Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
10
Published: Feb. 15, 2023
COVID-19
currently
represents
one
of
the
major
health
challenges
worldwide.
Albeit
its
infectious
character,
with
onset
affectation
mainly
at
respiratory
track,
it
is
clear
that
pathophysiology
has
a
systemic
ultimately
affecting
many
organs.
This
feature
enables
possibility
investigating
SARS-CoV-2
infection
using
multi-omic
techniques,
including
metabolomic
studies
by
chromatography
coupled
to
mass
spectrometry
or
nuclear
magnetic
resonance
(NMR)
spectroscopy.
Here
we
review
extensive
literature
on
metabolomics
in
COVID-19,
unraveled
aspects
disease
including:
characteristic
metabotipic
signature
associated
discrimination
patients
according
severity,
effect
drugs
and
vaccination
treatments
characterization
natural
history
metabolic
evolution
disease,
from
full
recovery
long-term
long
sequelae
COVID.
Communications Biology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
6(1)
Published: Sept. 30, 2023
Plants,
animals
and
humans
metabolically
produce
volatile
isoprene
(C5H8).
Humans
continuously
exhale
exhaled
concentrations
differ
under
various
physio-metabolic
pathophysiological
conditions.
Yet
unknown
metabolic
origin
hinders
to
reach
clinical
practice
as
a
biomarker.
Screening
2000
individuals
from
consecutive
mass-spectrometric
studies,
we
herein
identify
five
healthy
German
adults
without
isoprene.
Whole
exome
sequencing
in
these
reveals
only
one
shared
homozygous
(European
prevalence:
<1%)
IDI2
stop-gain
mutation,
which
causes
losses
of
enzyme
active
site
Mg2+-cofactor
binding
sites.
Consequently,
the
conversion
isopentenyl
diphosphate
dimethylallyl
(DMAPP)
part
cholesterol
metabolism
is
prevented
adults.
Targeted
depicts
that
rs1044261
variant
(p.Trp144Stop)
heterozygous
deficient
blood-relatives
absent
unrelated
normal
Wild-type
IDI1
related
serological
parameters
are
all
determines
production
DMAPP
sources
unlike
plants,
lack
synthase
its
homologue.
Human
expressed
skeletal-myocellular
peroxisomes
instant
spikes
exhalation
during
muscle
activity
underpins
muscular
lipolytic
metabolism.
Our
findings
translate
clinically
interpretable
breath
biomarker
towards
potential
applications
human
medicine.
ACS Sensors,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
8(6), P. 2309 - 2318
Published: May 24, 2023
We
adapted
an
existing,
spaceflight-proven,
robust
"electronic
nose"
(E-Nose)
that
uses
array
of
electrical
resistivity-based
nanosensors
mimicking
aspects
mammalian
olfaction
to
conduct
on-site,
rapid
screening
for
COVID-19
infection
by
measuring
the
pattern
sensor
responses
volatile
organic
compounds
(VOCs)
in
exhaled
human
breath.
built
and
tested
multiple
copies
a
hand-held
prototype
E-Nose
system,
composed
64
chemically
sensitive
nanomaterial
sensing
elements
tailored
VOC
detection;
data
acquisition
electronics;
smart
tablet
with
software
(App)
control,
display;
sampling
fixture
capture
breath
samples
deliver
them
inside
E-Nose.
The
detect
combination
VOCs
typical
at
parts-per-billion
(ppb)
levels,
repeatability
0.02%
reproducibility
1.2%;
measurement
electronics
provide
accuracy
signal-to-noise
ratios
comparable
benchtop
instrumentation.
Preliminary
clinical
testing
Stanford
Medicine
63
participants,
their
COVID-19-positive
or
COVID-19-negative
status
determined
concomitant
RT-PCR,
discriminated
between
these
two
categories
79%
correct
identification
rate
using
"leave-one-out"
training-and-analysis
methods.
Analyzing
response
conjunction
body
temperature
other
non-invasive
symptom
advanced
machine
learning
methods,
much
larger
database
from
wider
swath
population,
is
expected
more
accurate
on-the-spot
answers.
Additional
testing,
design
refinement,
mass
manufacturing
approach
are
main
steps
toward
deploying
this
technology
rapidly
screen
active
clinics
hospitals,
public
commercial
venues,
home.
Antioxidants,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(2), P. 172 - 172
Published: Jan. 29, 2024
Due
to
their
immediate
exhalation
after
generation
at
the
cellular/microbiome
levels,
exhaled
volatile
organic
compounds
(VOCs)
may
provide
real-time
information
on
pathophysiological
mechanisms
and
host
response
infection.
In
recent
years,
metabolic
profiling
of
most
frequent
respiratory
infections
has
gained
interest
as
it
holds
potential
for
early,
non-invasive
detection
pathogens
monitoring
disease
progression
therapy.
Using
previously
unpublished
data,
randomly
selected
individuals
from
a
COVID-19
test
center
were
included
in
study.
Based
multiplex
PCR
results
(non-SARS-CoV-2
pathogens),
breath
profiles
479
subjects
with
presence
or
absence
flu-like
symptoms
obtained
using
proton-transfer-reaction
time-of-flight
mass
spectrometry.
Among
223
individuals,
one
pathogen
was
detected
171
cases,
more
than
52
cases.
A
total
256
had
negative
no
symptoms.
The
VOC
affected
by
Haemophilus
influenzae,
Streptococcus
pneumoniae,
Rhinovirus.
endogenous
ketone,
short-chain
fatty
acid,
organosulfur,
aldehyde,
terpene
concentrations
changed,
but
only
few
exhibited
concentration
changes
above
inter-individual
physiological
variations.
origins,
observed
be
attributed
oxidative
stress
antioxidative
defense,
energy
metabolism,
systemic
microbial
immune
homeostasis,
inflammation.
contrast
previous
studies
pre-selected
patient
groups,
this
study
demonstrate
broad
variations
real-life
screening
conditions.
As
unique
infection
markers
exist,
clearly
mentioned
can
regarded
indicative
colonization.
Scientific Reports,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
12(1)
Published: Oct. 26, 2022
Abstract
Being
the
proximal
matrix,
breath
offers
immediate
metabolic
outlook
of
respiratory
infections.
However,
high
viral
load
in
exhalations
imposes
higher
transmission
risk
that
needs
improved
methods
for
safe
and
repeatable
analysis.
Here,
we
have
advanced
state-of-the-art
real-time
offline
mass-spectrometry
based
analysis
exhaled
volatile
organic
compounds
(VOCs)
under
SARS-CoV-2
and/or
similar
conditions.
To
reduce
infection
risk,
general
experimental
setups
direct
sampling
are
modified.
Certain
mainstream
side-stream
filters
examined
lab-based
applications.
Confounders/contributions
from
optimum
operational
conditions
assessed.
We
observed
effects
safety
mandates
on
biomarker
profiles.
Main-stream
induced
physiological
analytical
effects.
Side-stream
caused
only
systematic
Observed
substance
specific
partly
depended
compound’s
origin
properties,
flow
rate.
For
samples,
storage
time,
-conditions
-temperature
were
crucial.
Our
provided
point-of-care
with
low
disease
transmission.
Besides
VOCs
profiling
spontaneously
breathing
subjects
at
screening
scenario
COVID-19/similar
test
centres,
our
protocols
applicable
moderately/severely
ill
(even
mechanically-ventilated)
highly
contagious
patients
intensive
care.
ERJ Open Research,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
9(5), P. 00206 - 2023
Published: June 29, 2023
Although
rapid
screening
for
and
diagnosis
of
coronavirus
disease
2019
(COVID-19)
are
still
urgently
needed,
most
current
testing
methods
long,
costly
or
poorly
specific.
The
objective
the
present
study
was
to
determine
whether
not
artificial-intelligence-enhanced
real-time
mass
spectrometry
breath
analysis
is
a
reliable,
safe,
means
ambulatory
patients
COVID-19.
ERJ Open Research,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
10(3), P. 00007 - 2024
Published: April 11, 2024
Background
The
SARS-CoV-2
pandemic
stimulated
the
advancement
and
research
in
field
of
canine
scent
detection
COVID-19
volatile
organic
compound
(VOC)
breath
sampling.
It
remains
unclear
which
VOCs
are
associated
with
positive
alerts.
This
study
aimed
to
confirm
that
training
aids
used
for
were
indeed
releasing
discriminant
detectable
identifiable
by
gas
chromatography
(GC-MS).
Methods
Inexperienced
dogs
(two
Labradors
one
English
Springer
Spaniel)
trained
over
19
weeks
discriminate
between
infected
uninfected
individuals
then
independently
validated.
Getxent
tubes,
impregnated
odours
from
clinical
gargle
samples,
during
canines’
maintenance
process
also
analysed
using
GC-MS.
Results
Three
successfully
detect
COVID-19.
A
principal
components
analysis
model
was
created
confirmed
ability
negative
tubes
a
sensitivity
78%
specificity
77%.
Two
found
be
very
predictive
cases.
When
comparing
GC-MS,
F1
Matthew's
correlation
coefficient,
scores
0.69
0.37
observed,
respectively,
demonstrating
good
concordance
two
methods.
Interpretation
provides
analytical
confirmation
can
safely
reliably
produced
discrimination
samples
controls.
is
further
step
towards
better
understanding
odour
as
interest
defining
what
VOC
elements
canines
interpret
“essential”.
