Stress and Health,
Journal Year:
2011,
Volume and Issue:
28(1), P. 51 - 60
Published: May 17, 2011
Ambulance
workers
are
exposed
to
critical
incidents
that
may
evoke
intense
distress
and
can
result
in
long-term
impairment.
Individuals
who
regulate
experience
briefer
post-incident
fewer
emotional
difficulties.
Attachment
research
has
contributed
our
understanding
of
individual
differences
stress
regulation,
suggesting
secure
attachment
is
associated
with
effective
support-seeking
coping
strategies,
We
tested
the
effect
insecurity
on
ambulance
workers,
hypothesizing
(1)
insecure
symptoms
current
(2)
prolonged
recovery
from
acute
post-critical
incident
distress,
strategies
supportive
contact
mediate
this
relationship.
measured
insecurity,
social
following
an
index
(3)
post-traumatic
stress,
depression,
somatization
burnout
hypothesized
associations.
Fearful-avoidant
was
all
symptoms,
most
strongly
depression
(R=0.38,
p<0.001).
also
maladaptive
coping,
reduced
support
slower
withdrawal
physical
arousal
incident,
but
these
processes
did
not
relationship
between
symptoms.
These
findings
relevant
for
optimizing
workers.
Journal of Traumatic Stress,
Journal Year:
2014,
Volume and Issue:
27(6), P. 680 - 688
Published: Dec. 1, 2014
Many
studies
report
elevated
prevalence
of
posttraumatic
stress
disorder
(PTSD)
and
depression
among
persons
exposed
to
the
September
11,
2001
(9/11)
disaster
compared
those
unexposed;
few
have
evaluated
long‐term
PTSD
with
comorbid
depression.
We
examined
risk
factors
for
probable
PTSD,
depression,
both
conditions
10–11
years
post‐9/11
29,486
World
Trade
Center
Health
Registry
enrollees
who
completed
surveys
at
Wave
1
(2003–2004),
2
(2006–2007),
3
(2011–2012).
Enrollees
reporting
physician
diagnosed
pre‐9/11
or
were
excluded.
was
defined
as
scoring
≥
44
on
Checklist
10
8‐item
Patient
Questionnaire.
4
groups:
only,
neither.
Among
enrollees,
15.2%
reported
symptoms
indicative
3,
14.9%
10.1%
both.
Comorbid
associated
high
9/11
exposures,
low
social
integration,
health‐related
unemployment,
experiencing
traumatic
life
event
post‐9/11.
experienced
poorer
outcomes
all
PTSD‐related
impairment
measures,
satisfaction,
overall
health,
unmet
mental
health
care
need
only
a
single
condition.
These
findings
highlight
importance
ongoing
screening
treatment
conditions,
particularly
comorbidity.
Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
11(4), P. 451 - 458
Published: July 2, 2018
Objective-Comorbidity
is
the
rule
and
not
exception
among
veterans
with
posttraumatic
stress
disorder
(PTSD).Examining
comorbidities
in
a
veteran
population
allows
us
to
better
understand
veterans'
symptoms
recognize
when
mental
health
treatment
may
need
be
tailored
other
co-occurring
issues.This
paper
evaluates
comorbid
mood
anxiety
disorders
PTSD
symptom
severity
large
sample
of
from
multiple
eras
service,
including
recent
wars
Iraq
Afghanistan.Method-The
current
study
used
data
who
sought
for
at
VA
Clinical
Team
2005
2013.Veterans
were
assessed
PTSD,
mood,
using
structured
clinical
interview
completed
self-report
measures
as
part
clinic
intake
procedure.A
total
2460
evaluated,
867
met
diagnostic
criteria
PTSD.Results-Veterans
significantly
more
likely
than
those
without
diagnosed
social
obsessive-compulsive
disorder,
but
less
depression.In
addition,
had
least
one
diagnosis
addition
reported
higher
alone.PTSD
also
varied
by
era
service.Conclusion-These
results
suggest
that
seeking
associated
greater
symptoms.Future
work
needed
determine
impact
specific
on
trauma-focused
outcomes.
PLoS ONE,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
13(9), P. e0203943 - e0203943
Published: Sept. 27, 2018
The
aim
of
this
study
was
to
evaluate
outcomes
an
equine-assisted
therapy
program
for
Defence
Force
veterans
and
their
partners
across
the
psychological
domains
depression,
anxiety,
stress,
posttraumatic
happiness,
quality
life,
as
well
compare
Individual
Couples
program.
A
non-controlled,
within-subjects
longitudinal
design
utilized
with
assessment
at
three
time
points
(pre-intervention,
post-intervention,
months
follow-up).
Between-subjects
analysis
two
groups
also
conducted
programs.
Participants
were
recruited
from
ten
programs
in
2016
a
total
47
both
(n
=
25;
only)
22).
Outcome
measures
included
Depression
Anxiety
Stress
Scale-21,
Posttraumatic
Disorder
Checklist
DSM-5,
Oxford
Happiness
Questionnaire,
Quality-of-Life
Enjoyment
Satisfaction
Questionnaire-Short
Form.
Paired
samples
t-tests
revealed
that
within
programs,
there
significantly
fewer
symptoms
greater
levels
happiness
life
post-intervention
compared
pre-intervention.
Reduced
maintained
follow-up
participants
only.
Independent
reported
less
stress
disorder
(PTSD)
These
results
indicate
may
only
be
meaningful
benefits
reduction
PTSD
veterans,
if
are
integrated
into
intervention.
JAMA Network Open,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
3(12), P. e2027935 - e2027935
Published: Dec. 4, 2020
Importance
Consistent
evidence
has
found
associations
between
posttraumatic
stress
disorder
(PTSD)
and
increased
risk
of
chronic
disease
greater
prevalence
health
factors.
However,
the
association
PTSD
all-cause
mortality
not
been
thoroughly
investigated
in
civilians.
Objective
To
investigate
symptoms,
with
or
without
comorbid
depressive
death.
Design,
Setting,
Participants
This
prospective
cohort
study
was
conducted
using
data
on
female
US
nurses
Nurses'
Health
Study
II
followed
up
from
2008
to
2017.
Women
who
responded
a
questionnaire
querying
symptoms
were
included.
Data
analyzed
September
2018
November
2020.
Exposures
Symptoms
PTSD,
measured
short
screening
scale
forDiagnostic
Statistical
Manual
Mental
Disorders(Fourth
Edition)
depression
Center
for
Epidemiologic
Studies
Depression
Scale–10
2008.
Main
Outcomes
Measures
All-cause
determined
via
National
Death
Index,
Postal
Service,
report
participant's
family.
The
hypothesis
being
tested
formulated
after
collection.
Trauma
exposure
jointly
coded
as
no
trauma
(reference),
1
3
(subclinical),
4
5
(moderate),
6
7
(high).
Results
Among
51
602
women
(50
137
[97.2%]
White
individuals),
mean
(range)
age
53.3
(43-64)
years
at
baseline
probable
comorbid;
4019
high
2093
(52.1%)
had
depression,
while
10
105
exposure,
1215
(12.0%)
depression.
nearly
4-fold
death
compared
(hazard
ratio
[HR],
3.80;
95%
CI,
2.65-5.45;P
<
.001).
After
adjustment
factors,
these
conditions
more
than
3-fold
(HR,
3.11;
2.16-4.47,P
subclinical
1.43;
1.06-1.93;P
=
.02).
7565
109
deaths
(1.4%)
occurred
which
we
obtained
cause
information,
124
such
(0.6%
)
among
22
215
symptoms.
higher
rates
cardiovascular
(17
[0.22%]
vs
11
[0.05%];P
.001),
diabetes
(4
[0.05%]
0
women;P
unintentional
injury
(7
[0.09%]
[0.03%];P
.03),
suicide
(9
[0.12%]
woman
[<0.01%];P
other
causes
(14
[0.19%]
17
[0.08%];P
.01).
Conclusions
Relevance
These
findings
suggest
that
midlife,
co-occurring
are
disorders.
Treatment
both
disorders
efforts
improve
their
behaviors
may
reduce
mortality.
Depression and Anxiety,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
38(5), P. 554 - 562
Published: Nov. 15, 2020
Background
In
recent
years,
a
new
framework
for
analyzing
and
understanding
posttraumatic
stress
disorder
(PTSD)
was
introduced;
the
network
approach.
Up
until
now,
analysis
studies
of
PTSD
were
largely
conducted
on
small
to
medium
sample
sizes
(N
<
1,000),
which
might
be
possible
cause
variability
in
main
findings.
Moreover,
only
limited
number
investigated
comorbidity.
Methods
this
study,
we
utilized
large
conduct
17
symptoms
(DSM-IV),
compared
it
result
second
consisting
depression
(based
Patient
Health
Questionnaire-9
[PHQ-9]).
Our
consisted
502,036
treatment-seeking
veterans,
out
158,139
had
fully
completed
assessment
subsample
32,841
with
valid
PCL
PHQ-9
that
administered
within
14
days
or
less.
Results
Analyses
found
network,
most
central
feeling
distant
cut
off
from
others,
followed
by
very
upset
when
reminded
event,
repeated
disturbing
memories
thoughts
event.
combined
concentration
difficulties
anhedonia
are
two
five
symptoms.
Conclusion
findings
replicate
centrality
intrusion
symptoms'
network.
Taking
into
account
high
stability
structure,
believe
our
study
can
answer
some
criticism
regarding
cross-sectional
structures.
Journal of Psychiatric Research,
Journal Year:
2010,
Volume and Issue:
45(6), P. 713 - 719
Published: Dec. 25, 2010
Few
prospective
studies
on
pre-trauma
predictors
for
subsequent
development
of
posttraumatic
stress
disorder
(PTSD)
have
been
conducted.
In
this
study
we
prospectively
investigated
whether
pre-deployment
personality
and
the
cortisol
awakening
response
(CAR)
predicted
PTSD
symptoms
in
to
military
deployment.
Furthermore,
hypothesized
that
potential
effects
age,
childhood
trauma
previous
deployment
were
mediated
via
personality,
CAR
symptoms.
Path
analysis
was
performed
data
from
470
male
soldiers
collected
before
six
months
after
a
4-month
Afghanistan.
Before
deployment,
assessed
with
short-form
Temperament-Character
Inventory
Cook-Medley
Hostility
scale.
addition,
saliva
sampling
assessment
immediately
15,
30
60min
thereafter.
Pre-deployment
high
hostility
low
self-directedness
represented
intrinsic
vulnerabilities
The
did
not
predict
low-to-moderate
associated
As
hypothesized,
age
However,
number
deployments
related
total
model
explained
24%
variance
