The Epidemiology of Alzheimer’s Disease Modifiable Risk Factors and Prevention

The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer s Disease, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 9

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Mild Alzheimer’s disease is the leading cause of dementia, accounting for 50-70% cases. an irreversible neurodegenerative disease, which affects daily life activities and social functioning. As expectancy increases demographic ageing occurs, global prevalence expected to continue rise especially in developing countries, a costly burden disease. complex multifactorial disorder that determined by interaction genetic susceptibility environmental factors across course. Epidemiological studies have identified potential modifiable risk protective prevention. Moreover, considered start decades earlier before clinical symptoms occur, thus interventions targeting several non-demented elderly people even middle-aged population might prevent or delay onset. Here, we provide overview current epidemiological advances related factors, highlighting concept early

Language: Английский

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Promoting Successful Cognitive Aging: A Ten-Year Update

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 81(3), P. 871 - 920

Published: April 27, 2021

A decade has passed since we published a comprehensive review in this journal addressing the topic of promoting successful cognitive aging, making good time to take stock field. Because there have been limited large-scale, randomized controlled trials, especially following individuals from middle age late life, some experts questioned whether recommendations can be legitimately offered about reducing risk decline and dementia. Despite uncertainties, clinicians often need at least make provisional patients based on highest quality data available. Converging lines evidence epidemiological/cohort studies, animal/basic science human proof-of-concept intervention studies provide guidance, highlighting strategies for enhancing reserve preventing loss capacity. Many suggestions made 2010 supported by additional research. Importantly, is growing consensus among major health organizations mitigate promote healthy aging. Regular physical activity treatment cardiovascular factors all these organizations. Most also embraced cognitively stimulating activities, heart-healthy diet, smoking cessation, countering metabolic syndrome. Other behaviors like regular social engagement, limiting alcohol use, stress management, getting adequate sleep, avoiding anticholinergic medications, sensory deficits, protecting brain against toxic damage endorsed, although less consistently. In update, each offer practical advice behavior-change techniques help adopt brain-healthy behaviors.

Language: Английский

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The Stressful Personality: A Meta-Analytical Review of the Relation Between Personality and Stress

Personality and Social Psychology Review, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 27(2), P. 128 - 194

Published: July 8, 2022

The current study presented the first meta-analytic review on associations between Big Five personality traits and stress measured under different conceptualizations (stressor exposure, psychological physiological responses) using a total of 1,575 effect sizes drawn from 298 samples. Overall, neuroticism was found to be positively related stress, whereas extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness were negatively linked stress. When assessed tested, only neuroticism, conscientiousness stressor exposure. All significantly associated with perception, five showed weak null response. Further moderation analyses suggested that also contingent upon characteristics sample, design, measures. results supported important role in individual differences

Language: Английский

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Elevated dementia risk, cognitive decline, and hippocampal atrophy in multisite chronic pain

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 120(9)

Published: Feb. 21, 2023

Numerous studies have investigated the impacts of common types chronic pain (CP) on patients’ cognitive function and observed that CP was associated with later dementia. More recently, there is a growing recognition conditions frequently coexist at multiple body sites may bring more burdens overall health. However, whether how multisite (MCP) contributes to an increased risk dementia, compared single-site (SCP) pain-free (PF), largely unclear. In current study, utilizing UK Biobank cohort, we first dementia in individuals (n = 354,943) different numbers coexisting using Cox proportional hazards regression models. We then applied generalized additive models investigate MCP leads excessive deterioration participants’ 19,116) cognition brain structure. found were significantly higher risk, broader faster impairment, greater hippocampal atrophy than both PF those SCP. Moreover, detrimental effects volume aggravated along number sites. Mediation analyses further revealed decline fluid intelligence partially mediated by atrophy. Our results suggested interact biologically underlie MCP.

Language: Английский

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Association of Early-, Middle-, and Late-Life Depression With Incident Dementia in a Danish Cohort

JAMA Neurology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 80(9), P. 949 - 949

Published: July 24, 2023

Late-life depressive symptoms are associated with subsequent dementia diagnosis and may be an early symptom or response to preclinical disease. Evaluating associations early- middle-life depression will help clarify whether influences risk.

Language: Английский

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Inflammation in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): A Review of Potential Correlates of PTSD with a Neurological Perspective

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(2), P. 107 - 107

Published: Jan. 26, 2020

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a chronic condition characterized by symptoms of physiological and psychosocial burden. While growing research demonstrated signs inflammation in PTSD, specific biomarkers that may be representative PTSD such as the detailed neural correlates underlying inflammatory responses relation to trauma exposure are seldom discussed. Here, we review recent studies explored alterations key markers well neuroimaging-based further investigated within brain provide comprehensive summary literature with neurological perspective. A search was conducted on published from 2009 through 2019 PubMed Web Science. Fifty original articles were selected. Major findings included elevated levels serum proinflammatory cytokines individuals across various types, compared those without PTSD. Furthermore, altered associated structural functional regions responsible for regulation emotion, including amygdala, hippocampus, frontal cortex. Future utilize both central peripheral warranted elucidate pathway pathophysiology

Language: Английский

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Cell type-specific gene expression patterns associated with posttraumatic stress disorder in World Trade Center responders

Translational Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Jan. 15, 2019

Abstract Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a chronic resulting from severe trauma, has been linked to immunologic dysregulation. Gene expression profiling emerged as promising tool for understanding the pathophysiology of PTSD. However, date, all but one gene study was based on whole blood or unsorted peripheral mononuclear cell (PBMC), complex tissue consisting several populations cells. The objective this utilize RNA sequencing simultaneously profile four immune subpopulations (CD4T, CD8T, B cells, and monocytes) in 39 World Trade Center responders (20 with 19 without PTSD) determine which subsets play role transcriptomic changes found blood. Transcriptome-wide analyses identified cell-specific shared differentially expressed genes across types. FKBP5 PI4KAP1 were consistently upregulated Notably, REST SEPT4 , neurodegeneration, among top monocytes. Pathway sets involved mast activation regulation CD4T, interferon-beta production neutrophil-related These findings suggest that indicative dysregulation is common Furthermore, given notable differences between associated PTSD, results also indicate it may be valuable analyze different separately. Monocytes constitute key type target research

Language: Английский

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Metabolic Syndrome and cognitive decline in the elderly: A systematic review

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. e0194990 - e0194990

Published: March 26, 2018

Background Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) refers to a cluster of metabolic disturbances which is associated with increased risk for vascular and degenerative conditions in general population. Although the relationship between factors dementia undisputable, additional hazard cognitive decline older population concurrent disorders still waits be demonstrated. The present review aims analyze data on MetS elderly persons. Methods Database searches were performed Medline, ISI PsycINFO articles assessing performances subjects MetS. Results Of total 505 studies, 25 selected review. Risk selection biases was identified all studies. followed recognized diagnostic recommendations MetS, minor criteria modifications detected most them. Hyperglycemia consistently impaired individuals, but role onset showed heterogeneous results. Discussion Current available literature concerning impact cognition inconclusive based inconsistent evidence. Differential effects individual components age sample may have accounted divergent findings among articles, larger higher quality studies this field are needed.

Language: Английский

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Maladaptive autonomic regulation in PTSD accelerates physiological aging

Frontiers in Psychology, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 5

Published: Jan. 21, 2015

A core manifestation of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a disconnection between physiological state and psychological or behavioral processes necessary to adequately respond environmental demands. Patients with PTSD experience abnormal oscillations in autonomic states supporting either fight flight behaviors withdrawal, immobilization, dissociation without an intervening "calm" that would provide opportunities for positive social interactions. This defensive disposition adaptive dangerous life threatening situations, but the context every-day may lead significant psychosocial distress deteriorating relationships. The perpetuation these maladaptive responses contribute development comorbid mental health issues such as depression, loneliness, hostility further modify nature cardiovascular behavior internal external stressors. Over time, changes autonomic, endocrine, immune function health, which potently expressed brain dysfunction disease. In this theoretical review paper, we present overview literature on chronic effects PTSD. We discuss networks underlying efferent afferent contributions how disruption leads poor outcomes. Finally, treatment approaches based our model

Language: Английский

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Association of Stress-Related Disorders With Subsequent Neurodegenerative Diseases

JAMA Neurology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 77(6), P. 700 - 700

Published: March 9, 2020

Importance

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been associated with increased risk for dementia. Less is known, however, about other stress-related disorders and their associations neurodegenerative diseases.

Objective

To examine the association between

Design, Setting, Participants

This population-matched sibling cohort study was conducted in Sweden using data from nationwide health registers, including Swedish National Patient Register. Individuals who received first diagnosis of January 1, 1987, December 31, 2008, were identified. had a history diseases, conflicting or missing information, no on family links, aged 40 years younger at end excluded. compared general population matched design; they also siblings cohort. Follow-up commenced age 5 after disorders, whichever came later, until disease, death, emigration, follow-up (December 2013), occurred first. Data analyses performed November 2018 to April 2019.

Exposures

Diagnosis (PTSD, acute reaction, adjustment disorder, reactions).

Main Outcomes Measurements

Neurodegenerative diseases identified through Register classified as primary vascular. Alzheimer Parkinson amyotrophic lateral sclerosis evaluated separately. Cox proportional hazards regression models used estimate hazard ratios (HRs) 95% CIs controlling multiple confounders.

Results

The included 61 748 exposed individuals 595 335 unexposed individuals. A total 44 839 78 482 unaffected full analysis. median (interquartile range) start 47 (41-56) years, 24 323 (39.4%) male. 4.7 (2.1-9.8) years. Compared individuals, an (HR, 1.57; CI, 1.43-1.73). increase greater vascular 1.80; 1.40-2.31) than 1.31; 1.15-1.48). statistically significant found disease 1.36; 1.12-1.67) but not 1.20; 0.98-1.47) 0.74-1.96). Results corroborated results

Conclusions Relevance

showed relative strength this suggests potential cerebrovascular pathway.

Language: Английский

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