Decellularization in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine: Evaluation, Modification, and Application Methods

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: April 25, 2022

Reproduction of different tissues using scaffolds and materials is a major element in regenerative medicine. The regeneration whole organs with decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) has remained goal despite the use these for purposes. Recently, decellularization techniques have been widely used producing that are appropriate regenerating damaged may be able to overcome shortage donor organs. Decellularized ECM offers several advantages over synthetic compounds, including preserved natural microenvironment features. Different methods developed, each which removing cells from specific under certain conditions. A variety advanced evaluating process terms cell removal efficiency, tissue ultrastructure preservation, toxicity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, mechanical resistance order enhance efficacy methods. Modification improve characteristics scaffolds, making them available tissues. Moreover, modification makes options drug delivery, disease modeling, improving stem growth proliferation. However, considering challenges way application this field constantly developing progressively moving forward. This review outlined recent sterilization strategies, evaluation tests efficient decellularization, processing, application, future outlooks medicine engineering.

Language: Английский

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Competency in Navigating Arbitrary Spaces as an Invariant for Analyzing Cognition in Diverse Embodiments

Entropy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 24(6), P. 819 - 819

Published: June 12, 2022

One of the most salient features life is its capacity to handle novelty and namely thrive adapt new circumstances changes in both environment internal components. An understanding this central several fields: evolution form function, design effective strategies for biomedicine, creation novel forms via chimeric bioengineering technologies. Here, we review instructive examples living organisms solving diverse problems propose competent navigation arbitrary spaces as an invariant thinking about scaling cognition during evolution. We argue that our innate recognize agency intelligence unfamiliar guises lags far behind ability detect it familiar behavioral contexts. The multi-scale competency essential adaptive potentiating providing top-down control (not micromanagement) address complex disease injury. observer-focused viewpoint agnostic scale implementation, illustrating how pivoted similar explore exploit metabolic, transcriptional, morphological, finally 3D motion spaces. By generalizing concept behavior, gain perspectives on evolution, system-level biomedical interventions, construction bioengineered intelligences. This framework a first step toward relating highly embodiments, which will be progress artificial regenerative medicine thriving world increasingly populated by synthetic, bio-robotic, hybrid beings.

Language: Английский

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Bioelectric networks: the cognitive glue enabling evolutionary scaling from physiology to mind

Animal Cognition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 26(6), P. 1865 - 1891

Published: May 19, 2023

Abstract Each of us made the remarkable journey from mere matter to mind: starting life as a quiescent oocyte (“just chemistry and physics”), slowly, gradually, becoming an adult human with complex metacognitive processes, hopes, dreams. In addition, even though we feel ourselves be unified, single Self, distinct emergent dynamics termite mounds other swarms, reality is that all intelligence collective intelligence: each consists huge number cells working together generate coherent cognitive being goals, preferences, memories belong whole not its parts. Basal cognition quest understand how Mind scales—how large numbers competent subunits can work become intelligences expand scale their possible goals. Crucially, trick turning homeostatic, cell-level physiological competencies into large-scale behavioral limited electrical brain. Evolution was using bioelectric signaling long before neurons muscles appeared, solve problem creating repairing bodies. this Perspective, I review deep symmetry between developmental morphogenesis classical behavior. describe highly conserved mechanisms enable implement regulative embryogenesis, regeneration, cancer suppression. sketch story evolutionary pivot repurposed algorithms cellular machinery navigation morphospace 3D world which so readily recognize intelligence. Understanding underlie construction bodies brains provides essential path understanding natural evolution, bioengineered design, diverse within beyond phylogenetic history Earth.

Language: Английский

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Collective intelligence: A unifying concept for integrating biology across scales and substrates

Communications Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: March 28, 2024

Abstract A defining feature of biology is the use a multiscale architecture, ranging from molecular networks to cells, tissues, organs, whole bodies, and swarms. Crucially however, not only nested structurally, but also functionally: each level able solve problems in distinct problem spaces, such as physiological, morphological, behavioral state space. Percolating adaptive functionality one competent subunits higher functional organization requires collective dynamics: multiple components must work together achieve specific outcomes. Here we overview number biological examples at different scales which highlight ability cellular material make decisions that implement cooperation toward homeodynamic endpoints, intelligence by solving cell, tissue, whole-organism levels. We explore hypothesis province groups animals, an important symmetry exists between science swarms competencies cells other systems scales. then briefly outline implications this approach, possible impact tools field diverse for regenerative medicine synthetic bioengineering.

Language: Английский

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Endless forms most beautiful 2.0: teleonomy and the bioengineering of chimaeric and synthetic organisms

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 139(4), P. 457 - 486

Published: July 14, 2022

Abstract The rich variety of biological forms and behaviours results from one evolutionary history on Earth, via frozen accidents selection in specific environments. This ubiquitous baggage natural, familiar model species obscures the plasticity swarm intelligence cellular collectives. Significant gaps exist our understanding origin anatomical novelty, relationship between genome form, strategies for control large-scale structure function regenerative medicine bioengineering. Analysis living that have never existed before is necessary to reveal deep design principles life as it can be. We briefly review existing examples chimaeras, cyborgs, hybrots other beings along spectrum containing evolved designed systems. To drive experimental progress multicellular synthetic morphology, we propose teleonomic (goal-seeking, problem-solving) behaviour diverse problem spaces a powerful invariant across possible regardless composition or origin. Cybernetic perspectives chimaeric morphogenesis erase artificial distinctions established by past limitations technology imagination. suggest multi-scale competency architecture facilitates evolution robust problem-solving, machines. Creation analysis novel will be an essential testbed emerging field intelligence, with numerous implications medicine, robotics ethics.

Language: Английский

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There’s Plenty of Room Right Here: Biological Systems as Evolved, Overloaded, Multi-Scale Machines

Biomimetics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(1), P. 110 - 110

Published: March 8, 2023

The applicability of computational models to the biological world is an active topic debate. We argue that a useful path forward results from abandoning hard boundaries between categories and adopting observer-dependent, pragmatic view. Such view dissolves contingent dichotomies driven by human cognitive biases (e.g., tendency oversimplify) prior technological limitations in favor more continuous view, necessitated study evolution, developmental biology, intelligent machines. Form function are tightly entwined nature, some cases, robotics as well. Thus, efforts re-shape living systems for biomedical or bioengineering purposes require prediction control their at multiple scales. This challenging many reasons, one which perform functions same place time. refer this “polycomputing”—the ability substrate simultaneously compute different things, make those available observers. important way things kind computer, but not familiar, linear, deterministic kind; rather, computers broad sense materials, reported rapidly growing physical computing literature. observer-centered framework computations performed evolved designed will improve understanding mesoscale events, it has already done quantum relativistic To develop our how life performs polycomputing, can be convinced alter functions, we first create technologies polycompute learn functions. Here, review examples idea overloading on hardware design principle helps understand build both systems. Learning hack existing polycomputing substrates, well evolve new ones, have massive impacts regenerative medicine, robotics, computer engineering.

Language: Английский

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Motile Living Biobots Self‐Construct from Adult Human Somatic Progenitor Seed Cells

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(4)

Published: Nov. 30, 2023

Fundamental knowledge gaps exist about the plasticity of cells from adult soma and potential diversity body shape behavior in living constructs derived genetically wild-type cells. Here anthrobots are introduced, a spheroid-shaped multicellular biological robot (biobot) platform with diameters ranging 30 to 500 microns cilia-powered locomotive abilities. Each Anthrobot begins as single cell, human lung, self-constructs into motile biobot after being cultured extra cellular matrix for 2 weeks transferred minimally viscous habitat. Anthrobots exhibit diverse behaviors motility patterns tight loops straight lines speeds 5-50 s

Language: Английский

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The collective intelligence of evolution and development

Collective Intelligence, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2(2), P. 263391372311683 - 263391372311683

Published: April 1, 2023

Collective intelligence and individual are usually considered to be fundamentally different. Individual is uncontroversial. It occurs in organisms with special neural machinery, evolved by natural selection enable cognitive learning functions that serve the fitness benefit of organism, then trained through lifetime experience maximise rewards. Whilst mechanisms not fully understood, good models exist for many aspects cognition learning. intelligence, contrast, a much more ambiguous idea. What exactly constitutes collective often vague, might it frequently domain-specific. These cannot selected specifically purpose because collectives (except circumstances) evolutionary units, clear can learn way intelligences do since they singular locus rewards benefits. Here, we use examples from evolution developmental morphogenesis argue these apparent distinctions as categorical appear. Breaking down such enables us borrow expand existing framework particular connectionist familiar context networks. We discuss how specific features inform necessary sufficient conditions identify current knowledge gaps opportunities future research.

Language: Английский

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Biological Robots: Perspectives on an Emerging Interdisciplinary Field

Soft Robotics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(4), P. 674 - 686

Published: April 21, 2023

Advances in science and engineering often reveal the limitations of classical approaches initially used to understand, predict, control phenomena. With progress, conceptual categories must be re-evaluated better track recently discovered invariants across disciplines. It is essential refine frameworks resolve conflicting boundaries between disciplines such that they facilitate, not restrict, experimental capabilities. In this essay, we address specific questions critiques which have arisen response our research program, lies at intersection developmental biology, computer science, robotics. context biological machines robots, explore changes concepts previously distinct fields are driven by recent advances materials, information, life sciences. Herein, each author provides their own perspective on subject, framed disciplinary training. We argue as with computation, certain aspects biology robotics tied materials; rather, consilience these can help shed light issues multiscale control, self-assembly, relationships form function. hope new emerge arising from technological overcome, furthering practical applications regenerative medicine useful synthetic living machines.

Language: Английский

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Synthetic biology: supporting an anti-reductionist view of life

Synthese, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 205(2)

Published: Jan. 16, 2025

Abstract The life sciences have evoked long-standing philosophical debates on a system view of versus reductionist that reduces the complexity life-forms to parts-based entities can be described purely mechanistically. This paper examines how current scientific advances in contribute an anti-reductionist concept life. It does so by looking at synthetic biology, discipline within has ambiguous relationship this debate. While field’s engineering approach could considered manifestation life, it also builds more holistic, systems analyses recent practices taking place biology seem challenge After analyzing main accounts I ask support these considering living as processual, collaborative, and cognitive, nonlife gradual scale. empirically informed contributes literature drawing observations about connecting following: sciences, different metaphysical stances philosophy emerging biology. concludes views

Language: Английский

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