Recent Research Trends in Neuroinflammatory and Neurodegenerative Disorders

Cells, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 511 - 511

Published: March 14, 2024

Neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s (PD), traumatic brain injury (TBI) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are chronic major health disorders. The exact mechanism of the neuroimmune dysfunctions these pathogeneses is currently not clearly understood. These show dysregulated inflammatory responses, activation neurons, glial cells, neurovascular unit damage associated with excessive release proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, neurotoxic mediators, infiltration peripheral immune cells into brain, as well entry mediators through damaged endothelial blood–brain barrier tight junction proteins. Activation leads to many molecules that cause neuroinflammation neurodegeneration. Gulf War Illness (GWI) myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) also dysfunctions. Currently, there no effective disease-modifying therapeutic options available for diseases. Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived astrocytes, microglia, pericytes used models drug discovery. This review highlights certain recent trends in neuroinflammatory responses iPSC-derived applications

Language: Английский

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Serum GFAP levels correlate with astrocyte reactivity, post-mortem brain atrophy and neurofibrillary tangles

Brain, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 147(5), P. 1667 - 1679

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a proxy of astrocyte reactivity, has been proposed as biomarker Alzheimer's disease. However, there is limited information about the correlation between blood biomarkers and post-mortem neuropathology. In single-centre prospective clinicopathological cohort 139 dementia patients, for which time-frame GFAP level determination neuropathological assessment was exceptionally short (on average days), we analysed this biomarker, measured at three time points, in relation to proxies disease progression such cognitive decline brain weight. Most importantly, investigated use detect hallmarks disease, while accounting potential influences most frequent co-pathologies. The main findings demonstrated an association serum tau pathology (β = 12.85; P < 0.001) that independent amyloid deposits 13.23; 0.02). A mediation analysis provided additional support role astrocytic activation link Furthermore, negative observed pre-mortem weight (r -0.35; 0.001). This finding, together with evidence assessments -0.27; 0.005), supports monitoring, even late phases Moreover, diagnostic performance advanced patients explored, its discriminative power (area under receiver operator characteristic curve baseline 0.91) differentiating neuropathologically-confirmed dementias from non-Alzheimer's determined, despite challenging scenario age co-pathologies these patients. Independently levels were shown be associated two other pathologies targeting temporal lobes-hippocampal sclerosis 3.64; 0.03) argyrophilic grain -6.11; Finally, revealed correlated using GFAP-immunostained area (ρ 0.21; Our results contribute increasing suggesting offer mechanistic insights into relationship neuropathology, highlighting ties burden. data lesions provide clinicians consider when interpreting test results. longitudinal design reinforce robustness our findings. studies correlating are still scant, further research needed replicate validate diverse populations.

Language: Английский

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Sensitive detection of multiple blood biomarkers via immunomagnetic exosomal PCR for the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(13)

Published: March 27, 2024

Blood exosomes are emerging as potential biomarkers for diagnosing brain diseases such Alzheimer’s disease (AD). There is currently a lack of an ultrasensitive technology identifying core AD in blood to optimize the utility clinical practice. Here, immunomagnetic exosomal polymerase chain reaction (iMEP) platform was developed using DNA-conjugated antibodies rapid detection amyloid-β (Aβ 1–40 and Aβ 1–42 ) phosphorylated tau (p-tau 396,404 p-tau 181 exosomes. The toehold shift–mediated DNA affinity pulldown eliminates high background, which allows at concentrations down 10 femtograms per milliliter. With iMEP assay, more accurate differentiating patients with from healthy individuals compared , sensitivity 95.0% specificity 95.0%. technique also adept quantifying levels different associated pathogenesis.

Language: Английский

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Artemisinin Alleviates Astrocyte Overactivation and Neuroinflammation by Modulating the IRE1/NF-κB Signaling Pathway in In Vitro and In Vivo Alzheimer's Disease Models

Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 229, P. 96 - 110

Published: Jan. 16, 2025

Language: Английский

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Systematic review and analysis of human proteomics aging studies unveils a novel proteomic aging clock and identifies key processes that change with age

Ageing Research Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 60, P. 101070 - 101070

Published: April 18, 2020

Language: Английский

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