COVID-19 and Supply Chain Disruption Management: A Behavioural Economics Perspective and Future Research Direction

Journal of theoretical and applied electronic commerce research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 18(4), P. 2163 - 2187

Published: Nov. 29, 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has been one of the most severe disruptions to normal life, impacting how businesses operate. academic literature in areas supply chain and operations management trying explain this affected decision-making businesses. However, existing predominantly overlooked organisational culture behavioural economic theories. This paper contends that considering decisions made disruption involve groups individuals within them, relevance concepts becomes paramount. As such, objective is conduct an integrative review, utilising purposive sampling method explore dearth work connecting theories management. Additionally, aims offer guidelines for future research domain. Enhancing our comprehension these domains concerning would empower firms better anticipate their parties’ decisions, refine models, cultivate stronger relationships with suppliers customers.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19: from immune response to clinical intervention

Precision Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(3)

Published: July 17, 2024

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has highlighted pivotal role of immune response in determining progression and severity viral infections. In this paper, we review most recent studies on complicated dynamics between SARS-CoV-2 host system, highlight importance understanding these developing effective treatments formulate potent management strategies for COVID-19. We describe activation host's innate immunity subsequent adaptive following infection with SARS-CoV-2. addition, emphasizes evasion SARS-CoV-2, including inhibition interferon production induction cytokine storms, along resulting clinical outcomes. Finally, assess efficacy current treatment strategies, antiviral drugs, monoclonal antibodies, anti-inflammatory treatments, discuss their providing preventing disease.

Language: Английский

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Integrin/TGF-β1 Inhibitor GLPG-0187 Blocks SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron Pseudovirus Infection of Airway Epithelial Cells In Vitro, Which Could Attenuate Disease Severity

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15(5), P. 618 - 618

Published: May 17, 2022

As COVID-19 continues to pose major risk for vulnerable populations, including the elderly, immunocompromised, patients with cancer, and those contraindications vaccination, novel treatment strategies are urgently needed. SARS-CoV-2 infects target cells via RGD-binding integrins, either independently or as a co-receptor surface receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). We used pan-integrin inhibitor GLPG-0187 demonstrate blockade of pseudovirus infection cells. Omicron infected normal human small airway epithelial (HSAE) significantly less than D614G Delta variant pseudovirus, effectively blocked in dose-dependent manner across multiple viral variants. inhibited HSAE more other Pre-treatment MEK (MEKi) VS-6766 enhanced inhibition by GLPG-0187. Because integrins activate transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling, we compared plasma levels active total TGF-β COVID-19+ patients. The TGF-β1 correlated age, race, number medications upon presentation COVID-19, but not sex. Total activated levels. Moreover, integrin signaling prevents infectivity, it may mitigate severity through decreased activation. This therapeutic strategy be further explored clinical testing unvaccinated populations.

Language: Английский

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Alpha, Beta, Delta, Omicron, and SARS-CoV-2 Breakthrough Cases: Defining Immunological Mechanisms for Vaccine Waning and Vaccine-Variant Mismatch

Frontiers in Virology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2

Published: May 6, 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, is responsible for over 400 million cases and 5. 5 deaths worldwide. In response to widespread infection, immunization of global population has approached 60% one dose 54% full vaccination status. Emerging data indicates decreasing circulating antibody levels as well decreases in other immune correlates vaccinated individuals. Complicating determination vaccine effectiveness concomitant emergence novel variants with substantial antigenic differences from ancestral D614G strain. Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) spike protein 30 mutations compared protein, which was used design most vaccines use today. Therefore, breakthrough infections or severe disease fully individuals must be interpreted caution taking into consideration waning degree variant-mismatch resulting adaptive evasion emerging variants.

Language: Английский

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DS-5670a, a novel mRNA-encapsulated lipid nanoparticle vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2: Results from a phase 2 clinical study

Vaccine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 41(38), P. 5525 - 5534

Published: Aug. 1, 2023

DS-5670a is a vaccine candidate for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) harnessing novel modality composed of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) encoding the receptor-binding domain (RBD) from spike protein severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles. Here, we report safety, immunogenicity, and pharmacokinetic profile phase clinical trial healthy adults who were immunologically naïve to SARS-CoV-2.The study consisted an open-label, uncontrolled, dose-escalation part double-blind, randomized, 2-arm, parallel-group part. A total 80 Japanese participants assigned receive intramuscular DS-5670a, containing either 30 or 60 µg mRNA, as two injections administered 4 weeks apart. Safety was assessed by characterization treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs). Immunogenicity neutralization titers against SARS-CoV-2, anti-RBD immunoglobulin (Ig)G levels, SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific T cell responses. Plasma parameters also evaluated.Most solicited TEAEs mild moderate with both mRNA doses. Four (10 %) group developed redness at injection site, but all cases resolved without treatment. There no serious leading discontinuation. Humoral immune responses dose groups greater than those observed human convalescent serum; produced better Neutralization found be correlated IgG levels (specifically IgG1). elicited antigen-specific helper 1-polarized cellular responses.The mRNA-based provided favorable clinically acceptable safety profile. Confirmatory trials are currently ongoing evaluate immunogenicity primary assess when heterologous homologous booster.https://jrct.niph.go.jp/latest-detail/jRCT2071210086.

Language: Английский

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