vaccine context, thus addressing autoantibody production bleeding/thromboembolic risk. This means clinicians must be aware distinctive signs order diagnose them initiate soon possible.

Language: Английский

Citations

42
New insights from nanotechnology in SARS-CoV-2 detection, treatment strategy, and prevention DOI Open Access
Raghu Solanki, Abhishek Shankar, Unnati Modi

et al.

Materials Today Chemistry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29, P. 101478 - 101478

Published: March 3, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

33
Fractional stochastic modelling of COVID-19 under wide spread of vaccinations: Egyptian case study DOI Creative Commons
O.A. Omar,

Reda A. Elbarkouky,

Hamdy M. Ahmed

et al.

Alexandria Engineering Journal, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 61(11), P. 8595 - 8609

Published: Feb. 7, 2022

This work predicts the dynamics of COVID-19 under widespread vaccination to anticipate virus's current and future waves. We focused on establishing two population-based models for predictions: fractional-order model stochastic model. Based dose efficacy, which is one main imposed assumptions in our study, some vaccinated people will probably be exposed infection by same viral wave. validated generated applying them wave Egypt. assumed that Egyptian began 10th September 2021. Using actual data varying models' fractional orders, we generate different predicted scenarios. The numerical solution obtained using Euler method Maruyama method. At end, compared a high rate with previous Through this comparison, control effect quantified.

Language: Английский

Citations

23
mRNA and Adenoviral Vector Vaccine Platforms Utilized in COVID-19 Vaccines: Technologies, Ecosystem, and Future Directions DOI Creative Commons
Ryo Okuyama

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(12), P. 1737 - 1737

Published: Nov. 21, 2023

New technological platforms, such as mRNA and adenoviral vector vaccines, have been utilized to develop coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines. These new modalities enable rapid flexible vaccine design cost-effective swift manufacturing, effectively combating pandemics caused by mutating viruses. Innovation ecosystems, including universities, startups, investors, governments are crucial for developing these cutting-edge technologies. This review summarizes the research development trajectory of technologies, their investments, support surrounding them, in addition details each technology. In addition, this study examines importance an innovation ecosystem novel comparing it with case Japan, which has lagged behind COVID-19 development. It also explores direction post-COVID-19 era.

Language: Английский

Citations

15