Polyphenols, Alkaloids, and Terpenoids Against Neurodegeneration: Evaluating the Neuroprotective Effects of Phytocompounds Through a Comprehensive Review of the Current Evidence

Metabolites, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 124 - 124

Published: Feb. 13, 2025

Neurodegenerative diseases comprise a group of chronic, usually age-related, disorders characterized by progressive neuronal loss, deformation structure, or loss function, leading to substantially reduced quality life. They remain significant focus scientific and clinical interest due their increasing medical social importance. Most neurodegenerative present intracellular protein aggregation extracellular deposition (plaques), such as α-synuclein in Parkinson's disease amyloid beta (Aβ)/tau aggregates Alzheimer's. Conventional treatments for conditions incur high costs are related the development several adverse effects. In addition, many patients irresponsive them. For these reasons, there is growing tendency find new therapeutic approaches help patients. This review intends investigate some phytocompounds' effects on diseases. These generally increased oxidative stress inflammation, so phytocompounds can prevent treat To achieve our aim provide critical assessment current literature about phytochemicals targeting neurodegeneration, we reviewed reputable databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, COCHRANE, seeking trials that utilized against conditions. A few investigated humans, after screening, 13 were ultimately included following PRISMA guidelines. compounds include polyphenols (flavonoids luteolin quercetin, phenolic acids rosmarinic acid, ferulic caffeic other like resveratrol), alkaloids (such berberine, huperzine A, caffeine), terpenoids ginkgolides limonene). The gathered evidence underscores caffeine, ginkgolides, primarily anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective, counteracting neuroinflammation, oxidation, synaptic dysfunctions, which crucial aspects intervention various conditions, Alzheimer's dementias, depression, neuropsychiatric disorders. summary, they show use improvements cognition, memory, disinhibition, irritability/lability, aberrant behavior, hallucinations, mood

Language: Английский

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Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Post-Spinal-Cord-Injury Anxiety and Depression: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications

ACS Chemical Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 56 - 70

Published: Dec. 18, 2023

The majority of research on the long-term effects spinal cord injury (SCI) has primarily focused neuropathic pain (NP), psychological issues, and sensorimotor impairments. Among SCI patients, mood disorders, such as anxiety depression, have been extensively studied. It found that chronic stress NP negative consequences reduce quality life for individuals living with SCI. Our review examined both human experimental evidence to explore connection between changes following inflammatory pathways, a specific focus NLRP3 inflammasome signaling. We observed increased proinflammatory factors in blood, well brain tissues models. plays crucial role various diseases by controlling release molecules like interleukin 1β (IL-1β) IL-18. Dysregulation key regions associated processing, prefrontal cortex hippocampus, contributes development disorders In this review, we summarized recent expression regulation components related signaling Finally, discussed potential therapeutic approaches target regulate cytokines way treat

Language: Английский

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Stress, pain, anxiety, and depression in endometriosis–Targeting glial activation and inflammation

International Immunopharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 132, P. 111942 - 111942

Published: April 2, 2024

Language: Английский

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Preclinical Insights into the Role of Kir4.1 in Chronic Pain and Depression: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 165 - 165

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

Chronic pain and mental health disorders, such as depression anxiety, frequently co-occur share underlying mechanisms involving neuronal excitability synaptic transmission. The inwardly rectifying potassium channel 4.1 (Kir4.1), predominantly expressed in glial cells, is crucial for maintaining extracellular glutamate homeostasis. Dysregulation of Kir4.1 leads to altered activity, contributing both chronic disorders. In pain, downregulation impairs buffering clearance, increasing enhancing signaling through peripheral central sensitization. impaired function disrupts neurotrophic factor secretion neuroinflammatory pathways, leading mood disturbances. This review primarily summarizes findings from preclinical studies examine the relationship between pathogenesis discussing its molecular structure, expression patterns, functional roles. Furthermore, we explore therapeutic strategies targeting Kir4.1, including pharmacological modulators gene therapy approaches, emphasizing potential a novel target.

Language: Английский

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Luteolin: exploring its therapeutic potential and molecular mechanisms in pulmonary diseases

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Feb. 12, 2025

Luteolin is a flavonoid widely found in plants, including vegetables, botanical drugs, and fruits. Owing to its diverse pharmacological activities, such as anticancer, oxidative stress protection, anti-inflammatory, neuron-preserving effects, luteolin has attracted attention research medicine. exhibits therapeutic effects on various pulmonary disease models through multiple molecular mechanisms; these include inhibition of activation the PI3K/Akt-mediated Nuclear Factor kappa-B (NF-κB) MAPK signaling pathways, well promotion regulatory T cell (Treg) function enhancement alveolar epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) activity (alleviating inflammation responses). chronic obstructive (COPD), acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS), fibrosis, allergic asthma, cancer. Luteolin, naturally occurring polyphenol, poorly water-soluble. The oral route may be ineffective because gut absorbs this type flavonoid. Therefore, although significant biological activity, clinical application limited by challenges associated with poor water solubility low bioavailability, which are critical factors for efficacy application. These can addressed modifying chemical structure enhancing pharmaceutical formulations. We summarized advancements improving bioavailability luteolin, diseases their related mechanisms, aim providing new ideas researchers.

Language: Английский

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Exploration of the mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine for anxiety and depression in patients with diarrheal irritable bowel syndrome based on network pharmacology and meta-analysis

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: May 21, 2024

Background The efficacy of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) in managing irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D) accompanied by anxiety and depression remains uncertain. Thus, a systematic review was carried out employing meta-analysis network pharmacology to ascertain the underlying mechanisms CHM therapy. Methods By conducting review, including literature search, screening, data extraction, we identified 25 randomized controlled trials assess CHM’s effectiveness treating alongside depression. Network utilized scrutinize metabolite utility addressing this condition. Potential primary were synthesized using information sourced from PubMed database. Results Twenty-five studies, 2055 patients, analyzed, revealing significant treatment for IBS-D trial group compared controls [OR = 4.01, 95% CI (2.99, 5.36), I 2 0%] Additionally, [SMD −1.08, (-1.30, −0.86), p < 0.00001, 68%; SDS: SMD -1.69, (-2.48, −0.90), 0.0001, 96%] [HAMA: -1.29, (-1.68, −0.91), 89%; SAS: -1.75, (-2.55, −0.95), significantly improved group. Furthermore, exhibited lower disease relapse rate 0.30, (0.20, 0.44), 0%]. consistently IBS severity (IBS-SSS) symptom scores. analysis key chemical metabolites traditional formulations, Beta-sitosterol, Stigmasterol, Quercetin, Naringenin, Luteolin, Kaempferol, Nobiletin, Wogonin, Formononetin, Isorhamnetin. Utilizing STRING database Cytoscape v3.9.0 software, protein-protein interaction (PPI) revealed top eight targets: IL-6, TNF, PPARG, PTGS2, ESR1, NOS3, MAPK8, AKT1, implicated anti-inflammatory responses, antioxidant stress modulation, neurotransmitter homeostasis maintenance. Conclusion Herbal Medicine offers promising safe approach patients dealing Diarrheal Irritable Bowel Syndrome depression; thus, indicating its potential practical implementation. most active could simultaneously act on pathological targets IBS-D, anxiety, depression.The diverse scope therapeutic role includes various aspects objectives, underscoring broad utilization.

Language: Английский

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The Antinociceptive Role of Nrf2 in Neuropathic Pain: From Mechanisms to Clinical Perspectives

Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(8), P. 1068 - 1068

Published: Aug. 15, 2024

Neuropathic pain, a chronic condition resulting from nerve injury or dysfunction, presents significant therapeutic challenges and is closely associated with oxidative stress inflammation, both of which can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related 2 (Nrf2) pathway, critical cellular defense mechanism against stress, has emerged as promising target for neuropathic pain management. Nrf2 modulators enhance the expression antioxidant cytoprotective genes, thereby reducing damage, impairment. This review explores antinociceptive effects Nrf2, highlighting how pharmacological agents natural compounds may be used potential strategies pain. Although preclinical studies demonstrate reduction improved function through activation, several clinical need addressed. However, emerging evidence suggests benefits in conditions, such diabetic neuropathy multiple sclerosis. Future research should focus on further elucidating molecular role optimize its modulation efficacy maximize utility.

Language: Английский

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ANXIOLYTICS: Origins, drug discovery, and mechanisms

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 245, P. 173858 - 173858

Published: Aug. 22, 2024

Language: Английский

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Investigation into the Sleep-Promoting Effects of the Traditional Use of Passionflower (Passiflora spp.), Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) and Mulungu (Erythrina spp.) in Brazil

Drugs and Drug Candidates, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 4(1), P. 11 - 11

Published: March 13, 2025

Background/Objectives: Sleep is essential to human health, playing a vital role in physical and mental well-being. disorders can lead significant health complications, such as cardiovascular problems, diabetes, obesity, depression. In Brazil, plants passionflower (Passiflora spp.), chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) mulungu (Erythrina spp.) are widely used folk medicine for their sleep-promoting properties. This article reviews the existing literature on effects of these plants, focusing Brazilian context popular knowledge use. Methods: An integrative review was conducted, including scientific articles English Portuguese from PubMed, Scielo Google Scholar databases. Ethnobotanical studies documenting traditional use Brazil clinical preclinical research were included. Results: The juice infusion leaves fruits mainly treat anxiety insomnia, flower tea its sedative effects, bark decoctions anxiolytic These uses supported by demonstrating efficacy treating anxiety, stress. Conclusions: recognition inclusion RENISUS highlights importance public Brazil. However, more rigorous trials needed confirm safety ensure safe integration into modern medicine.

Language: Английский

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Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Chronic Pain and Alzheimer's Disease—A Review

Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 39(2)

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

ABSTRACT The coexistence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and chronic pain (CP) in the elderly population has been extensively documented, a growing body evidence supports potential interconnections between these two conditions. This comprehensive review explores mechanisms by which CP may contribute to development progression AD, with particular focus on neuroinflammatory pathways role microglia, as well activation NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. proposes that prolonged processing critical brain regions can dysregulate activity NLRP3 inflammasome within leading overproduction pro‐inflammatory cytokines excessive oxidative stress regions. aberrant microglial response also results localized neuroinflammation areas crucial for cognitive function. Additionally, persistent physiological psychological stressor be associated hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction, systemic inflammation, disruption blood–brain barrier (BBB), neuroinflammation. These pathophysiological changes cause morphological functional impairments responsible cognition, memory, neurotransmitter production, potentially contributing CP‐associated AD. Resultant further promote amyloid‐beta (Aβ) plaque deposition, hallmark AD pathology. Potential therapeutic interventions targeting pathways, particularly through regulation activation, hold promise improving outcomes individuals comorbid However, research is required fully elucidate complex interplay conditions develop effective treatment strategies.

Language: Английский

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