<p>Reactive Oxygen Species: Drivers of Physiological and Pathological Processes</p>

Journal of Inflammation Research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: Volume 13, P. 1057 - 1073

Published: Dec. 1, 2020

Abstract: Since the Great Oxidation Event, about 2.4 billion years ago, Earth is immersed in an oxidizing atmosphere. Thus, it has been proposed that excess oxygen, originally a waste product of photosynthetic cyanobacteria, induced oxidative stress and production reactive oxygen species (ROS), which have since acted as fundamental drivers biologic evolution eukaryogenesis. Indeed, throughout organism's lifespan, ROS affect directly (as mutagens) or indirectly messengers regulators) all structural functional components cells, many aspects cell biology. Whether left unchecked by protective antioxidant systems, not only cause genomic mutations but also induce irreversible modification proteins (protein oxidation peroxidation), lipids glycans (advanced lipoxidation glycation end products), impairing their function promoting disease death. Conversely, low-level local play important role both redox-signaling molecules wide spectrum pathways involved maintenance cellular homeostasis (MAPK/ERK, PTK/PTP, PI3K-AKT-mTOR), regulating key transcription factors (NFκB/IκB, Nrf2/KEAP1, AP-1, p53, HIF-1). Consequently, can shape variety functions, including proliferation, differentiation, migration apoptosis. In this review, we will give brief overview relevance physiological pathological processes, particularly inflammation aging. In-depth knowledge molecular mechanisms actuation influence under steady-state stressful conditions pave way for development novel therapeutic interventions. This mitigate harmful outcomes onset progression chronic inflammatory age-related diseases. Keywords: species, stress,

Language: Английский

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Diverse Roles of Mitochondria in Immune Responses: Novel Insights Into Immuno-Metabolism

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: July 12, 2018

Lack of immune system cells or impairment in differentiation is the basis for many chronic diseases. Metabolic changes could be root cause this cell impairment. These a result altered transcription, cytokine production from surrounding cells, and metabolic pathways. Immunity mitochondria are interlinked with each other. An important feature it can regulate activation, differentiation, survival cells. In addition, also release signals such as mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) ROS (mtROS) to transcription From current literature, we found that immunity different ways. First, alterations pathways (TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, FAO) induced transcriptional lead entirely outcomes For example, M1 macrophages exhibit broken TCA cycle have pro-inflammatory role. By contrast, M2 undergo β-oxidation produce anti-inflammatory responses. amino acid metabolism, especially arginine, glutamine, serine, glycine, tryptophan, critical T macrophage polarization. Second, activate inflammatory response. instance, antiviral signaling NLRP3 activated by mitochondria. Third, mass mobility influenced fission fusion. Fission fusion influence functions. Finally, placed near endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Therefore, ER junction metabolism. Mitochondrial machinery pathways, antioxidant systems, dynamics, mtDNA, mitophagy, mtROS crucial Here, demonstrated how coordinate alter responses contribute A better understanding molecular components necessary. This help development safe effective therapy prevention review, presented an updated prospective drives various

Language: Английский

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Redox regulation of immunometabolism

Nature reviews. Immunology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(6), P. 363 - 381

Published: Dec. 18, 2020

Language: Английский

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Plants’ Physio-Biochemical and Phyto-Hormonal Responses to Alleviate the Adverse Effects of Drought Stress: A Comprehensive Review

Plants, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(13), P. 1620 - 1620

Published: June 21, 2022

Water, a necessary component of cell protoplasm, plays an essential role in supporting life on Earth; nevertheless, extreme changes climatic conditions limit water availability, causing numerous issues, such as the current water-scarce regimes many regions biome. This review aims to collect data from various published studies literature understand and critically analyze plants’ morphological, growth, yield, physio-biochemical responses drought stress their potential modulate nullify damaging effects via activating natural physiological biochemical mechanisms. In addition, described breakthroughs understanding how plant hormones influence phytohormonal interaction through signaling under regimes. The information for this was systematically gathered different global search engines scientific databases Science Direct, including Google Scholar, Web Science, related studies, books, articles. Drought is significant obstacle meeting food demand world’s constantly growing population. Plants cope with cellular osmotic potential, activation defense systems form antioxidant enzymes accumulation osmolytes proteins, proline, glycine betaine, phenolic compounds, soluble sugars. Phytohormones developmental processes networks, which aid acclimating plants biotic abiotic challenges and, consequently, survival. Significant progress has been made jasmonates, salicylic acid, ethylene identifying important components roles stress. Other hormones, abscisic auxin, gibberellic brassinosteroids, peptide have linked pathways ways.

Language: Английский

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Regulation of inflammation by the antioxidant haem oxygenase 1

Nature reviews. Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 21(7), P. 411 - 425

Published: Jan. 29, 2021

Language: Английский

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An Activity-Guided Map of Electrophile-Cysteine Interactions in Primary Human T Cells

Cell, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 182(4), P. 1009 - 1026.e29

Published: July 29, 2020

Language: Английский

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Metabolic and epigenetic regulation of T-cell exhaustion

Nature Metabolism, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 2(10), P. 1001 - 1012

Published: Sept. 21, 2020

Language: Английский

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Redox regulation of the immune response

Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(10), P. 1079 - 1101

Published: Sept. 2, 2022

Abstract The immune-inflammatory response is associated with increased nitro-oxidative stress. aim of this mechanistic review to examine: (a) the role redox-sensitive transcription factors and enzymes, ROS/RNS production, activity cellular antioxidants in activation performance macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, T-cells, B-cells, natural killer cells; (b) involvement high-density lipoprotein (HDL), apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), paraoxonase-1 (PON1), oxidized phospholipids regulating immune response; (c) detrimental effects hypernitrosylation chronic stress on response. redox changes during responses are orchestrated by actions nuclear factor-κB, HIF1α, target rapamycin, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinases, 5' AMP-activated kinase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor. survival individual cells under control depends intracellular extracellular levels ROS/RNS. They heavily influenced including glutathione thioredoxin systems, factor erythroid 2-related 2, HDL/ApoA1/PON1 complex. Chronic inhibit those antioxidant tricarboxylic acid cycle, mitochondrial functions, metabolism cells. In conclusion, redox-associated mechanisms modulate metabolic reprogramming macrophage T helper cell polarization, phagocytosis, production pro- versus anti-inflammatory cytokines, training tolerance, chemotaxis, pathogen sensing, antiviral antibacterial effects, Toll-like receptor activity, endotoxin tolerance.

Language: Английский

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Biochemical basis and metabolic interplay of redox regulation

Redox Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 26, P. 101284 - 101284

Published: Aug. 2, 2019

Accumulated evidence strongly indicates that oxidative stress, characterized by an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidants in favor of oxidants, plays important role disease pathogenesis. However, ROS can act as signaling molecules fulfill essential physiological functions at basal levels. Each would be different the extent to stimulate contribute pathophysiological effects. Importantly, multiple generators activated either concomitantly or sequentially relevant for redox biological functions. Here, we summarized current knowledge related chemical biochemical features primary corresponding antioxidants. Metabolic pathways five major clearance systems were described, including their products, specific enriched tissue, cell organelle, functional implications. We provided overview generation induction levels metabolism. classified 11 into three types based on reactivity target selectivity presented homeostasis implications pathological status. This article intensively reviewed refined basis, metabolic regulation, insights, guidance identification novel therapeutic targets.

Language: Английский

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Targeting metabolism to regulate immune responses in autoimmunity and cancer

Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 18(9), P. 669 - 688

Published: July 30, 2019

Language: Английский

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