Laboratory Findings and Biomarkers in Long COVID: What Do We Know So Far? Insights into Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Therapeutic Perspectives and Challenges

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(13), P. 10458 - 10458

Published: June 21, 2023

Long COVID (LC) encompasses a constellation of long-term symptoms experienced by at least 10% people after the initial SARS-CoV-2 infection, and so far it has affected about 65 million people. The etiology LC remains unclear; however, many pathophysiological pathways may be involved, including viral persistence; chronic, low-grade inflammatory response; immune dysregulation defective reactivation latent viruses; autoimmunity; persistent endothelial dysfunction coagulopathy; gut dysbiosis; hormonal metabolic dysregulation; mitochondrial dysfunction; autonomic nervous system dysfunction. There are no specific tests for diagnosis LC, clinical features laboratory findings biomarkers not specifically relate to LC. Therefore, is paramount importance develop validate that can employed prediction, prognosis its therapeutic response, although this effort hampered challenges pertaining non-specific nature majority manifestations in spectrum, small sample sizes relevant studies other methodological issues. Promising candidate found some patients markers systemic inflammation, acute phase proteins, cytokines chemokines; reflecting persistence, herpesviruses endotheliopathy, coagulation fibrinolysis; microbiota alterations; diverse proteins metabolites; biomarkers; cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. At present, there only two reviews summarizing they do cover entire umbrella current biomarkers, their link etiopathogenetic mechanisms or diagnostic work-up comprehensive manner. Herein, we aim appraise synopsize available evidence on typical classification based pathogenetic main symptomatology frame epidemiological aspects syndrome furthermore assess limitations as well potential implications interventions.

Language: Английский

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Integration of metabolomics methodologies for the development of predictive models for mortality risk in elderly patients with severe COVID-19

BMC Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: Jan. 2, 2025

The rapid evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent global immunization efforts have rendered early metabolomics studies potentially outdated, as they primarily involved non-exposed, non-vaccinated populations. This paper presents a predictive model developed from up-to-date data integrated with clinical to estimate mortality risk in critically ill patients. Our study addresses critical gap current research by utilizing patient samples, providing fresh insights into pathophysiology disease partially immunized population. One hundred elderly patients severe infection, including 46 survivors 54 non-survivors, were recruited January-February 2023 at Second Hospital affiliated Harbin Medical University. A within 24 h admission was using blood data. Differential metabolite analysis other techniques used identify relevant characteristics. Model performance assessed comparing area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). final prediction externally validated cohort 50 First University during same period. Significant disparities laboratory parameters noted between individuals who survived those did not. indicator, Itaconic acid, four tests (LYM, IL-6, PCT, CRP), identified five variables all models. external validation set demonstrated that KNN exhibited highest AUC 0.952 among When considering 50% threshold, displayed sensitivity 0.963 specificity 0.957. prognostic outcome is significantly influenced levels LYM, CRP upon admission. These indicators can be utilized assess affected individuals.

Language: Английский

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Fingerprinting and profiling in metabolomics of biosamples

Progress in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 138-139, P. 105 - 135

Published: Oct. 18, 2023

Language: Английский

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Accurate Prediction of 1H NMR Chemical Shifts of Small Molecules Using Machine Learning

Metabolites, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(5), P. 290 - 290

Published: May 19, 2024

NMR is widely considered the gold standard for organic compound structure determination. As such, routinely used in identification, drug metabolite characterization, natural product discovery, and deconvolution of mixtures biofluids (metabolomics exposomics). In many cases, identification by achieved matching measured spectra to experimentally collected spectral reference libraries. Unfortunately, number available experimental spectra, especially metabolomics, medical diagnostics, or drug-related studies, quite small. This gap could be filled predicting chemical shifts known compounds using computational methods such as machine learning (ML). Here, we describe how a deep algorithm that trained on high-quality, “solvent-aware” dataset can predict 1H more accurately than any other method. The new program, called PROSPRE (PROton Shift PREdictor) (mean absolute error <0.10 ppm) water (at neutral pH), chloroform, dimethyl sulfoxide, methanol from user-submitted structure. (pronounced “prosper”) has also been >600,000 molecules popular metabolomic, drug, databases.

Language: Английский

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Advancing personalized medicine: Integrating statistical algorithms with omics and nano-omics for enhanced diagnostic accuracy and treatment efficacy

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 1870(7), P. 167339 - 167339

Published: Oct. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Amino acids, post-translational modifications, nitric oxide, and oxidative stress in serum and urine of long COVID and ex COVID human subjects

Amino Acids, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 55(9), P. 1173 - 1188

Published: July 29, 2023

Abstract In this study, we investigated the status of amino acids, their post-translational modifications (PTM), major nitric oxide (NO) metabolites and malondialdehyde (MDA) as a biomarker oxidative stress in serum urine samples long COVID (LoCo, n = 124) ex (ExCo, 24) human subjects collected 2022. Amino acids were measured by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) methods using stable-isotope labelled analogs internal standards. There no differences with respect to circulating excretory arginine asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). LoCo participants excreted higher amounts guanidino acetate than ExCo (17.8 ± 10.4 µM/mM vs. 12.6 8.86 µM/mM, P 0.005). By contrast, lower advanced glycation end-product (AGE) N G -carboxyethylarginine (CEA) did (0.675 0.781 1.16 2.04 0.0326). The concentrations MDA not differ between groups, indicating elevated or ExCo. concentration nitrite was compared (1.96 0.92 µM 2.56 1.08 µM; AUC, 0.718), suggesting altered NO synthesis endothelium. correlated inversely symptom anxiety ( r − 0.293, 0.0003). creatinine-corrected urinary excretion Lys its metabolite L-5-hydroxy-Lys positively toes 0.306, 0.00027) sore throat 0.302, Our results suggest that acid metabolism, PTM are severely affected COVID. may have reservoir

Language: Английский

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Metabolomic and lipoproteomic differences and similarities between COVID-19 and other types of pneumonia

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: March 3, 2025

COVID-19 infection has revealed significant effects on the human blood metabolome and lipoproteome, which have been coherently observed in different cohorts worldwide across various waves of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. As one main clinical manifestations is a severe acute respiratory illness, it pertinent to explore whether this metabolic/lipoproteomic disturbance associated with symptoms. To purpose we are here reporting comparative1H NMR analyses plasma 252 patients non-COVID-19 interstitial (24 individuals) or lobar (21 pneumonia, all matched by age, gender disease severity. The analysis based 24 metabolites 114 lipoprotein parameters. Several common traits among three groups, albeit some peculiar features characteristic each group. differences were between cases others.

Language: Английский

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Unveiling the metabolomic profile of growth hormone deficiency children using NMR spectroscopy

Metabolomics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: Feb. 7, 2025

Abstract Introduction The diagnosis of Growth Hormone Deficiency (GHD) during childhood has been the subject much controversy over last few years. Aiming to accurate medical treatment, there is a need for biomarker discovery. Objective To characterize metabolic profile GHD children, examine effect GH administration on signature, and investigate correlations between metabolites IGF-1. Methods Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)-based untargeted targeted metabolomic approach applied study profiles children with GHD. Plasma, serum, urine samples were collected from twenty-two diagnosed forty-eight age matched controls Pediatric Endocrinology Unit University Hospital Patras. Experimental data examined by both multivariate univariate statistical analysis. Results results this pilot revealed different fingerprint in comparison age-matched healthy individuals. However, detected alterations metabolite patterns before after treatment subtle minor discriminative power. Conclusions This provides evidence that metabolome plays pivotal role GHD, but large-scale multicenter studies are warranted validate results.

Language: Английский

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Metabolomics Profiling Reveals Critical Roles of Indoxyl Sulfate in the Regulation of Innate Monocytes in COVID-19

Cells, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 256 - 256

Published: Feb. 11, 2025

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is intricately related to the reprogramming of host metabolism. However, existing studies have mainly focused on peripheral blood samples and barely identified specific metabolites that are critically involved in pathology disease 2019 (COVID-19). In current small-scale study, we performed metabolic profiling plasma (n = 61) paired bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) 20) using parallel two-dimensional liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (2DLC-MS). addition, studied how an metabolite regulates immunopathogenesis COVID-19. results unveiled distinct metabolome changes between healthy donors, moderate patients both BALF, indicating locations severity play critical roles COVID-19 alteration. Notably, a vital metabolite, indoxyl sulfate, was found be elevated BALF patients. Indoxyl sulfate selectively induced TNF-α production, reduced co-stimulatory signals, enhanced apoptosis human monocytes. Moreover, its levels negatively correlated with strength signals antigen presentation capability monocytes Collectively, our findings suggest could potentially serve as functional biomarker monitor progression guide more individualized treatment for

Language: Английский

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Comparative metabolomic analysis reveals shared and unique features of COVID-19 cytokine storm and surgical sepsis

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Feb. 24, 2025

The clinical manifestations of the cytokine storm (CS) associated with COVID-19 resemble acute phase sepsis. Metabolomics may contribute to understanding specific pathobiology these two syndromes. aim this study was compare serum metabolomic profiles in CS vs. septic surgery patients. In a retrospective cross-sectional study, samples from patients COVID-19, and without comorbidity, as well surgical sepsis were investigated. Targeted analysis performed on all using LC–MS/MS. Analysis revealed that similar alterations metabolome amino acid metabolism, nitrogen inflammatory status, methionine cycle glycolysis. most significant difference found for levels metabolites kynurenine synthesis, tricarboxylic cycle, gamma-aminobutyric niacinamide. metabolic pathway cysteine metabolism significantly disturbed For first time, similarities differences between investigated Northwest Russian Federation.

Language: Английский

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