A Qualitative Study of Goal-Striving in Adolescents with ADHD DOI Creative Commons
Mahsa Sadeghi, Janice Aurini, Tara McAuley

et al.

Canadian Journal of School Psychology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 21, 2025

Setting and attaining goals is linked to many positive outcomes for youth, but not all youth are successful in goal pursuit–particularly the context of having ADHD. Repeated ‘failure’ tends increase engagement health-risk behaviors often has deleterious implications future educational vocational endeavors (e.g., higher rate school drop-out, chronic underemployment). This study had two objectives: first, identify similarities differences setting pursuit with ADHD ( n = 10; M age 14.6 years; SD 1.3) typically developing (n 20; 15.6 second, compare striving both groups adolescents that their emerging adult peers 22; 19.77 1.3). Semi-structured interviews were conducted iterative thematic analysis was utilized themes. Themes shared across highlighted reasons for, resources toward, stressors associated pursuit. Compared other groups, however, applied more effort allocated strategies even when high interest hobbies), rated academic as less interesting successfully attained, endorsed using fewer executive functions planning, organizing) during pursuit, did link immediate ambitions. Our qualitative provides a voice regarding experience goal-striving offers perspective clinicians, caregivers, educators consider working who have this relatively common neurodevelopmental disorder.

Language: Английский

Current virtual reality-based rehabilitation interventions in neuro-developmental disorders at developmental ages DOI Creative Commons
Micaela Capobianco, Concetto Puzzo, Matteo Carandini

et al.

Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

This mini-review examines the available papers about virtual reality (VR) as a tool for diagnosis or therapy of neurodevelopmental disorders, focusing on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Autism Spectrum (ASD), and Specific Learning Disorders (SLD). Through search literature, we selected 62 studies published between 1998 2024. After exclusion criteria, our synoptic table includes 32 ADHD (17 were diagnostic evaluation 15 therapeutic interventions), 2 pure ASD, SLD. These cover total 8,139 participants with (ages 3-19), 458 ASD 4-19), 162 SLD 7-11). Results show that VR offers high ecological validity enables improvements in cognitive social skills. Specifically, individuals ADHD, showed benefits attention executive function, optimal results when combined pharmacological treatments. For kids, proved effective enhancing skills emotional regulation through personalized scenarios. However, literature remains limited, suggesting an evolving area research. Despite limitations related to small sample sizes technology costs, presents promising outlook clinical intervention neuro-developmental supporting enhanced safe controlled environment. We conclude both immersive non-immersive represents valuable supplement traditional therapies, allowing approaches.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults: Umbrella review of evidence generated across the globe DOI Creative Commons
Getinet Ayano,

Light Tsegay,

Yitbarek Gizachew

et al.

Psychiatry Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 328, P. 115449 - 115449

Published: Sept. 9, 2023

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a class of neurodevelopmental disorders which commonly diagnosed in school-age children, but it can occur any age group. To provide robust synthesis published evidence on the prevalence ADHD adults, we conducted an umbrella review systematic reviews and meta-analyses.The was guided by preferred reporting items for meta-analysis (PRISMA). We searched PsychINFO, Web Science, PubMed, Scopus to retrieve pertinent studies. The protocol registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023389704). A Measurement Tool Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) used assess quality included random-effects model perform meta-analysis.Five meta-analyses (57 unique primary studies) data 21,142,129 adult participants were eligible inclusion this review. Inverse variance weighted random effect these studies indicated that pooled adults 3.10% (95%CI 2.60-3.60%). ADHD-I (the inattentive type ADHD) remained commonest ADHD, followed ADHD-HI hyperactive type) ADHD-C combined type).The results indicate relatively high remaining most common subtype. should be given preventing, reducing, identifying, managing adults.

Language: Английский

Citations

34
Atypical functional connectome is associated with low reflective functioning in incarcerated adolescents DOI Creative Commons
Mélodie Derome, Larisa Morosan, Patrick Heller

et al.

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Jan. 10, 2025

While functional neuroimaging studies have reported on the neural correlates of severe antisocial behaviors, such as delinquency, little is known about whole brain resting state connectivity (FC) incarcerated adolescents (IA). The aim present study to identify potential differences in between a group male IA, compared community (CA). second objective investigate relations among FC and psychological factors associated with delinquent namely psychopathic traits (callous unemotional traits, interpersonal problems, impulsivity), socio-cognitive (empathy reflective functioning RF) impairments problems (externalizing, internalizing, attention thought problems). 31 IA 30 CA participated 8 minutes MRI. Network Based Statistics (NBS) was used compare 142 regions two groups. Correlation regressions analysis were performed explore associations self-reported empathy, RF, problems. Compared CA, presented significantly increased distributed subnetwork including medial prefrontal, posterior dorsal cingulate, temporal, occipital regions. Both within across sample, mean correlated lower RF (RF uncertainty). Across higher scores externalizing impulsivity dimension psychopathy. extending characterization our results also provide insights into neurofunctional mechanisms linking low abilities behavior during adolescence.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Prevalence of Undiagnosed Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder DOI Creative Commons

Carissa Du,

Daniel Zongliang Zhao,

Latha Ganti

et al.

Health psychology research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Jan. 16, 2025

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Primary pharmacologic interventions include stimulants non-stimulants. Diagnosing ADHD typically more difficult in women due to range of different symptoms between the sexes. Although has had advocacy recently, misdiagnoses are still common, resulting being mistaken for other disorders. This study aims decipher prevalence undiagnosed ADHD. A web-based survey was administered, comprising questionnaire derived from Adult Self-Report Scale (ASRS-V1.1), two additional questions formulated determine whether individual initially diagnosed with they take medications it. The split into parts where part determines B further probes specific symptoms. Amongst cohort 200, percentage 14%. 61% were women, while 39% men. first on ASRS-V1.1, pertaining task completion, most statistically significant results. increased last twenty years, our found that 14% layperson It appears prevalent compared

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Trajectories of attention problems in autistic children and relations to social skills outcomes DOI Creative Commons

Annie Richard,

Eric Duku, Teresa Bennett

et al.

Development and Psychopathology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 14

Published: Feb. 13, 2025

Abstract Co-occurring autism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been associated with poorer social skills. Most studies examining the association of ADHD symptoms skills in employ categorical cross-sectional designs, which provide a narrow view development symptoms. Using group-based trajectory modeling, we identified five trajectories caregiver-reported attention problems an inception cohort autistic children ( N = 393) followed from age 2–5 years (T1) to 10.5–11 (T8): Low-Stable (LS; 15.5% participants), Low-Decreasing (LD; 25.2%), Low-Increasing (LI; 19.2%), Moderate-Decreasing (MD; 32.9%), High-Stable (HS; 7.2%). Child FSIQ caregiver at baseline were lower depression was higher for participants MD group than LS group. Psychotropic medication use problems. The HS groups had similar mean Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Second Edition (VABS-II) Socialization standard scores T8, other groups. LI Results support that decline is common but not universal even moderate/subclinical may relate outcomes autism.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Prevalence and Incidence of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Denmark. A National Register‐Based Open Cohort Study DOI Creative Commons
Simon Grøntved, Kathrine Hald, Christina Mohr Jensen

et al.

Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 27, 2025

Rises in prevalence and incidence of the neurodevelopmental disorder Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have been reported globally estimated Denmark previously. Nevertheless, differences methodology hinder an assessment temporal evolution ADHD based on published literature. The aim this study was to consistently calculate yearly proportions use medication from 2000 2022. We conducted open cohort using register data covering entire Danish population. defined as either having a hospital diagnosis (ICD-10: F90.0, F90.1, F90.8, or F98.8), redeemed prescription for medication. Of included 7,748,837 persons, 2.52% had ADHD, whom 58.33% were males. has increased 0.10% 3.03% Specifically 18-27-year-olds, 8.16% males 6.12% females year For incidence, same age group peaked within 2022 at 1.10%, whereas male highest 6-18-year-olds, peaking 0.94%. Total population also increased. Methylphenidate used by 97.58% medicated patients 70.60% Lisdexamphetamine second most common 2022, where 24.03% prescription. Incidence calculated specifically may not be directly generalizable other countries. throughout past two decades. main contribution increase is females, especially young recent years 2020-2022. drug prescribed, though lisdexamphetamine years.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Add-On Bifidobacterium Bifidum Supplement in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A 12-Week Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial DOI Open Access
Liang‐Jen Wang, Ching‐Shu Tsai,

Wen‐Jiun Chou

et al.

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(14), P. 2260 - 2260

Published: July 13, 2024

We conducted a 12-week randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial to investigate the potential impact of Bifidobacterium bifidum (Bf-688) supplementation on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Children with ADHD who were already receiving stable dose methylphenidate (MPH) treatment enrolled and randomly assigned two groups: one add-on Bf-688 (daily bacterial count 5 × 109 CFUs) (n = 51) other placebo 51). All participants underwent assessments using Conners’ Continuous Performance Test (CPT) Auditory Attention (CATA). Additionally, fecal samples collected at beginning (week 0) endpoint 12). Remarkably, group supplementation, but not group, exhibited significant improvements in omission errors CPT as well Hit reaction time both CATA. Gut microbiome analysis revealed increase Firmicutes Bacteroidetes ratio (F/B ratio) only group. Furthermore, we identified negative correlations between N-Glycan biosynthesis Our results demonstrate that probiotic supplement can enhance neuropsychological performance children ADHD, possibly by altering composition gut microbiota, ultimately leading reduced biosynthesis.

Language: Английский

Citations

6
Umbrella Review of the Global Prevalence of Conduct Disorder in Children and Adolescents DOI
Getinet Ayano,

Mebratu Abraha,

Light Tsegay

et al.

Psychiatric Quarterly, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 95(1), P. 173 - 183

Published: Nov. 14, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

14
Treatments and regulatory mechanisms of acoustic stimuli on mood disorders and neurological diseases DOI Creative Commons

Yi‐Kai Chen,

Julianne Sun,

Junxian Tao

et al.

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17

Published: Jan. 5, 2024

Acoustic stimuli such as music or ambient noise can significantly affect physiological and psychological health in humans. We here summarize positive effects of therapy premature infant distress regulation, performance enhancement, sleep quality control, treatment mental disorders. Specifically, exhibits promising on neurological disorders Alzheimer's disease (AD) Parkinson's (PD). also highlight regulatory mechanisms by which auditory intervention affects an organism, encompassing modulation immune responses, gene expression, neurotransmitter regulation neural circuitry. As a safe, cost-effective non-invasive intervention, offers substantial potential treating variety conditions.

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Individuals with Non-Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis DOI Creative Commons
Amanda J. Osborn,

Olivia Lange,

Rachel Roberts

et al.

Developmental Neuropsychology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 49(5), P. 191 - 206

Published: May 27, 2024

It is not yet understood whether, and to what extent, craniosynostosis impacts the development of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This PRISMA compliant PROSPERO pre-registered (ID: CRD42023458640) systematic review meta-analysis examines association single-suture, non-syndromic with ADHD inattention/hyperactivity symptoms. Data from 17 independent studies (

Language: Английский

Citations

4