Immunogenicity of decellularized extracellular matrix scaffolds: a bottleneck in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine

Biomaterials Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 27(1)

Published: Feb. 9, 2023

Abstract Tissue-engineered decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds hold great potential to address the donor shortage as well immunologic rejection attributed cells in conventional tissue/organ transplantation. Decellularization, key process manufacturing ECM scaffolds, removes immunogen cell materials and significantly alleviates immunogenicity biocompatibility of derived scaffolds. However, application these bioscaffolds still confronts major challenges. This review discusses interplay between damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) antigens main inducers innate adaptive immunity aid biocompatible grafts with desirable immunogenicity. It also appraises impact various decellularization methodologies (i.e., apoptosis-assisted techniques) on provoking immune responses that participate rejecting allogenic xenogeneic In addition, research findings regarding contribution alterations, cytotoxicity issues, graft sourcing, implantation site tissues/organs are comprehensively considered. Finally, it practical solutions overcome immunogenicity, including antigen masking by crosslinking, sterilization optimization, removal techniques such selective sequential solubilization.

Language: Английский

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Biomimetic Bilayered Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering: From Current Design Strategies to Medical Applications

Advanced Healthcare Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(17)

Published: Feb. 18, 2023

Abstract Tissue damage due to cancer, congenital anomalies, and injuries needs new efficient treatments that allow tissue regeneration. In this context, engineering shows a great potential restore the native architecture function of damaged tissues, by combining cells with specific scaffolds. Scaffolds made natural and/or synthetic polymers sometimes ceramics play key role in guiding cell growth formation tissues. Monolayered scaffolds, which consist uniform material structure, are reported as not being sufficient mimic complex biological environment Osteochondral, cutaneous, vascular, many other tissues all have multilayered structures, therefore scaffolds seem more advantageous regenerate these review, recent advances bilayered design applied regeneration bone, cartilage, skin, periodontal, urinary bladder, tracheal focused on. After short introduction on anatomy, composition fabrication techniques explained. Then, experimental results obtained vitro vivo described, their limitations given. Finally, difficulties scaling up production bilayer reaching stage clinical studies discussed when multiple scaffold components used.

Language: Английский

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Growth anisotropy of the extracellular matrix shapes a developing organ

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: March 3, 2023

Abstract Final organ size and shape result from volume expansion by growth changes contractility. Complex morphologies can also arise differences in rate between tissues. We address here how differential guides the morphogenesis of growing Drosophila wing imaginal disc. report that 3D morphology results elastic deformation due to anisotropy epithelial cell layer its enveloping extracellular matrix (ECM). While tissue grows plane, bottom ECM occurs is reduced magnitude, thereby causing geometric frustration bending. The elasticity, are fully captured a mechanical bilayer model. Moreover, expression Matrix metalloproteinase MMP2 controls envelope. This study shows controllable constraint whose intrinsic directs developing organ.

Language: Английский

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Extracellular matrix-derived materials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: A journey from isolation to characterization and application

Bioactive Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34, P. 494 - 519

Published: Jan. 21, 2024

Biomaterial choice is an essential step during the development tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) applications. The selected biomaterial must present properties allowing physiological-like recapitulation of several processes that lead to reestablishment homeostatic or organ function. Biomaterials derived from extracellular matrix (ECM) many such their use in field has been steadily increasing. Considering this growing importance, it becomes imperative provide a comprehensive overview ECM biomaterials, encompassing sourcing, processing, integration into TERM This review compiles main strategies used isolate process ECM-derived biomaterials as well different techniques for its characterization, namely biochemical chemical, physical, morphological, biological. Lastly, some applications are explored discussed.

Language: Английский

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Biomaterial-based regenerative therapeutic strategies for spinal cord injury

NPG Asia Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Jan. 19, 2024

Abstract As one of the most intractable neurological diseases, spinal cord injury (SCI) often leads to permanent impairment in patients. Unfortunately, due complex pathological mechanisms and unique postinjury microenvironment, there is currently no way completely repair injured cord. In recent years, with rapid development tissue engineering technology, combination biomaterials medicine has provided a new idea for treating SCI. Here, we systematically summarize representative biomaterials, including natural, synthetic, nano, hybrid materials, their applications SCI treatment. addition, describe several state-of-the-art fabrication techniques engineering. Importantly, provide novel insights use biomaterial-based therapeutic strategies reduce secondary damage promote repair. Finally, discuss biomaterial clinical studies. This review aims reference future exploration regeneration strategies.

Language: Английский

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Hydrogels: Classifications, fundamental properties, applications, and scopes in recent advances in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine – A comprehensive review

Arabian Journal of Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(10), P. 105968 - 105968

Published: Aug. 17, 2024

Hydrogels are three-dimensional structures that serve as substitutes for the extracellular matrix (ECM) and possess outstanding physicochemical biochemical characteristics. They gaining importance in regenerative medicine because of their similarity to natural terms moisture content wound tissue healing permeability. Tissue engineering advancements have resulted development flexible hydrogels mimic dynamic characteristics ECM. Several approaches been applied produce from biopolymers with enhanced functional structural different applications (TERM). This review provides a comprehensive overview hydrogel healing, engineering, drug delivery systems. We outline types based on physical chemical crosslinking, fundamental properties, TERM. article provided recent literature within five years. Recent developments biopolymer-based state-of-the-art discussed, emphasizing significant challenges future perspectives.

Language: Английский

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Innovative Approaches to Wound Healing: Insights into Interactive Dressings and Future Directions

Journal of Materials Chemistry B, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(33), P. 7977 - 8006

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

The objective of this review is to provide an up-to-date and all-encompassing account the recent advancements in domain interactive wound dressings. Considering gap between achieved desired clinical outcomes with currently available or under-study healing therapies, newer more specific options based on type phase are reviewed. Starting from comprehensive description process, a detailed classification dressings presented. Subsequently, we present elaborate significant discussion describing (unconventional) Latter includes biopolymer-based, bioactive-containing biosensor-based smart dressings, which discussed separate sections together their applications limitations. Moreover, (2-5 years) trials, patents unconventional marketed products, other information advanced care designs techniques discussed. future research direction highlighted, peptides, proteins, human amniotic membranes as potential Finally, conclude that field needs further development offers scope for integrating process technologies.

Language: Английский

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Advancements in bioengineered and autologous skin grafting techniques for skin reconstruction: a comprehensive review

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

The reconstruction of complex skin defects challenges clinical practice, with autologous grafts (ASGs) as the traditional choice due to their high graft take rate and patient compatibility. However, ASGs have limitations such donor site morbidity, limited tissue availability, necessity for multiple surgeries in severe cases. Bioengineered (BSGs) aim address these drawbacks through advanced engineering biomaterial science. This study conducts a systematic review describe benefits shortcomings BSGs across wound healing efficacy, integration, immunogenicity, functional outcomes focusing on re-epithelialization, survival, overall aesthetic outcomes. Preliminary findings suggest show superior early results, while demonstrate comparable long-term reduced morbidity. comparative analysis enhances understanding bioengineered alternatives reconstruction, potentially redefining best practices based safety, patient-centric outcomes, highlighting need further innovation solutions.

Language: Английский

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In Vitro Engineered ECM‐incorporated Hydrogels for Osteochondral Tissue Repair: A Cell‐Free Approach

Advanced Healthcare Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(4)

Published: Jan. 5, 2025

Prevalence of osteoarthritis has been increasing in aging populations, which necessitated the use advanced biomedical treatments. These involve grafts or delivering drug molecules entrapped scaffolds. However, such treatments often show suboptimal therapeutic effects due to poor half-life and off-target molecules. As a countermeasure, 3D printable robust hydrogel-based tissue-repair platform is developed containing decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) from differentiated mammalian cells as cargo. Here, pre-osteoblastic pre-chondrogenic murine are vitro, decellularized, incorporated into methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) solutions form osteogenic (GelO) chondrogenic (GelC) hydrogels, respectively. Integrating bioactive dECM cell sources allows GelO GelC induce differentiation human adipose-derived stem (hASCs) toward lineages. Further, can be covalently adhered using carbodiimide coupling reaction, forming multi-layered hydrogel with potential application osteochondral plug. The designed also hASCs vitro. In conclusion, carrying printed offers promising new cell-free strategy for bone cartilage repair future management.

Language: Английский

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Decellularized Extracellular Matrix Scaffolds for Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering: Current Techniques and Challenges

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(21), P. 13040 - 13040

Published: Oct. 27, 2022

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of global mortality. Over past two decades, researchers have tried to provide novel solutions for end-stage heart failure address cardiac transplantation hurdles such as donor organ shortage, chronic rejection, and life-long immunosuppression. Cardiac decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) has been widely explored a promising approach in tissue-regenerative medicine because its remarkable similarity original tissue. Optimized decellularization protocols combining physical, chemical, enzymatic agents developed obtain perfect balance between cell removal, ECM composition, function maintenance. However, proper assessment tissue composition is still needed before clinical translation. Recellularizing acellular scaffold with organ-specific cells evaluating extent cardiomyocyte repopulation also challenging. This review aims discuss existing literature on scaffolds, especially advantages methods preparation, pointing out areas improvement. Finally, an overview state research regarding application dECM future challenges bioengineering human suitable provided.

Language: Английский

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